How Task Experience Influences Students' Performance Expectancies: The Role of Certainty

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Dickhäuser ◽  
Marc-André Reinhard ◽  
Chris Englert
Keyword(s):  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
Performance Expectancies ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mathematics Examination ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Task Experience

The importance of performance expectancies for predicting behavior has long been highlighted in research on expectancy-value models. These models do not take into account that expectancies may vary in terms of their certainty. The study tested the following predictions: task experience leads to a higher certainty of expectancies; certainty and mean expectancies are empirically distinguishable; and expectancies held with high certainty are more accurate for predicting performance. 273 Grade 8 students reported their performance expectancy and the certainty of expectation with regard to a mathematics examination immediately before and after the examination. Actual grades on the examination were also assessed. The results supported the predictions: there was an increase in certainty between the two times of measurement; expectancies and certainty were unrelated at both times of measurement; and for students initially reporting higher certainty, the accuracy of the performance expectancy (i.e., the relation between expectancy and performance) was higher than for students reporting lower certainty. Given lower certainty, the accuracy increased after the students had experience with the examination. The data indicate that it may be useful to include certainty as an additional variable in expectancy-value models.

scholarly journals How Relevant Are Risk Perceptions, Effort, and Performance Expectancy in Mobile Banking Adoption?

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijaz A. Shaikh ◽  
Richard Glavee-Geo ◽  
Heikki Karjaluoto
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
And Performance

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the adoption process using evidence from m-banking adoption in Pakistan. A survey design was used and 189 responses were received from across Pakistan and analyzed using Smart PLS application. Findings suggest that research on the effect of risk in the adoption process remains inconclusive. Contrarily, consumers have overcome many fears due to the usefulness, indispensability, high security features, and effort expended in the use of financial services delivered through m-banking. Perceived risk's (PR) direct influence was found to be generally weak. However, PR plays a major role in the pre-adoption process because it's weak and direct inhibiting influence become an “enhancer” in the association between effort expectancy (EE) and the three key TAM/UTAUT constructs [performance expectancy (PE), attitude (ATT), and adoption intention (INT)]. Most importantly, the role of EE as a strong driver of PE, ATT, INT, and its significant interaction with PR highlights the unique role that both risk and EE play in the adoption process.

A Causal Model of Mathematics Performance in Early Adolescence: The Role of Sex

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Midkiff ◽  
Joy Patricia Burke ◽  
Gerald C. Helmstadter
Keyword(s):  
Causal Model ◽  
Mathematics Performance ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Scholastic Aptitude ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Mathematics Examination ◽  
Achievement In Mathematics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
School Records

Using path analysis, the present investigation was done to clarify possible causal linkages among general scholastic aptitude, academic achievement in mathematics, self-concept of ability, and performance on a mathematics examination. Subjects were 122 eighth-grade students who completed a mathematics examination as well as a measure of self-concept of ability. Aptitude and achievement measures were obtained from school records. Analysis showed sex differences in prediction of performance on the mathematics examination. For boys, this performance could be predicted from scholastic aptitude and previous achievement in mathematics. For girls, performance only could be predicted from previous achievement in mathematics. These results indicate that the direction, strength, and magnitude of relations among these variables differed for boys and girls, while mean levels of performance did not.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of arousal and emotional valence on performance of racing greyhounds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Starling ◽  
Anthony Spurrett ◽  
Paul McGreevy
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Eye Temperature

AbstractThe racing greyhound industry in Australia has come under scrutiny in recent years due to animal welfare concerns, including so-called behavioural wastage whereby physically sound greyhounds are removed from the racing industry because of poor performance. The non-medical reasons why greyhounds perform poorly at the racetrack are not well understood, but may include insufficient reinforcement for racing, or negative affective states associated with the context of racing. This study sought evidence for the affective states of greyhounds (n=525) at race meets and associations of those states with performance. It collected demographic, behavioural and performance data, along with infrared thermographic images of greyhounds at race-meets to investigate whether arousal influenced performance. It also collected behavioural data in the catching pen at the completion of races to examine possible evidence of frustration that may reflect sub-optimal behavioural reinforcement.Linear regression models were built to determine factors affecting greyhound performance. Increasing mean eye temperature after the race and increasing greyhound age both had a statistically significant, negative effect on performance. The start box number also had a significant effect, with boxes 4, 5 and 7 having a negative effect on performance. There was a significant effect of track on mean eye temperatures before and after the race, suggesting that some tracks may be inherently more stressful for greyhounds than others. Behaviours that may indicate frustration in the catching pen were extremely common at two tracks, but much less common at the third, where play objects in motion were used to draw greyhounds into the catching pen. The study provides evidence for the use of eye temperature in predicting performance, guidance for assessment of poor performance in greyhounds and suggested approaches to the management of frustration in racing greyhounds.

scholarly journals How Relevant Are Risk Perceptions, Effort, and Performance Expectancy in Mobile Banking Adoption?

2021 ◽  
pp. 692-716
Author(s):  
Aijaz A. Shaikh ◽  
Richard Glavee-Geo ◽  
Heikki Karjaluoto
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
Effort Expectancy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Adoption Intention

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the adoption process using evidence from m-banking adoption in Pakistan. A survey design was used and 189 responses were received from across Pakistan and analyzed using Smart PLS application. Findings suggest that research on the effect of risk in the adoption process remains inconclusive. Contrarily, consumers have overcome many fears due to the usefulness, indispensability, high security features, and effort expended in the use of financial services delivered through m-banking. Perceived risk's (PR) direct influence was found to be generally weak. However, PR plays a major role in the pre-adoption process because it's weak and direct inhibiting influence become an “enhancer” in the association between effort expectancy (EE) and the three key TAM/UTAUT constructs [performance expectancy (PE), attitude (ATT), and adoption intention (INT)]. Most importantly, the role of EE as a strong driver of PE, ATT, INT, and its significant interaction with PR highlights the unique role that both risk and EE play in the adoption process.

scholarly journals Impact of The HEROES Project on First Responders’ Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Blumberg ◽  
Luciano Giromini ◽  
Konstantinos Papazoglou ◽  
A. Renee Thornton
Keyword(s):  
First Responders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

First responders experience a myriad of stressors (e.g., operational, organizational, personal) over the course of their career. An abundance of empirical evidence shows that the impact of those stressors on first responders’ health, well-being, and performance can be detrimental. Nevertheless, previous research has mainly focused on the role of a specific technique (e.g., mindfulness, breathing exercises, psychoeducation) towards the promotion of well-being among first responders. This allows us to explore the role of a single technique in supporting first responders. However, given the complexity of stressors experienced by this population, it appears that a synergistic role of multileveled intervention is imperative to promote lasting improvement in first responders’ well-being. To this end, The HEROES Project, an eight-week online training program, was developed to address the aforementioned gap in the literature. The HEROES Project incorporates lessons that aim to build a cluster of skills that together promote first responders’ wellbeing. In the present study, a sample of first responders (n = 124) from the US Midwest were recruited and completed The HEROES Project. They were assessed before and after completion of the program, and then follow-up measurements were obtained for two years following the baseline assessment. Results showed that participants with higher distress and lower psychological resources before the training benefited most from The HEROES Project, but that the training significantly improved psychological capital and reduced stress, depression, anxiety, and trauma symptoms for all participants. Clinical and training implications as well as future research directions are discussed.

Role of Model's Affect in Test Anxiety

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 956-958
Author(s):  
David R. Olson ◽  
Robert S. Schlottmann
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
State Scale ◽  
High Test ◽  
And Task

Thirty high test-anxious and 30 low test-anxious undergraduate females were exposed to either an anxious model, a non-anxious model or no model before performing on a spatial visualization task. The STAI A-State scale was also given before and after performance to determine the effects of model conditions and task performance on state anxiety levels. Subjects were then asked to evaluate their performance. Highly test-anxious subjects performed more poorly, reported higher levels of anxiety, and evaluated their performance more negatively than low test-anxious subjects. Type of model had no differential effect on the anxiety level and performance of subjects. Thus, the vicarious effects of a model may sometimes be superceded by task demands even on highly test-anxious subjects.

Cognitive and Emotional Components of Test Anxiety: A Distinction and Some Initial Data

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Liebert ◽  
Larry W. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
Performance Expectancies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between two aspects of the TAQ, identified as “worry” and “emotionality,” and performance expectancies on a college examination. For this purpose, a short Pre-examination Questionnaire was developed. As predicted, worry (W) was inversely related to performance expectancy. No relationship between expectancy and emotionality (E) was found.

The Effect of Gender, Age, and Education on the Adoption of Mobile Government Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Isaac Kofi Mensah ◽  
Guohua Zeng ◽  
Chuanyong Luo
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Utaut Model ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
And Performance

This study explored the important role of demographic factors such as gender, age, and education in the adoption of mobile government (m-government) services. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model was used as the theoretical foundation whiles the data was captured and analyzed with SPSS and SmartPLS. The results have demonstrated that gender is a significant predictor of both the intention to use and performance expectancy of m-government services. However, gender does not determine mobile self-efficacy. In addition, age and education were both were significant predictors of performance expectancy, mobile self-efficacy and the intention to use m-government services respectively. The implications of these and other findings of the study are thoroughly discussed.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Audit Klinis Sebagai Cara Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Perilaku Peserta Didik PPDS Onkologi Radiasi Periode September 2010 - Maret 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Fielda Djuita ◽  
Harsono Mardiwiyoto ◽  
Ova Emilia ◽  
Soehartati Soehartati
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Clinical Audit ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Audit Score ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Background: Clinical Audit is one of the formative evaluations that conducted to maintain and increase behavior and performance of the Radiation Oncology students, as an effort to maintain radiotherapy services and grant the quality of education. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of clinical audit in improving students’ behavior.Method: This was a quasi-experimental research time series. We have done audit to the medical record chart of the residences at Policlinic I, II, III and stay at semester 3, 4, 5 in FK UI/RSUPNCM between September 2010 and December 2011 (T0). Audit had done by the author and one of the lectures. After analyzing the audit report, the reports were sent to the students one by one through email followed by forwarding it to the lecturer involved in this research. Then we continue the audit by performing the second clinical audit (T1) from January until March 2011. We used the mean score from the two auditors. The score divided into 4 groups as follows: hospital clinical record, treatment prescription, simulation and planning also evaluation during treatment. After that the author compared the audit score before and after intervention with t-test.Results: There were 16 Oncology Radiation students with 163 cases (To) and 156 cases (T1) who worked at Policlinic I, II and III. Behavior mean score is 1.9229 (T0), standard deviation 0.0514 and mean score after first intervention is 1.9764, standard deviation 0.0479 with p= 0.006.Conclusion: The students’ behaviors and performance are changed significantly after intervention.

scholarly journals Bilateral Ablation of Auditory Cortex in Mongolian Gerbil Affects Discrimination of Frequency Modulated Tones but not of Pure Tones

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Ohl ◽  
Wolfram Wetzel ◽  
Thomas Wagner ◽  
Alexander Rech ◽  
Henning Scheich
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Differential Involvement ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tone Discrimination

This study examines the role of auditory cortex in the Mongolian gerbil in differential conditioning to pure tones and to linearly frequency-modulated (FM) tones by analyzing the effects of bilateral auditory cortex ablation. Learning behavior and performance were studied in a GO/NO-GO task aiming at avoidance of a mild foot shock by crossing a hurdle in a two-way shuttle box. Hurdle crossing as the conditioned response to the reinforced stimulus (CR+), as false alarm in response to the unreinforced stimulus (CR−), intertrial activity, and reaction times were monitored. The analysis revealed no effects of lesion on pure tone discrimination but impairment of FM tone discrimination. In the latter case lesion effects were dependent on timing of lesion relative to FM tone discrimination training. Lesions before training in naive animals led to a reduced CR+ rate and had no effect on CR− rate. Lesions in pretrained animals led to an increased CR− rate without effects on the CR+ rate. The results suggest that auditory cortex plays a more critical role in discrimination of FM tones than in discrimination of pure tones. The different lesion effects on FM tone discrimination before and after training are compatible with both the hypothesis of a purely sensory deficit in FM tone processing and the hypothesis of a differential involvement of auditory cortex in acquisition and retention, respectively.

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