Comparison of Deaf and Hearing Children on Body-Object Localization

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Comalli ◽  
Stephanie Schmidt ◽  
Morton W. Altshuler
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Object Localization ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Hearing Children

20 profoundly deaf and 20 normal hearing children from ages 10 to 13 were compared as to their ability to locate visually the position of apparent vertical and the apparent location of the longitudinal axis of the body under erect and 30° left and right body-tilt. Both deaf and normal hearing children were able accurately to locate a rod to the apparent visual vertical, but deaf children were significantly more accurate in aligning a rod to their apparent body-position than hearing children. This finding is discussed from both a learning view and from a hypothesis of developmental lag.

Body-Tilt and Visual Verticality Perception During Multiple Cycles of Roll Rotation

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 2264-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A.A. Vingerhoets ◽  
W. P. Medendorp ◽  
J.A.M. Van Gisbergen
Keyword(s):  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Subjective Visual Vertical ◽  
Egocentric Bias ◽  
Leaky Integrator ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Roll Tilt

To assess the effects of degrading canal cues for dynamic spatial orientation in human observers, we tested how judgments about visual-line orientation in space (subjective visual vertical task, SVV) and estimates of instantaneous body tilt (subjective body-tilt task, SBT) develop in the course of three cycles of constant-velocity roll rotation. These abilities were tested across the entire tilt range in separate experiments. For comparison, we also obtained SVV data during static roll tilt. We found that as tilt increased, dynamic SVV responses became strongly biased toward the head pole of the body axis (A-effect), as if body tilt was underestimated. However, on entering the range of near-inverse tilts, SVV responses adopted a bimodal pattern, alternating between A-effects (biased toward head-pole) and E-effects (biased toward feet-pole). Apart from an onset effect, this tilt-dependent pattern of systematic SVV errors repeated itself in subsequent rotation cycles with little sign of worsening performance. Static SVV responses were qualitatively similar and consistent with previous reports but showed smaller A-effects. By contrast, dynamic SBT errors were small and unimodal, indicating that errors in visual-verticality estimates were not caused by errors in body-tilt estimation. We discuss these results in terms of predictions from a canal-otolith interaction model extended with a leaky integrator and an egocentric bias mechanism. We conclude that the egocentric-bias mechanism becomes more manifest during constant velocity roll-rotation and that perceptual errors due to incorrect disambiguation of the otolith signal are small despite the decay of canal signals.

scholarly journals Tilted 3D visual scenes − A new therapy approach for pusher syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Nestmann ◽  
Lisa Roehrig ◽  
Bjoern Mueller ◽  
Winfried Ilg ◽  
Hans-Otto Karnath
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Method ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Active Resistance ◽  
Pusher Syndrome ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Hemiparetic Stroke ◽  
New Treatment

Hemiparetic stroke patients with 'pusher syndrome' use their non-paretic extremities to push towards their paralyzed side and actively resist external posture correction. The disorder is associated with a distorted perception of postural vertical combined with a maintained, or little deviating perception of visual upright. With the aim of reducing this mismatch, and thus reducing pushing behavior, we manipulated the orientation of visual input in a virtual reality setup. We presented healthy subjects and an acute stroke patient with severe pusher syndrome a 3D visual scene that was either upright or tilted in roll plane by 20°. By moving the sitting participants in roll plane to the left and right, we assessed the occurrence of active pushing behavior, namely the active resistance to external posture manipulation. With the 3D visual scene oriented upright, the patient with pusher syndrome showed the typical active resistance against tilts towards the ipsilesional side. He used his non-paretic arm to block the examiner's attempt to move the body axis towards that side. With the visual scene tilted to the ipsiversive left, his pathological resistance was significantly reduced. Statistically, the tolerated body tilt angles no longer differed from those of healthy controls. We conclude that even short presentations of tilted 3D visual input can reduce pusher symptoms. The technique provides potential for a new treatment method of pusher syndrome and offers a simple, straightforward approach that can be effortlessly integrated in clinical practice.

Proprioceptive hair cells on the neck of the squid Lolliguncula brevis :a sense organ in cephalopods for the control of head-to-body position

1995 ◽  
Vol 349 (1328) ◽  
pp. 153-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Posterior Group ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Head Roll ◽  
Lolliguncula Brevis

Decapod cephalopods, such as cuttlefishes and squids, have a distinct neck region that allows movements (roll, pitch and yaw) of the head relative to the body. This paper describes the structure, innervation and central pathways of proprioceptive hair cells on the neck of the squid Lolliguncula brevis that sense such movements and control head-to-body position. These hair cells exist on the dorsal side of the neck underneath the nuchal cartilage, close to the animal’s midline on either side of the nuchal crest. On each side, the hair cells can be divided into an anterior and a posterior group of 25—35 and 70—80 cells, respectively. An individual hair cell carries up to 300 kinocilia of equal length (about 30 pm), arranged in up to seven rows. The hair cells of the left and right anterior group are morphologically polarized in the medial direction, whereas the hair cells of the left and right posterior group are polarized in the anterior direction. The hair cells are primary sensory cells. They are innervated by a branch of the postorbital nerve and project ipsilaterally into the ventral part of the ventral magnocellular lobe. Efferent synaptic contacts are present at the base of the hair cells. In behavioural tests the influence of the neck hair cells on head position control was investigated. During imposed body rolls, a unilateral deafferentation of the cells caused an asymmetric change of the compensatory head roll response and elicited a head roll offset to the operated side. Bilateral deafferentation of the cells elicited a downward head pitch offset. This offset was superimposed on the compensatory head pitch response during imposed body pitch. These morphological and behavioural findings show that the neck hair cells and the associated nuchal cartilage structures of Lolliguncula brevis form a neck receptor organ that, together with statocyst an visua inputs, controls the position of the animal’s head and body.

scholarly journals Imitation of Nonwords by Deaf Children after Cochlear Implantation: Preliminary Findings

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Cleary ◽  
Caitlin Dillon ◽  
David B. Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Component Processes ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Repetition Task

Fourteen prelingually deafened pediatric users of the Nucleus-22 cochlear implant were asked to imitate auditorily presented nonwords. The children's utterances were recorded, digitized, and broadly transcribed. The target patterns and the children's imitations were then played back to normal-hearing adult listeners in order to obtain perceptual judgments of repetition accuracy. The results revealed wide variability in the children's ability to repeat the novel sound sequences. Individual differences in the component processes of encoding, memory, and speech production were strongly reflected in the nonword repetition scores. Duration of deafness before implantation also appeared to be a factor associated with imitation performance. Linguistic analyses of the initial consonants in the nonwords revealed that coronal stops were imitated best, followed by the coronal fricative /s/, and then the labial and velar stops. Labial fricatives were poorly imitated. The theoretical significance of the nonword repetition task as it has been used in past studies of working memory and vocabulary development in normal-hearing children is discussed.

Auditory, Visual, and Auditory-Visual Recognition of Consonants by Children with Normal and Impaired Hearing

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman P. Erber
Keyword(s):  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Information ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Visual Reception ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Better Than

The consonants /b, d, g, k, m, n, p, t/ were presented to normal-hearing, severely hearing-impaired, and profoundly deaf children through auditory, visual, and combined auditory-visual modalities. Through lipreading alone, all three groups were able to discriminate between the places of articulation (bilabial, alveolar, velar) but not within each place category. When they received acoustic information only, normal-hearing children recognized the consonants nearly perfectly, and severely hearing-impaired children distinguished accurately between voiceless plosives, voiced plosives, and nasal consonants. However, the scores of the profoundly deaf group were low, and they perceived even voicing and nasality cues unreliably. Although both the normal-hearing and the severely hearing-impaired groups achieved nearly perfect recognition scores through simultaneous auditory-visual reception, the performance of the profoundly deaf children was only slightly better than that which they demonstrated through lipreading alone.

Vestibular Deficits in Deaf Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Selz ◽  
Marian Girardi ◽  
Horst R. Konrad ◽  
Larry F. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Spontaneous Nystagmus ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Hereditary Deafness ◽  
Balance System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Future Evaluation

Considerable knowledge has been accumulated regarding acquired and congenital deafness in children. However, despite the intimate relationship between the auditory and vestibular systems, data are limited regarding the status of the balance system in these children. Using a test population of 15 children, aged 8 to 17 years, we performed electronystagmography testing. The test battery consisted of the eye-tracking (gaze nystagmus, spontaneous nystagmus, saccade, horizontal pursuit and optokinetic) tests, positional/positioning (Dix-Hallpike and supine) tests, and rotational chair tests. With age-matched controls, five children were tested in each of the following three categories: normal hearing, hereditary deafness, and acquired deafness. The children in the hereditary deafness category were congenitally deaf and had a family history of deafness. Those subjects in the acquired deafness category had hearing loss before the age of 2 years, after meningitis. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences between the two deaf groups and the control subjects in the gaze nystagmus test, saccade latencies, horizontal pursuit phase, and Dix-Hallpike and supine positionally provoked nystagmus. Also, significant differences were found in rotational chair gain and phase between the deaf and normal-hearing children. The children with acquired deafness exhibited the most profound results. In addition, there were significant differences in rotational chair gain between the acquired and congenitally deaf children. No differences were noted in horizontal pursuit gains, saccade accuracies, or saccade asymmetries. These preliminary data demonstrate that the etiologic factors responsible for congenital and acquired deafness in children may indeed affect the balance system as well. These findings of possible balance disorders in conjunction with the profound hearing loss in this patient population will have prognostic implications in the future evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation of these patients.

scholarly journals Multisensory contribution in visuospatial orientation: an interaction between neck and trunk proprioception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason McCarthy ◽  
Patricia Castro ◽  
Rachael Cottier ◽  
Joseph Buttell ◽  
Qadeer Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Body Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Inputs ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
The Right ◽  
Trunk Position ◽  
The Brain

AbstractA coherent perception of spatial orientation is key in maintaining postural control. To achieve this the brain must access sensory inputs encoding both the body and the head position and integrate them with incoming visual information. Here we isolated the contribution of proprioception to verticality perception and further investigated whether changing the body position without moving the head can modulate visual dependence—the extent to which an individual relies on visual cues for spatial orientation. Spatial orientation was measured in ten healthy individuals [6 female; 25–47 years (SD 7.8 years)] using a virtual reality based subjective visual vertical (SVV) task. Individuals aligned an arrow to their perceived gravitational vertical, initially against a static black background (10 trials), and then in other conditions with clockwise and counterclockwise background rotations (each 10 trials). In all conditions, subjects were seated first in the upright position, then with trunk tilted 20° to the right, followed by 20° to the left while the head was always aligned vertically. The SVV error was modulated by the trunk position, and it was greater when the trunk was tilted to the left compared to right or upright trunk positions (p < 0.001). Likewise, background rotation had an effect on SVV errors as these were greater with counterclockwise visual rotation compared to static background and clockwise roll motion (p < 0.001). Our results show that the interaction between neck and trunk proprioception can modulate how visual inputs affect spatial orientation.

scholarly journals Influence of deafness in children’s motor development and balance

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaize C. Souza Lima ◽  
Maria C. da Cunha Pereira ◽  
Renato de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Somatosensory Information ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Base Of Support

The present study had two main purposes. The first purpose was to investigate the contribution of visual and somatosensory information to postural control in deaf children. The second purpose was to investigate the motor development of deaf children measured through the Motor Development Scale (MDS). Deaf and normal hearing children of the same chronological age were asked to stand on three different bases of support (single-limb, bipedal, and Romberg). For each base of support, the availability of visual information and the quality of somatosensory information manipulated by using a foam surface were combined. Children were also assessed through the MDS. Results related to postural control pointed out that deaf children exhibited a reduction on the time they stayed on the single-limb standing, especially for firm surface. Besides, the manipulation of visual information and the quality of somatosensory information diminished the time that participants stayed on both single-limb and Romberg standings. Relative to the MDS, results showed that deaf children exhibited a smaller motor age than normal hearing children for the temporal organization component of the test.  

Adaptation of the Visual Vertical during Prolonged Body Tilt Varies with Susceptibility to Motion Sickness

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-458
Author(s):  
Colin B. Pitblado ◽  
Charles S. Mirabile ◽  
John E. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Session Change ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Visual Reference Frame

Judgments of the visual, vertical, made without a visual reference frame-work, from a tilted-body position, result in systematic constant errors (Aubert effects). Pitblado and Mirabile (1977) showed that these errors vary with motion-sickness susceptibility, persons of intermediate susceptibility showing the greatest error. Recent exploratory work suggested patterns of progressive intra-session change in Aubert effects which might further differentiate groups of differing susceptibility. The raw data from Pitblado and Mirabile's 1977 study were reanalyzed for possible progressive change. This new analysis showed significant progressive reductions in Aubert effects for groups originally high and low, but a nearly significant increase in the intermediate group. New implications concerning group differences in vestibular function are discussed.

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