Mirror-Image Discrimination: A Purely Perceptual Measurement with Phi Motion

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Perceptual Constancy ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Conventional Tests

Mirror-image forms were used as phi stimuli in a measurement procedure rendered automatically and compellingly meaningful through the unique contribution of perceptual constancy to the determination of the threshold for phi. Because phi responses are based on unlearned behavior, the pretraining required on conventional tests is eliminated, and a purer measurement of discrimination ability is attained. Using the phi technique, it was found that a group of 12 5-yr.-olds could discriminate like-oriented from mirror-image stimuli as well as did 12 adults.

Evaluation of flow injection analysis for determination of urea in sheep's and cow's milk

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Baumgartner ◽  
Martina Flöck ◽  
Petra Winter ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Routine Diagnostics ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Teflon Membrane ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Spectral Photometry

Difficulties in measuring the urea content in sheep's milk often occur with spectral photometry due to the high protein and fat concentrations of the milk. In this study an enzymatic flow procedure (QuickChem 8000 Ion Analyser, Lachat Instruments, Milwaukee, USA) to determine the urea content in ovine and bovine milk was evaluated. Urea content is determined by the Berthelot reaction after splitting it enzymatically with urease. The free ammonia diffuses through a teflon membrane into a stream of reagent solutions. Detection takes place by means of a reaction between the ammonium ions with hypochlorite and salicylate producing a green colour, which is measured spectrometrically in a flow meter at 660 nm. By using a diffusion cell chemical deproteinisation of milk is not necessary and capacity is high. The assessed procedure exhibited high accuracy and precision and reached a sample capacity of 55 samples an hour. Storage of the milk samples for several days as well as chemical preservation with bronopol had no effect on the measurement procedure. Due to the complexity of the apparatus and the costs associated therewith, the device proves less suitable for routine diagnostics but rather serves as a reference method for the measurement of urea concentration in milk.

Validation of an in-house measurement procedure for determination of selected priority hazardous substances in water and estimation of measurement uncertainty

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Kragulj Isakovski ◽  
Jelena Molnar Jazić ◽  
Snežana Maletić ◽  
Aleksandra Tubić ◽  
Jasmina Agbaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Hazardous Substances

Instability of the anteroposterior axis in spontaneous double abdomen (sda), a genetic variant of Chironomus samoensis (Diptera, Chironomidae)

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Kuhn ◽  
J. Percy ◽  
M. Laurel ◽  
K. Kalthoff
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Anterior Pole ◽  
Spontaneous Formation ◽  
Pole Cells ◽  
Anterior Segments ◽  
Egg Polarity

We have isolated a laboratory strain of Chironomus samoensis in which determination of the anteroposterior egg polarity is disturbed. Most conspicuous is the spontaneous formation of ‘double abdomen’ embryos where head and thorax are replaced by a mirror image of the abdomen. Such double abdomens are found in about half of the egg clusters in this strain, which we call the spontaneous double abdomen (sda) strain as opposed to the normal (N) strain. Also observed in the sda strain, although less frequently, are ‘double cephalon’ embryos showing a mirror-image duplication of cephalic segments in the absence of thorax and abdomen. Moreover, embryos from the sda strain tend to form cells at the anterior pole resembling the pole cells at the posterior pole. Reciprocal crossings between the sda and the N strain indicate that the sda trait is inherited maternally. Spontaneous double abdomen formation is correlated with signs of disturbed egg architecture, including extruded yolk and detached cells. Double cephalons can also be generated by centrifuging embryos from the N strain, whereas centrifugation of sda embryos produces mostly double abdomens. Double abdomen formation can be induced experimentally by anterior u.v. irradiation of embryos from either strain. The sda trait and u.v. irradiation act in a synergistic fashion. The data suggest that the sda trait may be caused by one or more genomic mutations interfering indirectly with the activity of anterior determinants, i.e. cytoplasmic RNP particles necessary for the development of anterior segments. The sda defects may be ascribed to alterations in cytoskeletal components involved in anchoring anterior determinants and segregating them into anterior blastoderm cells.

Probability of Load-Carrying Ability of Two-Profile Chain Drives

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petro D. Kryvyy ◽  
Ihor M. Bey ◽  
Oksana I. Shymanska ◽  
Petro P. Kryvyy
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Chain Drive ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Drive Roller ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Dimension Type ◽  
Chain Drives ◽  
Unit Pressure

Abstract The analysis of the available calculation methods of chain-drives load-carrying ability is given according to the criterion of the tolerance unit pressure in a single profile chain joint [p]0. It is shown, that the values of [p]0 were determined according to the deterministic ideas without consideration of the distribution law of both random varieties of contact step of inner and outer rings and lengths of drive strands of the first and second profile of the chain drive. Probability task of determination of the tolerance unit pressure in two profile chain joints [p0]q is solved, when the structural, technological and physical-mechanical characteristic of the chain, that is, the lengths of drive strand of a chain-drive, accuracy of contact steps and stiffness of a drive roller chain are considered. The measurement procedure and the empirical dependencies for determination of drive roller chains deformation and stiffness are presented. As a result, the dependencies for the determination of [p0]q as the basic criterion according to which selection of a chain dimension-type, as well as characteristics used for the comparative estimation of a drive chain quality of different manufacturers when certain probability estimations are taken into consideration, were obtained.

Odours Grab His Hand but Not Hers

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p6286 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1886-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Tubaldi ◽  
Caterina Ansuini ◽  
Roberto Tirindelli ◽  
Umberto Castiello
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Evolutionary Theories ◽  
Olfactory Information ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Olfactory Abilities ◽  
Odour Perception ◽  
Human Odour

Gender is important for the determination of olfactory abilities. Previous reports on gender differences in human odour perception claimed that the sensitivity and discrimination ability of females for odours is superior to that of males. Evolutionary theories, however, open up the possibility of an interesting dissociation between females and males in terms of odour processing: there is an advantage for women for the perceptual aspects of olfactory stimuli and an advantage for men when translating perceptual olfactory information into action. In line with this hypothesis our observations suggest that encoding odours has the ability to guide the movement of males but not that of females.

Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of composite materials in a wide range of values at room temperature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Chistov ◽  
M.Yu. Kladov ◽  
I.B. Pronin ◽  
A.S. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Thermal Mode ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Transfer Problems ◽  
Range Of Values

In developing new composite materials and solving heat transfer problems, the thermal conductivity is an important characteristic that must be reliably determined. This often requires samples of the smallest dimensions, which is relevant for the production of pilot batches of material, as well as if they are taken directly from the product, when the amount of material is very limited. Most common methods for determining thermal conductivity require samples of relatively large sizes. To measure thermal conductivity on small-sized samples, an upgraded benchtop instrument is introduced. The instrument uses the relative method of longitudinal heat flux, which consists in a comparative measurement of a sample located between the heater and the standard in a stationary thermal mode. This paper presents the instrument design details, the requirements for the samples, explains the calibration features and the measurement procedure. The measurement results in a number of composite materials, as well as in materials with well-studied properties are analyzed. Findings show that the error of determining the thermal conductivity on a modernized instrument does not exceed several percent.

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