Numerosity Discrimination of Tactile Stimuli

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Posey ◽  
Michael R. James
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Numerosity Discrimination ◽  
Group Feedback ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Discrimination Level ◽  
Correct Discrimination

The ability of 40 college students to discriminate the number of tactile stimuli presented simultaneously was measured in two experiments. Stimulation was provided by 12 solenoids fixed to points on the arms and legs. Exp. I showed a mean correct discrimination level of between 1.55 and 2.10 solenoids. Exp. II compared discrimination of numerosity by a group who received immediate feedback with a no-feedback control group. Feedback produced a small increase in this ability. However, the most stimulation points correctly discriminated did not exceed three. The data are discussed in terms of the possible role of cutaneous masking.

Role of Immediate Feedback in a Personalized System of Instruction: Evidence of a Negative Impact

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances M. Haemmerlie
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Feedback Condition ◽  
Personalized Instruction ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Personalized System Of Instruction ◽  
Personalized System ◽  
Measures Of Performance

The longstanding emphasis on immediate feedback in Personalized System of Instruction techniques was considered. Two studies investigated the effects of various feedback intervals in personalized instruction on measures of performance, retention, and preference of college students. The first study ( N = 10) indicated that an after-each-item feedback condition more negatively affected performance, preference, and recall than did feedback provided after the examination. Findings of the second study ( N = 12) replicated this effect by comparing after-each-item feedback with after-the-exam feedback and feedback given the next day with a minimal-feedback control condition. In all cases, feedback after-each-item provided the worst results. Further, even though both showed better effects on recall than did the control condition, after-the-examination and next-day-feedback conditions did not differ.

scholarly journals Physical activity, approach-avoidance temperament and depressive symptoms

Kinesiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Cecchini ◽  
Javier Fernandez-Río ◽  
Antonio Mendez-Gimenez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intraindividual Change ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Lower Limits

The goal was to assess the connections between vigorous physical activity (VPA), approach-avoidance temperament and depressive symptoms. Two studies were conducted. Study 1, correlational, to assess the mediating role of both dimensions of temperament, approach-avoidance contrast, between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Participants, 335 college students, completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Depressive Symptoms Scale (DSS) and the Approach-Avoidance Temperament Questionnaire (Ap-AvTQ). Results showed that approach-avoidance contrast could be considered a potential mediator between VPA and depressive symptoms. The global model was significant, F(2, 351)=3.22, p<.001, R2=14.91%, R2 adjusted=14.42%, and the bootstrapped upper and lower limits did not contain zero with the lower limit at -.05 and the upper at -14, suggesting a connection between VPA and depressive symptoms mediated by the approach-avoidance contrast temperament. Study 2, longitudinal, to test if a physical activity program could produce changes in approach-avoidance contrast temperament, manipulating the depressive symptoms. A VPA program was conducted with 149 college students. Participants completed the DSS and the Ap-AvTQ. The true intraindividual change modeling technique, a more direct approach to modeling interindividual differences in intraindividual change without using a control group, showed that participants’ depressive symptoms were predicted through the mediation of the approach-avoidance contrast temperament (γ=-.36, p<.001). VPA was positively linked to the approach-avoidance contrast temperament that was negatively connected to depressive symptoms, and negatively linked to the approach-avoidance contrast temperament that was positively connected to depressive symptoms. It seems possible to influence depressive symptoms through approach-avoidance contrast temperament using VPA.

The Role of Social Anxiety in a Brief Alcohol Intervention for Heavy-Drinking College Students

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith A. Terlecki ◽  
Julia D. Buckner ◽  
Mary E. Larimer ◽  
Amy L. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcohol Intervention ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

The Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) reduces alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among undergraduates, yet variability in outcomes exists. Identifying individual difference variables related to outcomes could inform efforts to improve treatment protocols. The current study evaluated the role of social anxiety during BASICS. High socially anxious (HSA; n = 26) and low socially anxious (LSA; n = 44) heavy-drinking undergraduates were randomly assigned to BASICS (n = 38) or an assessment-only control (n = 32). HSA patients reported higher baseline alcohol consumption (typical drinks, weekly quantity, and frequency). BASICS significantly decreased weekly alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems relative to the control group. Social anxiety moderated outcomes such that in the BASICS condition; HSA patients reported heavier typical drinks at posttest, even after controlling for referral status, baseline typical drinks, and trait anxiety. This was not the case in the control group. HSA patients may benefit from social anxiety-specific interventions during BASICS.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

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