When Power Functions Fail: A Theoretical Explanation

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Baird ◽  
Timothy Stein
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Weber Fraction ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Simple Power ◽  
Simple Power Function

When the simple power function fails to describe psychophysical results, it is necessary to add or subtract a constant from either the stimuli or responses in order to reinstitute a power function. It is suggested here that this failure results from the nonlinearity of the function between the Weber fraction and stimulus intensity. Computer simulation experiments were conducted which supported this contention.

Role of Reynolds and Archimedes numbers in particle-fluid flows

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haim Kalman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pneumatic Conveying ◽  
Particulate Materials ◽  
Simple Power ◽  
Simple Power Function

AbstractAny scientific behavior is best represented by nondimensional numbers. However, in many cases, for pneumatic conveying systems, dimensional equations are developed and used. In some cases, many of the nondimensional equations include Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers; they are usually defined for a limited range of materials and operating conditions. This study demonstrates that most of the relevant flow types, whether in horizontal or vertical pipes, can be better described by Re and Archimedes (Ar) numbers. Ar can also be used in hydraulic conveying systems. This paper presents many threshold velocities that are accurately defined by Re as a simple power function of Ar. Many particulate materials are considered by Ar, thereby linking them to a common behavior. Using various threshold velocities, a flow regime chart for horizontal conveying is presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Commutative semigroups whose endomorphisms are power functions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Cyclic Group ◽  
Commutative Semigroup ◽  
Commutative Monoid ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Commutative Semigroups ◽  
Finite Cyclic Group

AbstractFor any commutative semigroup S and positive integer m the power function $$f: S \rightarrow S$$ f : S → S defined by $$f(x) = x^m$$ f ( x ) = x m is an endomorphism of S. We partly solve the Lesokhin–Oman problem of characterizing the commutative semigroups whose all endomorphisms are power functions. Namely, we prove that every endomorphism of a commutative monoid S is a power function if and only if S is a finite cyclic group, and that every endomorphism of a commutative ACCP-semigroup S with an idempotent is a power function if and only if S is a finite cyclic semigroup. Furthermore, we prove that every endomorphism of a nontrivial commutative atomic monoid S with 0, preserving 0 and 1, is a power function if and only if either S is a finite cyclic group with zero adjoined or S is a cyclic nilsemigroup with identity adjoined. We also prove that every endomorphism of a 2-generated commutative semigroup S without idempotents is a power function if and only if S is a subsemigroup of the infinite cyclic semigroup.

scholarly journals Using Computer Simulation Method to Improve Throughput of Production Systems by Buffers and Workers Allocation

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kłos ◽  
Peter Trebuna
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Buffer Allocation ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Buffer Capacities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Support Decision Making

Abstract This paper proposes the application of computer simulation methods to support decision making regarding intermediate buffer allocations in a series-parallel production line. The simulation model of the production system is based on a real example of a manufacturing company working in the automotive industry. Simulation experiments were conducted for different allocations of buffer capacities and different numbers of employees. The production system consists of three technological operations with intermediate buffers between each operation. The technological operations are carried out using machines and every machine can be operated by one worker. Multi-work in the production system is available (one operator operates several machines). On the basis of the simulation experiments, the relationship between system throughput, buffer allocation and the number of employees is analyzed. Increasing the buffer capacity results in an increase in the average product lifespan. Therefore, in the article a new index is proposed that includes the throughput of the manufacturing system and product life span. Simulation experiments were performed for different configurations of technological operations.

Computer simulation of economic systems ... an example model

SIMULATION ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Earl Sasser ◽  
Thomas H. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
National Science

This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation, GS-1104, for the project entitled Design of computer simulation experiments for economic systems.

Temperature effects in non-symmetric three-component counter-streaming electron plasmas: theory and computer simulation experiments

1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cuperman ◽  
M. Mond ◽  
I. Roth ◽  
L. Gomberoff
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Background Temperature

Temperature effects on the electrostatic instability of non-symmetric electron plasma systems consisting of two warm counter-streaming beams and of warm background particles are investigated linearly (analytically and numerically) and nonlinearly (by computer simulation experiments) for the case of Heaviside and moderately warm Maxwellian particle distribution functions. The non-symmetry is due to unequal temperatures, streaming velocities and particle densities in the beams. Other variable parameters investigated are the relative thermal velocities of the beams and background as well as the relative background particle concentration. When the beam temperatures are unequal, unstable waves with Re ω > 0 and propagating in the direction of the beam with lower temperature occur; this is in contrast to the equal temperature symmetric two-stream case, in which the unstable waves have Re ω = 0 (standing waves) and the temperature effect is only to decrease the growth rate. When three warm components are present in the system, the following results hold: (i) the beam temperatures have the effect of decreasing the importance of the unstable standing waves with Re ω > 0 (and growth rate yB) relative to the waves with Re w = 0 (growth rate yA) which occur in cold three-component symmetric systems; in addition to this, both γA, max and γB, max decrease with increasing temperature; (ii) the background temperature has the general effect of reducing the absolute maximum growth rate. For relative background temperatures above a certain critical value, a separation (in k and ω spaces) of regions B and A occurs; γA, max increases and γB, max decreases with increasing relative background temperature.

The Wind-Sand Flux Structure of Grassland on the Northern Foot of Yinshan Mountain

2014 ◽  
Vol 668-669 ◽  
pp. 1530-1537
Author(s):  
Hong Tao Jiang ◽  
Chun Rong Guo ◽  
Chun Xing Hai ◽  
Shan Shan Sun ◽  
Yun Hu Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Sand Flux ◽  
Soil Flux ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Better Than

Sand samplers were layed out in the grassland located in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain for collecting soil flux samples from 0 to 1.5m height above the surface from Mar., 1, 2008 to Feb., 29, 2009.Exponential and Power functions were both used for describing vertical distribution of sand flux in the grassland, the results indicated that determination coefficient of Power function varied from 0.898 to 0.992 while 0.432 to 0.661 for exponential function. Power function is better than exponential function in describing the vertical distribution of both annual and seasonal soil flux, summer excluded. Annual cumulative percentage of each height was determined indirectly according to the power function mentioned above, the result indicated that up to 2m height,15-25% of soil flux concentrated with in 10cm above the surface,25-35% of soil flux concentrated within 20cm above the surface,30-40% of soil flux concentrated within 30 cm above the surface, 43-54% of soil flux concentrated within 50 cm above the surface,85-90% of soil flux concentrated within 150 cm above the surface, respectively. No significant differences of soil flux structures in spring, autumn, winter and in the whole year were found. The research on wind erosion of grassland in the vertical direction more dispersed, in the height range of sediment accumulated percentage was lower than that of the previous research.

Characterization of processing pores and their relevance to the strength in alumina ceramics

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 3370-3374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Mineyuki Inoue ◽  
Nozomu Uchida ◽  
Keizo Uematsu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Alumina Ceramics ◽  
Simple Power Function ◽  
Measured Strength ◽  
Good Agreement

Characterization of bulk defects was successfully accomplished in alumina with a transmission optical microscope. The characterization technique used is based on the fact that many ceramics are essentially transparent. Most defects in this particular ceramic were found to be pore. Their size distribution was found to follow a simple power function. With these characteristics of defects, the strength distribution of the ceramics was calculated with Baratta's model and compared to the measured strength of the ceramics. A good agreement was found between them when the pore was assumed to be accompanied with cracks 4 times the length of the grain size.

Confrontation of the BCF theory and computer simulation experiments with measured (R, σ) curves

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bennema ◽  
J. Boon ◽  
C. van Leeuwen ◽  
G. H. Gilmer
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Simulation Experiments
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