Relationship between Parenting Styles and Gender Role Identity in College Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ching Lin ◽  
Robert E. Billingham
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gender Role Identity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between perceived parenting styles and gender role identity was examined in college students. 230 undergraduate students (48 men, 182 women; 18–23 years old) responded to the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Bern Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI). The hypothesis was that parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive for both fathers and mothers) would be significantly associated with gender role identity (undifferentiated, feminine, masculine, and androgynous) of college students, specifically whether authoritative parenting styles associated with androgyny. To account for differences in sex on gender role identity or parenting styles, sex was included as a factor. The pattern of the difference in identity groups was similar for males and females. There were significant differences in parenting styles between gender role groups. Maternal and paternal authoritativeness correlated with participants' femininity, and for both parents, the relationship was observed to be stronger in males than females; paternal authoritativeness was significantly associated with androgyny. Future research based on these results should investigate how the findings relate to children's psychological well-being and behavioral outcomes.

Evidence for an Association between Gender-Role Identity and a Measure of Executive Function

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill M. Norvilitis ◽  
Howard M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Gender Role Identity ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
The Relationship

Two studies assessed the relation between gender role and executive function. In Study One ( N = 234) analyses indicated that among college students executive function, assessed by the Coolidge and Griego scale, is related to masculine gender-role classification, measured by the Bem Sex-role Inventory. This relationship remained significant when biological sex was controlled. Further, factor analysis of the Bem Sex-role Inventory identified six components, three related to executive function. Two of these scales were associated with masculine characteristics, and the third was associated with the denial of several feminine items. Study Two ( N = 55) further assessed the relationship among undergraduates through additional measures of executive functions and mood, in addition to the Bem Sex-role Inventory. In this study, executive functioning, as measured by the Coolidge and Griego scale, was again generally related to masculinity. Psychological well-being was not related to gender identity or executive functioning.

The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Troche ◽  
Nina Weber ◽  
Karina Hennigs ◽  
Carl-René Andresen ◽  
Thomas H. Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

scholarly journals Gender role identity and gender intensification: Agency and communion in adolescents’ spontaneous self-descriptions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Selma Korlat ◽  
Nora Maria Foerst ◽  
Marie-Therese Schultes ◽  
Barbara Schober ◽  
Christiane Spiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Gender Role Identity ◽  
Agency And Communion ◽  
And Gender

Sex-role Orientation and Psychological Well-being: A Critique of the Masculinity Model

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Forshaw ◽  
Diana Shmukler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

As a model of the relationship between sex-role orientation and psychological well-being, the masculinity model has proved more successful than either the androgyny or the congruence models. In this article, it is, nevertheless, argued that the model has many shortcomings and limitations which need to be addressed by future research. The central criticisms of the model are that it fails to provide a theoretical understanding of its own success, cannot infer causality and represents an oversimplification of psychological life.

Parental Attachment and gender-role identity

Sex Roles ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Haigler ◽  
H. D. Day ◽  
D. D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Gender Role Identity ◽  
And Gender

Social Differentiation, Contemporary Marriage, and Human Development

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANA VANNOY
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Marital Disruption ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Gender Role Identity ◽  
Role Identities ◽  
Sex Equality ◽  
Stable Marriages ◽  
And Gender

This article makes the functionalist claim that to be fully achieved, the change toward sex equality must occur in social, cultural, and personality systems and be apparent not only in the economy but in marriage and individual identity as well. The discussion suggests that the high rate of marital disruption, particularly in dual-earner marriages in which partners approach economic and occupational equality, represents a lag or strain between macro changes in society and related changes in marriage roles and gender role identity in personality. Traditional gender role identities, including subordinate and superordinate statuses for women and men respectively, are seen as congruent with earlier societal forms and less congruent with the demands of postindustrial society. In light of social differentiation, the changing status of women, and the loss of family functions, stable marriages are more likely to be achieved only by those individuals who develop strong capacities for autonomy and intimacy in their marital relationships. To achieve this is also to achieve less sex-typed gender role identities.

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