Effect of proprioceptive sensation and feedback required for motor learning on function, activity, and daily life behavior of patients after nerve injury

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of modified mirror therapy and taping therapy for providing feedback on upper extremity function, activity, and daily activities of stroke patients. Methods: This study was conducted with 20 stroke patients and randomly assigned 10 subjects to the experimental group and 10 to the control group. In the experimental group, after proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulation treatment, the mirror therapy program was implemented. In the control group, upper extremity taping was performed before proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation treatment. In this study, a prior evaluation using JTT, FIM, and MAL was performed before intervention to evaluate the patient's function and daily life behavior. Post-tests were performed after the last treatment. Results: In the paired-sample T-test used for within-group comparison of JTTs, FIM, and MAL, there was a significant difference between pre- and post-test for all groups. But there was no statistically significant difference between experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 in an independent t-test conducted to compare the effect sizes of treatments. Conclusion: In other words, by applying mirror therapy and taping therapy that can increase proprioceptive sensation and feedback information in stroke patients, upper extremity function and daily activities can be increased.

Effect of Uncaria rhynchophylla against Thioacetamide-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rat

Both oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are two fundamental pathological processes of acute liver injury (ALI). The current work is to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR) on thioacetamide- (TAA-) induced ALI in rats. UR (100 and 200 mg/kg) was orally administrated with TAA (200 mg/kg of bodyweight, intraperitoneal injection) for 3 consecutive days. ALI was confirmed using histological examination and the factors associated with OS and liver function activity measured in serum. Moreover, expressions of inflammation and collagen-related proteins were measured by the Western blot analysis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), which mediates OS in the ALI control group, was manifested by a significant rise compared with the normal group. UR significantly reduced AST, ALT, and ammonia levels in serum. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation induced by TAA led to increase both inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Whereas, UR administration remarkably suppressed such an overexpression. UR supplementation improved matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-1, -2, and -8. In contrast, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases- (TIMP-) 1 level increased significantly by UR treatment. In addition, the histopathological analysis showed that the liver tissue lesions were improved obviously by UR treatment. UR may ameliorate the effects of TAA-induced ALI in rats by suppressing both OS through MPO activation and proinflammatory factors through NF-κB activation. In conclusion, UR exhibited a potent hepatoprotective effect on ALI through the suppression of OS.

Latihan Sosialisasi Dan Senam Aerobik Low Impact Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bersosialisasi pada Pasien Isolasi Sosial

Schizophrenia is brain damage that results in impaired cognitive function, activity, language, impaired vision of reality and interpersonal relationships and has behavioral changes such as agitated and aggressive behavior. In general, it is characterized by fundamental deviations, characteristics of thoughts and perceptions, as well as the presence of an unnatural or blunt effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability to socialize in schizophrenic patients with social isolation nursing problems before and after being given socialization training and low impact aerobic exercise at the Mitra Sakti Social Welfare Institution, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. The method in this study used nursing actions in the form of socialization exercises and low impact aerobic exercise on 5 patients schizophrenic with social isolation nursing problems reported in the form of case studies. The results showed that after being given nursing actions in the form of socialization exercises and low impact aerobic exercise, the five participants increased their social skills. Nurses are expected to provide optimal application of socialization training and aerobic exercise to schizophrenic patients with social isolation nursing problems. Keywords : Low impact aerobic exercise, schizophrenia, social isolation, socialization exercises

The ICF model as a practical tool to facilitate holistic communication with individuals during their rehabilitation: A qualitative study

During rehabilitation, professionals and patients experience difficulties addressing complex issues. In a hermeneutical approach we examine how the ICF model can capture the complexity of the rehabilitation process using secondary deductive content analysis of transcripts from a previous interview study in line with COREQ. When focusing on interactions, the ICF model captures the complexity of individuals’ issues in a convincing way. Three themes were identified: ‘The influence body function, activity, participation and environment have on an individual’s ability to handle daily tasks of personal importance’, ‘The influence the environment in combination with body function, activity, and personal factors have on an individual’s ability to maintain their social roles’, and ‘The influence personal factors and body functions have on an individual’s confidence in participating in activities they like’. The findings show that the ICF model could provide a useful tool to facilitate communication regarding individuals’ complex issues that are often neglected.

RESPIRATORY MUSCLES TRAINING (RMT) TO DYSPNEA SCALE OF COPD: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

SummaryBackground: COPD can decrease patients' activity because of dyspneaObjectives: To critically evaluate the effect of RMT as a treatment of COPD.Method: Five databases were found from 2008, a randomized clinical trials (RCTs) research will be a reference if they evaluated RMT against any type of control in patients with any form of respiratory muscle weakness.Result: Five trials met the inclusion criteria. One journal has the good of sampling technic by using the COPD patient from 3 hospitals. Only four journals show the significant effect of RMT to decrease dyspnea of COPD. The impact of RMT is going to increase the lung capacity, lung function, activity, respiratory muscle straightness, and minimize the effort of breathing. Only one journal does this intervention for 12 weeks.Conclusion: The evidence for the effect of RMT to decrease the dyspnea scale has a significant impact. For future studies, it will be better to use RMT longer to get a more considerable impact.

Prediction of fear of falling at 6 months after stroke based on 279 individuals from the Fall Study of Gothenburg

The early identification of individuals at risk of fear of falling after stroke is crucial in order to individualise preventive actions and interventions. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of, and baseline factors in acute stroke that are associated with fear of falling at 6 months after stroke. Fear of falling was assessed by one question, which was answered by 279 of 452 eligible individuals. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors that were associated with fear of falling. The dependent variable was fear of falling at 6 months after stroke. The independent variables were related to function, activity and participation, including personal and environmental factors. Fear of falling was reported by 117 (41.9%) individuals. Poor postural control in acute stroke, measured using the modified version of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (odds ratio [OR]: 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–5.36), and being physically inactive prior to the stroke, measured using the Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Scale (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.01–4.12), were found to be associated with fear of falling at 6 months after stroke. The findings in this study are useful in clinical practice to optimise rehabilitation after stroke.

Feasibility of a blended therapy approach in the treatment of patients with inflammatory myopathies

Background Inflammatory myopathies (IMs) are a group of rare conditions characterized by proximal and often symmetrical muscle weakness and reduced muscle endurance. The recommended medical treatment is based on corticosteroids in combination with immunosuppressants. This anti-inflammatory therapy serves to inhibit and prevent inflammation but does not influence impaired muscle strength. Exercise, particularly progressive resistance training, plays therefore an important role in IMs management. Blended therapy, a combination of face-to-face treatment and telerehabilitation, may be a powerful therapy option in improving exercise program adherence in these patients. Methods The feasibility of a 12-week interactive tablet-based home exercise program combined with face-to-face therapy sessions – a ‘blended therapy’ approach - was evaluated using a quasi-experimental one-group pre-post comparison design. Primary outcomes were recruitment, attrition and adherence rates, plus measures of acceptance (Technology Acceptance Model Questionnaire (TAM)) and satisfaction (satisfaction questionnaire). Secondary outcomes comprised potential effects of the intervention on muscle strength and function, activity limitation, disability and health-related quality of life. Results Thirteen of the included 14 participants completed the study without any related adverse events. Mean adherence to exercise program was 84% (range: 25–100%) and participants indicated high acceptance of the intervention with mean TAM scores between 6.1 and 6.5 points. Overall satisfaction with the therapy sessions, the home program, and the technology was good. Approximately half the participants wished for longer training periods and more training sessions per week. There were inconsistent effects on muscle strength, muscle function, activity limitation, disability, and health-related quality of life. Conclusion Blended therapy combining the use of an interactive tablet-based resistance training program with face-to-face therapy sessions is feasible and safe and participants` acceptance with this approach was high. Furthermore, results were obtained that might be useful in selecting appropriate assessments and sample sizes in future trials. Trial registration NCT03713151.

Valonea Tannin: Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity, Structural Elucidation and Insights into the Inhibition Mechanism

Valonea tannin is a natural product readily extracted from acorn shells that has been suggested to have potential skin whitening properties. This study investigated the tyrosinase inhibition activity of extracted valonea tannin and the associated structure–function activity. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular weight analysis with gel permeation chromatography revealed that valonea tannin could be characterized as a hydrolysable tannin with galloyl, hexahydroxydiphenoyl and open formed-glucose moieties and an average molecular weight of 3042 ± 15 Da. Tyrosinase inhibition assays demonstrated that valonea tannin was 334 times more effective than gallic acid and 3.4 times more effective than tannic acid, which may relate to the larger molecular size. Kinetic studies of the inhibition reactions indicated that valonea tannin provided tyrosinase inhibition through mixed competitive–uncompetitive way. Stern–Volmer fitted fluorescence quenching analysis, isothermal titration calorimetry analysis and in silico molecule docking showed valonea tannin non-selectively bound to the surface of tyrosinase via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and free radical scavenging assays indicated the valonea tannin had copper ion chelating and antioxidant ability, which may also contribute to inhibition activity. These results demonstrated the structure–function activity of valonea tannin as a highly effective natural tyrosinase inhibitor that may have commercial application in dermatological medicines or cosmetic products.

Potential therapeutic relevance of CRISPR/Cas9 guided Epigenetic Regulations for Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Brain function activity is regulated by several mechanisms of genetic and epigenetic factors such as histone modelling, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA. Alteration in these regulatory mechanisms affect normal development of neurons that causes Neuropsychiatric Disorders (ND). However, it is required to analyse the functional significance of neuropsychiatric disorders associated to molecular mechanism to therapeutic advances in early diagnosis and treatment of the patients. The CRISPR/Cas 9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) genome editing tools have revolutionized multiple genome and epigenome manipulation targets same time. This review discussed the possibilities about using CRISPR/Cas 9 tools during molecular mechanism in the ND, to obtain therapeutic approach of this amazing technique to overcome ND that generates because of genetics and epigenetic abnormalities.