Relative Distance Cues and Perceived Size

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1335-1339
Author(s):  
William P. Mc Dermott
Keyword(s):  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Absolute Distance ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Standard Object ◽  
Comparison Field

In a previous investigation (McDermott, 1965) individual cues to distance were found to have little effect on size perception. An explanation of these findings was sought by investigating (1) the effect of differences in distance information in the standard and comparison fields and (2) testing the effect of relative distance cues on the perception of size. Size judgments of a standard object were made under two comparison field conditions, with only relative distance cues present and with only absolute distance cues present. The results of this experiment were essentially the same as those in the earlier work.

Size–Distance Scaling With Absolute and Relative Auditory Distance Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Daiki Yamasaki ◽  
Hiroshi Ashida
Keyword(s):  
Size Perception ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Absolute Distance ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Auditory Distance ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Sound Sequence ◽  
Visual Size

Abstract In the dynamic 3D space, it is critical for survival to perceive size of an object and rescale it with distance from an observer. Humans can perceive distance via not only vision but also audition, which plays an important role in the localization of objects, especially in visually ambiguous environments. However, whether and how auditory distance information contributes to visual size perception is not well understood. To address this issue, we investigated the efficiency of size–distance scaling by using auditory distance information that was conveyed by binaurally recorded auditory stimuli. We examined the effects of absolute distance information of a single sound sequence (Experiment 1) and relative distance information between two sound sequences (Experiment 2) on visual size estimation performances in darkened and well-lit environments. We demonstrated that humans could perform size–distance disambiguation by using auditory distance information even in darkness. Curiously, relative distance information was more efficient in size–distance scaling than absolute distance information, suggesting a high reliance on relative auditory distance information in our visual spatial experiences. The results highlight a benefit of audiovisual interaction for size–distance processing and calibration of external events under visually degraded situations.

Evaluating the concept specialization distance from an end-user perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-876
Author(s):  
David Martín-Moncunill ◽  
Miguel Angel Sicilia-Urban ◽  
Elena García-Barriocanal ◽  
Christian M. Stracke
Keyword(s):  
Visual Representation ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
End User ◽  
Data Set ◽  
User Perspective ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
Knowledge Organization Systems ◽  
Distance Data

Purpose The common understanding of generalization/specialization relations assumes the relation to be equally strong between a classifier and any of its related classifiers and also at every level of the hierarchy. Assigning a grade of relative distance to represent the level of similarity between the related pairs of classifiers could correct this situation, which has been considered as an oversimplification of the psychological account of the real-world relations. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The evaluation followed an end-user perspective. In order to obtain a consistent data set of specialization distances, a group of 21 persons was asked to assign values to a set of relations from a selection of terms from the AGROVOC thesaurus. Then two sets of representations of the relations between the terms were built, one according to the calculated concept of specialization weights and the other one following the original order of the thesaurus. In total, 40 persons were asked to choose between the two sets following an A/B test-like experiment. Finally, short interviews were carried out after the test to inquiry about their decisions. Findings The results show that the use of this information could be a valuable tool for search and information retrieval purposes and for the visual representation of knowledge organization systems (KOS). Furthermore, the methodology followed in the study turned out to be useful for detecting inconsistencies in the thesaurus and could thus be used for quality control and optimization of the hierarchical relations. Originality/value The use of this relative distance information, namely, “concept specialization distance,” has been proposed mainly at a theoretical level. In the current experiment, the authors evaluate the potential use of this information from an end-user perspective, not only for text-based interfaces but also its application for the visual representation of KOS. Finally, the methodology followed for the elaboration of the concept specialization distance data set showed potential for detecting possible inconsistencies in KOS.

A New System of High-Precision Absolute Laser Interferometer Distance Measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 769-772
Author(s):  
Chen Yang Zhang ◽  
Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Laser Interferometry ◽  
Distance Measurement ◽  
Absolute Distance ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Interference Fringes ◽  
New System

With the improvement of precision in various fields, we present a new method for the measurement of the absolute distance of a remote target based on the laser interferometry technique. In this paper, we obtain the interference fringes change information (the distance information) with the help of laser scanning with different frequency. It does not require the target to move in the direction of measurement. We have done experiments to compare this new methods results with the results of RENISHAW interferometer. Its improved that the accuracy of distance measurement is 10-4~10-5 relatively.

scholarly journals A Distance Increment Smoothing Method and Its Application on the Detection of NLOS in the Cooperative Positioning

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8028
Author(s):  
Dongqing Zhao ◽  
Dongmin Wang ◽  
Minzhi Xiang ◽  
Jinfei Li ◽  
Chaoyong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Control ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Cooperative Positioning ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ranging Errors ◽  
Range Error

The wide use of cooperative missions using multiple unmanned platforms has made relative distance information an essential factor for cooperative positioning and formation control. Reducing the range error effectively in real time has become the main technical challenge. We present a new method to deal with ranging errors based on the distance increment (DI). The DI calculated by dead reckoning is used to smooth the DI obtained by the cooperative positioning, and the smoothed DI is then used to detect and estimate the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) error as well as to smooth the observed values containing random noise in the filtering process. Simulation and experimental results show that the relative accuracy of NLOS estimation is 8.17%, with the maximum random error reduced by 40.27%. The algorithm weakens the influence of NLOS and random errors on the measurement distance, thus improving the relative distance precision and enhancing the stability and reliability of cooperative positioning.

scholarly journals Do We See Scale?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Linton
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Angular Size ◽  
Absolute Distance ◽  
Familiar Size ◽  
Effective Distance ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Vertical Disparity ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Cost

The visual system is supposed to extract distance information from the environment in order to scale the size and distance of objects in the visual scene. The purpose of this article is to challenge this account in three stages: First, I identify three shortcomings of the literature on vergence as our primary cue to near distances. Second, I present the results from two experiments that control for these shortcomings, but at the cost of eradicating vergence and accommodation as effective distance cues (average gain of y = 0.161x + 38.64). Third, I argue that if all our cues to distance are either (a) ineffective (vergence; accommodation; motion parallax), (b) merely relative (angular size; diplopia), or (c) merely cognitive (familiar size; vertical disparity), then the visual system does not appear to extract absolute distance information, and we should be open to the possibility that vision functions without scale.

scholarly journals Biosonar spatial resolution along the distance axis: revisiting the clutter interference zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Wagenhäuser ◽  
Lutz Wiegrebe ◽  
A. Leonie Baier
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Absolute Distance ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Object Distance ◽  
Reference Distance ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Phyllostomus Discolor

AbstractUnlike all other remote senses like vision or hearing, echolocation allows estimating the distance of an object. Not only have echolocating bats and toothed whales been shown to measure distance by echolocation extremely precisely, distance information is even topographically represented by a neuro-computational map in bats’ auditory cortex. This topographic representation and the corresponding tuning of cortical cells to object distance suggests the bats may be able to perceptually resolve multiple, simultaneously present objects along the distance axis. Here we use a novel psychophysical paradigm with complex phantom targets to quantity spatial resolution along the distance axis in the echolocating bat Phyllostomus discolor. We show that our bats can indeed perceptually resolve objects along the distance axis when they are separated by about 40 cm (around a reference distance of 108 cm) along the distance axis. These results are well comparable to earlier work on bats’ clutter interference zone (Simmons et al., 1988) and confirm those results with a more robust psychophysical paradigm.Summary statementEcholocating bats perceive absolute distance to objects by measuring the time delay between call and echo. In addition, they possess spatial resolution along the distance axis.

Technology of Laser Large-Footprint Multi-Objective Relative Distance Information Extraction and Verification

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 0701001
Author(s):  
蓝晓萍 Lan Xiaoping ◽  
黄庚华 Huang Genghua ◽  
王海伟 Wang Haiwei ◽  
吴军 Wu Jun
Keyword(s):  
Information Extraction ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Multi Objective
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