Role of Subjective Probability in Mediating the Relationship between Word Frequency and Recognition of Error

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris B. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Subjective Probability ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

In a previous study a negative relationship between word frequency and ease of recognition of error in a proofreading task was noted. This finding was tentatively explained by the mediating role of subjective word probability, an hypothesis supported in subsequent work with a different proofreading task. In the present study 50 graduate students provided measures of subjective word probability for the 66 typographical errors employed in the first study. The mediating role of word probability was again supported by significant relationships between this variable and word frequency ( t = 1.82, df = 64, p < .05) and recognition of error ( t = −2.18, df = 62, p < .05) and by the disappearance of the relationship between the latter two variables when word probability was controlled ( t = −1.36, df = 61).

Experiencing workplace ostracism with loss of engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 617-630
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Xu ◽  
Ho Kwong Kwan ◽  
Miaomiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Job Engagement ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Workplace Ostracism ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeDrawing on social exchange theory and a cultural perspective, this study examines the relationship between workplace ostracism and job engagement by focusing on the mediating role of felt obligation and the moderating role of collectivism.Design/methodology/approachA two-wave survey was conducted over four months in a private service business in China. The participants comprised 108 Chinese employees.FindingsThe results indicate that workplace ostracism has a negative relationship with job engagement through a reduced sense of felt obligation. Collectivism strengthens the main effect of workplace ostracism on felt obligation and its indirect effect on job engagement via felt obligation.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to understanding of the internal mechanism of the workplace ostracism–job engagement model by identifying the mediating role of felt obligation. It also emphasizes that collectivist cultures can enhance the effects of workplace ostracism. However, the generalizability of our findings may be limited due to this cultural factor.Practical implicationsOur findings show that workplace ostracism plays a significant role in reducing job engagement. Therefore, it is essential to reduce the incidence of ostracism in the workplace.Originality/valueBy addressing the previously unexplored mechanism that mediates the relationship between workplace ostracism and job engagement, this study provides new directions for research on workplace ostracism and job engagement.

scholarly journals Relationship of Forgiveness and Feeling of Loneliness with Attitudes toward Marital Infidelity Regarding the Moderating Role of Marital Satisfaction in Married Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Interpersonal Forgiveness ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Marital Infidelity ◽  
Correlation And Path Analysis ◽  
Married Students ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Marital infidelity is a major factor that affects the strength, durability, and mental health of families. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of marital satisfaction in the causal relationships between forgiveness and the feeling of loneliness with attitudes toward marital infidelity in married students. Materials and Methods: This causal-correlational and field study was conducted on 211 married students who were selected from Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, during the academic year 2018-2019 through convenience sampling. The data were collected using the Interpersonal Forgiveness Inventory, Russell’s Loneliness Scale, Whatley’s Attitude towards Infidelity Scale, and ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire. Furthermore, the data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 24) through descriptive and inferential statistics, including mean±SD, Pearson’s correlation, and path analysis. Results: A direct and negative relationship was observed between forgiveness and attitudes toward marital infidelity (β=-0.181, P=0.013); feeling of loneliness and marital satisfaction (β=-0.252, P=0.001); and marital satisfaction and attitudes toward marital infidelity (β=-0.418, P=0.001). Furthermore, there was a direct and positive relationship between forgiveness and marital satisfaction (β=0.517, P=0.001). Eventually, there was no significant direct relationship between the feeling of loneliness and attitudes toward marital infidelity (β=-0.029, P=0.652). The results of path analysis indicated that marital satisfaction had a mediating role in the relationship between forgiveness and attitude towards marital infidelity (β=-0.165, P=0.001), as well as the association between the feeling of loneliness and attitude towards marital infidelity (β=0.138, P=0.002). Conclusion: The results showed a good fit for the proposed model in this study. Moreover, marital satisfaction played an important role in the relationship between forgiveness and the feeling of loneliness with the attitude toward marital infidelity.

scholarly journals Effects of Brand Hate on Brand Equity: The Role of Corporate Social Irresponsibility and Similar Competitor Offer

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Mudassir Husnain ◽  
Fauzia Syed ◽  
Waheed Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Usman
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Corporate Social Irresponsibility ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brand Hate

This paper summarises the arguments and counterarguments based on the assumptions of the theory of hate. The study is aimed at testing the mediating role of brand hate elicited in the relationship among the similar competitor offer, corporate social irresponsibility and brand equity. The study sample consisted of 550 participants from the education sector in Pakistan. The methodological tool of the research was structural equation modelling. Purposive sampling technique was used to reach the appropriate respondents for the study. This study was time-lagged conducted in three times data periods: in Time 1 a total of 800 surveys were distributed, out of which 722 were returned from respondents; in Time 2 722 surveys were distributed to same respondents, out of which 600 were returned; in Time 3 600 surveys were again distributed to the same respondents, out of which 550 were returned. The obtained results confirmed the mediating role of brand hate. Herewith, findings revealed that due to similar offers individual feelings such as loss of self-individuality usually developed and be negatively perceived. Thus, it yields to decline in product value. Likewise, corporate social irresponsibility found to have a more negative relationship with brand equity. Results of the current study revealed that negative feelings due to the similarity in competitor offer could stem from diverse sources. Therefore, it could result in an undesired personality self-loss, if a brand represented a similar brand as its competitors ultimately perceived negative and yielded a decline in value of product/service. The current study also unveiled that corporate social irresponsibility is a strong predictor of negative feelings. Corporate social irresponsibility motivates consumers towards brand hate, thus hampering brand equity. According to the mentioned above, there must be careful management of corporate social responsibility to avoid the negative effect on brand equity. In turn, brand hate mediating the relationship between similarity to competitor offer and brand equity alters consumer perception towards a brand. Thus, companies must fulfil consumers’ expectations to minimise brand hate which eventually increases brand equity. This study stands novel and considered as the first attempt to empirically explore the role of similarity to competitor offer and corporate social irresponsibility in eliciting brand hate that could adversely affect on brand equity. The study provided the limitations for future researchers, implications for managers and future directions. Keywords duplex theory of hate, tetra-Pak consumer, similar competitor offer, brand hate, brand equity, corporate social irresponsibility.

Role Stress and Affective Commitment: Mediator Analysis of Employee Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-480
Author(s):  
Prabhjot Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Employee Satisfaction ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Role Stress ◽  
Employee Attitudes ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Emotional Commitment ◽  
The Relationship

With an emerging competition and advance job requirements, the need to understand the role stress (RS) is becoming apparent. Literature indicates that RS negatively relates to employee attitudes, actions, and satisfaction and emotional commitment. However, it would be very interesting to understand the essential apparatus of role stress (RS)–affective commitment (AC) relationship. For this, the present research also studies the mediating role of employee satisfaction (ES). By using convenience sampling, the present research included 349 employees who work in the service sector of Punjab and Chandigarh. The results were analysed with the help of hierarchical multiple regression and bootstrapping in SPSS to study the intervening effect. The present study shows an empirical confirmation that there is a negative relationship between RS, AC and ES. Findings have also suggested the mediating influence of employee satisfaction in the relationship between RS and AC.

scholarly journals The Spiritual Role of a Leader in Sustaining Work Engagement: A Teacher-Perceived Paradigm

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824401986356
Author(s):  
Adnan Ahmed Sheikh ◽  
Aneeq Inam ◽  
Anila Rubab ◽  
Usama Najam ◽  
Naeem Ahmad Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Spiritual Leadership ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Organizational Benefits ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spiritual Leadership Theory

Work engagement is arguably one of the key challenges confronted by the higher education sector of Pakistan. Therefore, it is important to understand the diverse perspectives of work engagement in this sector. This study examines the effect of job demand and spiritual leadership on work engagement in public universities of Pakistan through the mediating role of burnout and moderating effect of spiritual leadership between job demand and burnout and between burnout and work engagement. The study framework was established from theories, namely, the job demand-resource theory and the spiritual leadership theory. The respondents were 271 faculty members working in different universities of Pakistan. The findings show a significant relationship between job demand and burnout and between burnout and work engagement. Moreover, the results show a positive relationship between spiritual leadership with work engagement and negative relationship with burnout. However, the findings show the insignificant direct relationship between job demand and work engagement, whereas burnout mediates the relationship between job demand, spiritual leadership, and work engagement. Interestingly, spiritual leadership plays an important role in moderating the relationship between burnout and work engagement but does not moderate the relationship between job demand and burnout. Besides, the findings of the study will redound to organizational benefits by enriching research on the area of burnout and work engagement, which is so far in its infancy by referring to its potential antecedent and moderating variable. Finally, the study will be useful for both organizations and employees to achieve desired outcomes.

Mindfulness and Suicide Ideation in Iranian Cardiovascular Patients: Testing the Mediating Role of Patience

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Hashemi ◽  
Ahmed A. Moustafa ◽  
Leila Rahmati Kankat ◽  
Ahmad Valikhani
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to explore the mediating role of patience on the relationship between mindfulness and suicide ideation. To do so, 110 patients with cardiovascular diseases were recruited from the outpatient Clinic of Imam Reza in the city of Shiraz in Iran. These patients completed The Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire, Patience Scale, and Suicide Ideation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between mindfulness and patience ( r = .32, p < .001). There was a significant negative relationship between patience and suicide ideation ( r = −.36, p < .001). The results of mediating model showed that patience functioned as a mediator in the relationship between mindfulness and suicide ideation among patients with cardiovascular diseases ( β = −.33, p = .005). According to these findings, it can be claimed that mindfulness affects patients’ suicidal thoughts negatively through patience.

The mediating effect of English usage on Facebook on the relationship between shyness and English as a foreign language achievement in university students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-461
Author(s):  
Po-Chi Kao
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
University Students ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
English Usage ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine a conceptualized three-dimensional construct to test whether English usage on Facebook plays a mediating role in the relationships between shyness and English as a foreign language (EFL) achievement. A total of 174 Taiwanese university students who were enrolled in EFL courses participated in this study. When examining the role of English usage on Facebook as a mediator in the relationship between shyness and EFL achievement, I found that English usage on Facebook was negatively associated with shyness, but positively associated with EFL achievement. The results indicated that English usage on Facebook partially mediated the relationship between shyness and EFL achievement. The strength of the mediating effect suggested that English usage on Facebook explained part of the negative relationship between shyness and EFL achievement. The findings may provide valuable and useful information for linguistic and psychological research in pedagogical contexts.

Exchange ideology and employee creativity: a moderated mediation analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1375-1395
Author(s):  
Zhigang Song ◽  
Qinxuan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Moral Leadership ◽  
Employee Creativity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Exchange Ideology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relationship between exchange ideology and employee creativity based on the social exchange perspective. It also attempts to examine the mediating role of perceived shared leadership and the moderating role of vertical moral leadership.Design/methodology/approachMultilevel and multisource data were collected from 56 research and development (R&D) teams with 306 employees. Hypotheses were tested with multilevel path analysis.FindingsThe authors found that exchange ideology was negatively related to both perceived shared leadership and employee creativity, and perceived shared leadership mediated the relationship between exchange ideology and employee creativity. Moreover, we revealed that vertical moral leadership buffered the negative relationship between employee exchange ideology and perceived shared leadership and also the indirect effect of exchange ideology on employee creativity via perceived shared leadership.Research limitations/implicationsOrganizations should select employees with a relatively weak exchange ideology when forming teams to conduct creative tasks. Moreover, team leaders should make great efforts to facilitate the development of shared leadership among team members while to be a moral leader.Originality/valueThis study extends creativity literature by investigating the effect of exchange ideology on employee creativity. It also sheds lights on leadership research by examining the mediating role of perceived shared leadership and the moderating role of vertical moral leadership.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Ostracism and Turnover Intention: Role of Commitment as a Mediator

2018 ◽  
Vol III (IV) ◽  
pp. 389-399
Author(s):  
Nazim Ali ◽  
Zahid Ali ◽  
Adnan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Basic Objective ◽  
Teaching Faculty ◽  
The Relationship

The basic objective of this study is to examine the mediating role of OC between WO and TI among the teaching faculty of universities of KP, Pakistan. Data were collected via questionnaires from 207 teachers. SPSS and Amos were used to analyze the data. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between WO and turnover intention, while a significant negative relationship between WO and OC and between OC and TI was confirmed. The results also revealed a significant partial mediation of OC between WO and turnover intention.

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