scholarly journals UWARUNKOWANIA I ZAŁOŻENIA SYSTEMU SŁUŻB OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW W POLSCE

2016 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Bogusław Szmygin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Historic Preservation ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local

Since 1989, the system of monument protection in Poland has been adapting to the changes occurring in the Polish political system. Defining the scope of power and duties of historic preservation services is not only a tremendously important element of these changes. It is also a key factor in how the monument protection system functions.The nature of the changes results in stakeholders playing increasingly significant role in protection of monuments and sites – they become major partners to historic preservation services. Moreover, these services may find regional government bodies having broad scope of duties pertaining to monument protection particularly useful.Increasing significance of the role that local government bodies have been playing results in the scope of power and duties of regional historic preservation offices being broadened. Local government bodies are therefore going to participate more actively in the protection of historic monuments and sites. At the same time, their actions should be inspired, planned, and coordinated by regional historic preservation services. Support and supervision, on the other hand, should be provided by state historic preservation service being independent of local government bodies. The state and local government services cannot be therefore considered an alternative – they should fully and closely cooperate with each other. For this reason, cooperation among these services should be promoted and encouraged.

scholarly journals JAKI SYSTEM OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW? PYTANIA BEZ ODPOWIEDZI…

2016 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Marcin Gawlicki
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Historic Preservation ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Production Rules ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Different Levels

The Act of 23 July 2003 on the Protection and Guardianship of Monuments has never been flawless and the historic preservation milieu has been aware of the consequently deteriorating monument protection system. This article explores the following problems existing in the area of cultural heritage: description and evaluation of cultural heritage, document production rules, sources of financing works carried out to heritage, effectiveness of legal processes, professional development of members of staff, organisational structure of historic preservation offices, and cooperation opportunities on different levels of state and local government administration bodies dealing with protection of monuments and sites. While reading questions provided in this article, one may be willing to ponder on directions of expected changes and ways of introducing them in Poland.

scholarly journals Discussion of Financing State and Local Government Services in a Cyclical Economy

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Kurt R. Anschel
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
State Government ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Growth Stability ◽  
State Tax ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The 1960S

Drs. White and Musser bring an important new insight: given recent and prospective variations in inflation and income growth, stability must become an important criterion for assessing alternative local and state government fiscal systems. The 1960s was an expansionary period for U.S. and world economies. Equity, growth and efficiency appeared to be appropriate and sufficient criteria for evaluating local and state tax and expenditure systems. The economic turmoil of the 70s, however, makes it obvious we were a bit over-optimistic. Stability must be added to our list.

Objęcie zakresem kontroli poselskiej fundacji Skarbu Państwa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (70) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Ewelina Gierach
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
State Economy ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Right

In the opinion of the author, Deputies have the right to exercise their powers of control over government and local government administration bodies pursuant to the provisions of the Act on the Exercise of the Member’s and Senator’s Mandate. The author points herein to companies with the State Treasury’s shareholding, state and local government establishments and enterprises as well as social organisations and non-state economy units. The analysed regulations do not explicitly name foundations among these entities. On the other hand, the subjective scope of Deputy’s control covers State Treasury foundations established on the basis of statutes, and the scope of control of State Treasury foundations is determined by the contents of binding statutory rules and internal statutes of such foundations.

scholarly journals How Does State and Local Government Support Affect Entrepreneurs’ Gender, Age and Race?

JWEE ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
HALIL DINCER KAYA
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
State Government ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
Hispanic Entrepreneurs ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The U.S

In this study, we test whether state and local government support attract female entrepreneurs. We also test to see whether government support attracts younger entrepreneurs and minorities. First, we differentiate between the U.S. states where state government support is high and the U.S. states where state government support is low. Then, we compare small business owners’ gender, age, and race across high- and low-state government support states. We find that there is no significant difference in owners’ gender across high- and low-state government support states. However, our results show that, in the states where state government support is high, there are more young entrepreneurs (age25-34) and fewer middle-aged entrepreneurs (age45-54) when compared to the other states. Our results also show that, in these states, there are fewer Asian or Hispanic entrepreneurs when compared to the other states. When we differentiate between the states where local government support is high and the states where local government support is low, we find that there is no significant difference in owners’ gender or age across high- and low-local government support states. However, our results show that, in the states where the local government support is high, there are more white entrepreneurs and fewer Asian or Hispanic entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals TEZY KONSERWATORSKIE 2015 – PROPOZYCJA REFORMY SŁUŻB OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW

2016 ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Aleksander Broda ◽  
Marek Konopka ◽  
Halina Landecka ◽  
Katarzyna Zalasińska ◽  
Tadeusz Zielniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Historic Preservation ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local

The article explores directions of possible changes to be made to the model of monument protection. It not only recommends specific provisions but also focuses on a model understood as a structure of definitions and relations existing among them. This allows for rough description of a selected aspect of reality. The analysis comes down to deliberations on monument protection system, including necessary duties and competences of government and local government administration bodies. Effects of the principle of subsidiarity and decentralisation of Polish historic preservation administration were brought into special focus. Additionally, narrow scope of duties was determined for state and local government administration bodies.

INITIATIVE BUDGETING AS AN INSTRUMENT OF TERRITORIAL SELF-GOVERNMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
V. V. Vagin ◽  
N. A. Shapovalova
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Government Initiative ◽  
Local Levels

The article is devoted to the actual issue – institutional analysis of initiative budgeting and territorial public selfgovernment, as well as the possibility of their integration. Over the past few years, a system of civil participation in budget decisions has been built in Russia, the regulatory framework of practices has been created, thousands of employees of state and local government bodies have been trained, project centers have appeared for ensuring development of initiative budgeting. Citizen participation in budget decisions can significantly accelerate the development of the lower level of local government. Initiative budgeting is an innovative instrument of public finance and at the same time a social technology allowing for the real involvement of citizens in the issues of state and municipal governance. Initiative budgeting development programs make it possible to transfer financing of projects aimed at solving local issues with the participation of citizens onto a systemic basis. The results and materials of this study can serve a foundation for theoretical understanding of the institutional development of public finances at the regional and local levels. At the same time, this practical area that was intensively developing in recent years requires deep institutional analysis.

A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of Accounting Standards for State and Local Government Pensions and Other Postemployment Benefits in The United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-77
Author(s):  
Dale L. Flesher ◽  
Craig Foltin ◽  
Gary John Previts ◽  
Mary S. Stone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Defined Contribution Plans ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local

ABSTRACT Both the business media and the popular press have emphasized the underfunding problems associated with pension funds that are set aside for state and local government workers, a group that also includes teachers and professors at state-affiliated colleges and universities. The realization that pension funds are typically underfunded stems from the fact that the accounting standards associated with state and local government employee pension funds have led to greater transparency since 2011. This paper examines, explains, and interprets the historical development over the last 70 years of accounting standards for state and local government pension funds in the United States. Changing accounting standards, along with economic and social change, have led to consequences such as employers transforming their pension programs to avoid substantial costs and significant liabilities, for example by changing from defined benefit to defined contribution plans.

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