Rhythmicity and Motor Skill

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendell Liemohn
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Independent Variables

Noting lack of synchrony in the movement of retarded and learning disabled children led to the development of four tests requiring subjects to tap their hands in concert with a metronome. In this study the scores that 175 of these children made on the rhythmic tests were factor analyzed to obtain factor scoring coefficients; the latter were then used alone and with age in the regression analyses to predict performance on two fine and eight gross motor tasks. The proportions of total variance accounted for by the independent variables ranged from (a) .09 to .31 when the rhythmic factor-scoring coefficients were used alone and (b) .15 to .36 when age was included with the rhythmic factor-scoring coefficients.

scholarly journals The Predictability of Oral Reading Behaviors on Comprehension in Learning Disabled and Normal Readers

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna W. Pflaum
Keyword(s):  
Oral Reading ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Elementary Children ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Reading Behaviors ◽  
Cue Use ◽  
Meaning Change ◽  
Processing Differences

This study examined a method of studying the unique contributions to comprehension from different oral reading behaviors determined in the reading of a group of learning disabled children compared with that of a group of normal readers. Seventy-six (36 LD; 40 non-LD) elementary children participated in the task which required them to read orally a story and then retell all recalled information. Reading level was controlled, and, using a proportion of story propositions retold as the dependent variable, regression analyses were computed. With the non-LD group, no contributions to comprehension of any magnitude were due to the oral reading behaviors. With the LD group, however, two oral reading behaviors were found to provide unique contributions to the variance in comprehension. Higher rates of meaning-change errors predicted lowered comprehension, and higher rates of high phonic cue use predicted higher comprehension in the LD group. Recommendations included suggestions for further study of processing differences between disabled and normal readers.

scholarly journals The Effect of Red and Blue on Gross and Fine Motor Tasks: Confirming the Inverted-U Hypothesis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Hong ◽  
Aiai Xu ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
Lu Geng ◽  
Rong Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Better Than

Previous studies have shown that the color red can affect basic motor functioning. However, these studies utilized simple gross motor tasks rather than those assessing complex fine motor skills. Moreover, these empirical studies were theoretically based on the threat–behavior link in human and non-human animals, and neglected the relationship between arousal and motor performance. According to the Yerkes–Dodson law and the inverted-U hypothesis in sport psychology, for simple motor tasks, high arousal (associated with the color red) is more advantageous than low arousal (associated with the color blue); for complex motor tasks, low arousal (blue color) is more advantageous than high arousal (red color). The current research examined the effect of color on different kinds of motor skills (fine motor and gross motor) based on the inverted U-hypothesis. In Experiment 1, we examined the effect of red and blue on dart-throwing performance, whereas in Experiment 2, we examined the effect of red and blue on grip strength performance. The results showed that performance of fine motor skill (dart-throwing) in the blue condition was better than in the red condition, and performance of gross motor skill (handgrip) in the red context was better than in the blue context. These results indicate that the type of motor skill assessed moderates the influence of red and blue on motor performance.

Repeated Reading and Reading Fluency in Learning Disabled Children

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Rashotte ◽  
Joseph K. Torgesen
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Repeated Reading ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Disabled Children

scholarly journals Bidirectional association of neurodevelopment with growth: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Wei ◽  
Jiajin Hu ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships

Abstract Background The study aims to use the cross-lagged model and utilize data from the Born in Shenyang Cohort Study to characterize the bidirectional associations of the term-born infants’ neurodevelopment in five domains and physical growth in early life. Method This study consists of 688 mother-child dyads from the Born in Shenyang Cohort Study. Infants’ anthropometric (weight and length) and development in neurological outcomes (Gesell Development Scale) were measured at the age of 6 and 12 months. Cross-lagged analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the longitudinal relationships in both directions. Results In terms of longitudinal studies, the inverse associations between infants’ two skills (gross motor and social behavior) at the age of 6 months with BMI Z -scores at the age of 12 months (gross motor: aβ = − 0.20, 95% CI: − 0.31 to- 0.09; social behavior: aβ = − 0.23, 95% CI: − 0.33 to- 0.13) were found. Conversely, a higher infant Z -scored BMI at the age of 6 months predicted a lower gross motor at the age of 12 months (aβ = − 0.08, 95% CI: − 0.12 to- 0.04). In cross-lagged analyses, an adverse association in both directions between gross motor and Z -scored BMI was observed. Conclusion We found bidirectional relationships between infants’ neurodevelopment of gross motor with physical growth and suggested the term-born infants, who are on the edge of the developmental danger, should not be overlooked.

scholarly journals Prediction of fear of falling at 6 months after stroke based on 279 individuals from the Fall Study of Gothenburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Netha Hussain ◽  
Per-Olof Hansson ◽  
Carina U. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Baseline Factors ◽  
Postural Assessment ◽  
Function Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Scale

AbstractThe early identification of individuals at risk of fear of falling after stroke is crucial in order to individualise preventive actions and interventions. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of, and baseline factors in acute stroke that are associated with fear of falling at 6 months after stroke. Fear of falling was assessed by one question, which was answered by 279 of 452 eligible individuals. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors that were associated with fear of falling. The dependent variable was fear of falling at 6 months after stroke. The independent variables were related to function, activity and participation, including personal and environmental factors. Fear of falling was reported by 117 (41.9%) individuals. Poor postural control in acute stroke, measured using the modified version of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (odds ratio [OR]: 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–5.36), and being physically inactive prior to the stroke, measured using the Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Scale (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.01–4.12), were found to be associated with fear of falling at 6 months after stroke. The findings in this study are useful in clinical practice to optimise rehabilitation after stroke.

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