Contaminated land risk assessment: variability in site assessment and decision making in the UK

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cropp ◽  
E. Hellawell ◽  
L. Elghali ◽  
A. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Contaminated Land ◽  
Site Assessment ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals The Development and Use of Sustainability Criteria in SuRF-UK’s Sustainable Remediation Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bardos ◽  
Hayley Thomas ◽  
Jonathan Smith ◽  
Nicola Harries ◽  
Frank Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Contaminated Land ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Sustainable Remediation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

Sustainability considerations have become widely recognised in contaminated land management and are now accepted as an important component of remediation planning and implementation around the world. The Sustainable Remediation Forum for the UK (SuRF-UK) published guidance on sustainability criteria for consideration in drawing up (or framing) assessments, organised across 15 “headline” categories, five for the environment element of sustainability, five for the social, and five for the economic. This paper describes how the SuRF-UK indicator guidance was developed, and the rationale behind its structure and approach. It describes its use in remediation option appraisal in the UK, and reviews the international papers that have applied or reviewed it. It then reviews the lessons learned from its initial use and the opinions and findings of international commentators, and concludes with recommendations on how the indicator categories might be further refined in the future. The key findings of this review are that the SuRF-UK framework and indicator guidance is well adopted into practice in the UK. It is widely recognised as the most appropriate mechanism to support sustainability-based decision making in contaminated land decision making. It has influenced the development of other national and international guidance and standards on sustainable remediation. However, there is room for some fine tuning of approach based on the lessons learned during its application.

‘Walking on ice’: The future of parole in a risk-obsessed society

2019 ◽  
pp. 136248061988055
Author(s):  
Monica Barry
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

The aim of risk assessment and management in criminal justice is increasingly about minimizing opportunities to create harm to the public rather than maximizing opportunities to create change in offenders. This seems to be particularly the case in respect of parole, where the balance of public protection with rehabilitation has become increasingly unstable in prioritizing the former. This article examines parole decision making and management within the UK from the perspectives of both high risk offenders on licence and parole professionals. It discusses two key drivers to burgeoning recall rates: the stringency of licence conditions and the propensity of professionals to recall in the name of risk elimination rather than risk reduction. The article concludes that the effectiveness of parole is in question, not least in enabling re-entry and reintegration of high risk prisoners. In particular, the future sustainability of parole itself is deemed to be under threat.

Machine-Learnt Bias? Algorithmic Decision Making and Access to Criminal Justice

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-100
Author(s):  
Malwina Anna Wojcik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Crime Mapping ◽  
The Us ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Uk

The pressure on the criminal justice system in England and Wales is mounting. Recent figures reveal that despite a rise in recorded crime, the number of defendants in court proceedings has been the lowest in 50 years. This indicates a crisis of access to criminal justice. Predictive policing and risk assessment programmes based on algorithmic decision making (ADM) offer a prospect of increasing efficiency of law enforcement, eliminating delays and cutting the costs. These technologies are already used in the UK for crime-mapping and facilitating decisions regarding prosecution of arrested individuals. In the US their deployment is much wider, covering also sentencing and parole applications.

scholarly journals Collaborative risk assessment in secure and forensic mental health settings in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. e100291
Author(s):  
Sarah Markham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Forensic Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Settings ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

Collaborative risk assessment and management have been recommended in health policy for over a decade. We consider the nature and need for collaborative risk assessment and management between patients and clinicians in secure and forensic mental health settings in the context of shared decision making and personalised care in the UK. We examine the extent to which policy and recent initiatives have influenced the embedding of such practice in services through consideration of the evidence provided by research and the Commissioning for Quality and Innovation framework, and conclude that there is a need for further improvement.

scholarly journals Learning about COVID-19 across borders: Public health information and adherence among international travellers to the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghan Cai ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Charlotte Robin ◽  
Clare Sawyer ◽  
Wendy Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Information ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Information ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Uk

Objective Public health control measures at borders have long been central to national strategies for the prevention and containment of infectious diseases. Travel was inevitably associated with the rapid global transmission of COVID-19. In the UK, public health authorities took action to reduce risks of travel-associated spread by providing public health information at ports of entry. This study aims to understand individual risk assessment processes, decision making, and adherence to official advice among international travellers; to provide evidence to inform future policy on the presentation of public health information to facilitate safer international travel. Study design This study is a qualitative study evaluation. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate risk assessment processes, decision making, and adherence to official Public Health England (PHE) advice among travellers. Results Participants regarded official advice as adequate at the time, despite observing differences between the intervention measures implemented in the countries of departure. Participants however also described adopting precautionary measures including self-isolation and the use of face coverings that went beyond official advice, and variability in the extent to which they adhered to guidance on contacting health authorities. Adherence to official guidance was informed by the perceived salience of specific transmission possibilities and containment measures assessed in relation to participants' social and institutional environments. Conclusion Analysis of travellers' reported motivations demonstrates that responses to public health advice constitute a proactive process of risk assessment and rationalised decision-making that incorporates consideration of living situation, trust in information sources, correspondence with cultural logics, and willingness to accept potential risk to self and significant others in guiding preventive action. Our findings concerning international passengers' understanding of, and compliance with, official advice and mitigation measures provide valuable evidence to inform future policy and we provide recommendations on the presentation of public health information to facilitate safer international travel. Access to a central source of regularly updated official information would help minimise confusion between different national guidelines. Greater attention to the differentiated information needs of diverse groups in creating future public-facing guidance would help to minimise the uncertainties generated by receipt of generic information.

The risk assessment–policy gap: An example from the UK contaminated land regime

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1066-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Evans ◽  
Graham Wood ◽  
Anne Miller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Contaminated Land ◽  
Assessment Policy ◽  
The Uk

How multidisciplinary are multidisciplinary case reviews in cancer care? Feasibility analysis of a theory-driven team decision-making fidelity framework

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayana Soukup ◽  
Ged Murtagh ◽  
Ben W Lamb ◽  
James Green ◽  
Nick Sevdalis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Feasibility Evaluation ◽  
The Uk

Background Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) are a standard cancer care policy in many countries worldwide. Despite an increase in research in a recent decade on MDTs and their care planning meetings, the implementation of MDT-driven decision-making (fidelity) remains unstudied. We report a feasibility evaluation of a novel method for assessing cancer MDT decision-making fidelity. We used an observational protocol to assess (1) the degree to which MDTs adhere to the stages of group decision-making as per the ‘Orientation-Discussion-Decision-Implementation’ framework, and (2) the degree of multidisciplinarity underpinning individual case reviews in the meetings. MethodsThis is a prospective observational study. Breast, colorectal and gynaecological cancer MDTs in the Greater London and Derbyshire (United Kingdom) areas were video recorded over 12-weekly meetings encompassing 822 case reviews. Data were coded and analysed using frequency counts.Results Eight interaction formats during case reviews were identified. case reviews were not always multi-disciplinary: only 8% of overall reviews involved all five clinical disciplines present, and 38% included four of five. The majority of case reviews (i.e. 54%) took place between two (25%) or three (29%) disciplines only. Surgeons (83%) and oncologists (8%) most consistently engaged in all stages of decision-making. While all patients put forward for MDT review were actually reviewed, a small percentage of them (4%) either bypassed the orientation (case presentation) and went straight into discussing the patient, or they did not articulate the final decision to the entire team (8%). Conclusions Assessing fidelity of MDT decision-making at the point of their weekly meetings is feasible. We found that despite being a set policy, case reviews are not entirely MDT-driven. We discuss implications in relation to the current eco-political climate, and the quality and safety of care. Our findings are in line with the current national initiatives in the UK on streamlining MDT meetings, and could help decide how to re-organise them to be most efficient.

Benchmarking Risk Analysis Practice in the International Water Sector

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. MacGillivray ◽  
P.D. Hamilton ◽  
S.E. Hrudey ◽  
L. Reekie ◽  
S.J.T Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Usa ◽  
International Water ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
The Uk

Risk analysis in the water utility sector is fast becoming explicit. Here, we describe application of a capability model to benchmark the risk analysis maturity of a sub-sample of eight water utilities from the USA, the UK and Australia. Our analysis codifies risk analysis practice and offers practical guidance as to how utilities may more effectively employ their portfolio of risk analysis techniques for optimal, credible, and defensible decision making.

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