Conceptual and Empirical Comparisons between Self-Consciousness and Field Dependence-Independence

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin F. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Independent Functioning ◽  
Public Self Consciousness ◽  
Rod And Frame

Certain similarities are noted between the constructs of self-consciousness and field dependence-independence suggesting that private self-consciousness is associated with field-independent modes of self-functioning while public self-consciousness is associated with field-dependent modes of functioning. These propositions were tested by correlating scores on the Self-consciousness Questionnaire with scores on the Embedded Figures and Rod and Frame Tests. For both male and female college students, more privately self-conscious individuals were significantly more field independent on both embedded-figures and rod-and-frame measures. Public self-consciousness, however, was not significantly associated with either measure of field dependence-independence. Discussion considered those aspects of psychological differentiation which have not been part of the self-consciousness construct or for which no relevant research exists. Suggestions were made for investigating possible links between self-consciousness/self-awareness and self-relevant features of field dependent-independent functioning.

Field Dependence and Facial Recognition

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Hoffman ◽  
Spencer Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

29 male and 28 female undergraduates were administered two measures of Witkin's field-dependence dimension—the Portable Rod-and-frame Test and the Group Embedded-figures Test—and a test of facial recognition. Field-independent males were significantly more accurate in the recognition of photographed human faces than field-dependent males. Field-independent females were also more accurate than field-dependent females, although the relation was nonsignificant. While it has often been claimed that field-dependent individuals remember faces better, the results of the present study, as well as others which have examined this relationship, support the opposite conclusion.

Haptic Lateralization, Field Dependence, and Sex

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm L. Van Blerkom
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
The Relationship

This study was designed to examine the relationship between lateralization and field dependence-independence. Through prior screening, 48 right-handed college students (24 men and 24 women) were identified as either field dependent or field independent on the Embedded Figures Test. Using a unilateral haptic task, field-independent men were more lateralized than field-dependent men. No such differences were found for women. These results are discussed in relation to Witkin's theory of psychological differentiation. Possible differences between men and women are also discussed.

Do Confusing Information and Egocentric Instructions Influence Perception?

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margery S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
College Men ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame ◽  
Better Than

In an investigation of psychological differentiation, Witkin's personality dimension, 12 field-dependent and 12 field-independent students were selected from a population of college men in summerschool based on their Embedded Figures Test scores. They were assigned to conditions, given egocentric or gravitational instructions, and provided clarified or obscuring feedback about their performance on the Rod and Frame Test. Although instructions had no effect, students with clarified feedback performed better than those whose feedback was confusing. Field-independent men had less difficulty with the confusing feedback than did field-dependent men.

Field Dependence and Self-Disclosure

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin F. Sousa-Poza ◽  
Robert Rohrberg ◽  
Ernest Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
The Social ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Personality Theories

Some characteristics of the social behavior of field-dependents as well as their superior recognition of ambiguous social stimuli led to the hypothesis that they would show greater self-disclosure than field-independents. This hypothesis was tested by administering the 60-item Jourard Self-disclosure Questionnaire (JSDQ) to 13 field-dependent and 13 field-independent Ss. In terms of total self-disclosure scores, field-dependents showed significantly (.025) higher levels than field-independents. Results are discussed in light of personality theories which emphasize the role of self-conceptual transactions in the development of the self.

Field Dependence in Visually and Nonvisually Involved Learning Disabled Children

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cowen ◽  
Norman I. Harway
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Dependence Measures ◽  
Perceptually Impaired ◽  
Rod And Frame

39 visually and nonvisually perceptually impaired 8- to 11-yr.-old boys with learning disabilities were compared with a control group of 35 “normal” learners on the Rod-and-frame and Children's Embedded-figures Tests. Previous findings of greater field dependence of learning disabled children are confounded because the experimental tasks involved visual perception. In our study the 27 “visuals” were more field-dependent than either the 12 “nonvisuals” or the controls. The latter groups did not differ significantly from one another, which may in part be a function of the small sample of nonvisual children identified. Alternative explanations, e.g., the visual nature of the field-dependence measures and the lack of reading difficulty of the nonvisual group, are considered. For the visually disabled Ss only Vocabulary scores correlate significantly with Rod-and-frame and Embedded-figures scores, suggesting that among such children those with higher verbal intelligence may be more field-independent.

Field-Dependence and Stability of Self-View

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Claeys ◽  
Paul Deboeck ◽  
Nicole Viaene
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Second Year

Contrary to Witkin's opinion, field-dependent individuals are expected to show higher stability of self-view than field-independent individuals. 73 Belgian second-year university students were submitted to the Group Embedded Figures Test. The Five Personality Factor Test measuring extraversion, friendliness, emotional instability, conscientiousness and general culture, was administered to each student for self-description (self-report) and to both parents for description of the student (mother's report and father's report). The decrease of correlation between self-report and parent's report as a function of the degree of student's field-independence supports the authors' hypothesis. Results are interpreted in terms of closer attention of field-independent individuals to relevant cues.

Field Dependence-Independence and Self-Esteem in Pre-Adolescent Children

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter M. Pawelkiewicz ◽  
Walter G. Mc Intire
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The field independence-dependence and self-esteem of 200 preadolescent boys and girls were studied using the Portable Rod-and-frame Test and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. Analysis of variance indicated that field-independent children had significantly higher self-esteem than middle-range and field-dependent individuals. A small significant correlation between field independence and high self-esteem obtained (–.24) but only for boys.

Effects of Onset and Type of Fathers' Absence on Children's Levels of Psychological Differentiation

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 1263-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira S. Gershansky ◽  
Louise Hainline ◽  
Harris S. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Perceptual Dimension ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The present study examined the relationship between onset and type of father's absence and children's levels of psychological differentiation defined along the perceptual dimension of field-dependence/independence. The portable Rod-and-frame Test was used to measure the level of psychological differentiation for 100 children between the ages of 8 and 16 yr. In agreement with previous findings, boys were significantly more field-independent than girls. A significant interaction was noted between the reason for the father's absence and the age of the child when the father left the home.

Field Dependence and Rorschach White-Space Figure-Ground Reversal Responses

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph-M. De Koninck ◽  
Geneviève Crabbé-Declève
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
White Space ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

It was hypothesized that field-independent Ss would produce more white space figure-ground reversal responses (S) on the Rorschach test than field-dependent Ss. From 27 females and 25 males given the rod-and-frame test the 7 most field-independent and the 7 most field-dependent took the Rorschach test. The 7 field-independent Ss produced more white space reversals. A control on the number of reversal responses as a function of time of exposure and a control on sex differences showed no contaminating effect. Thus, both measures may refer to the same dimension.

Social Compliance as a Function of Field Dependence

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Solar ◽  
Gerald Davenport ◽  
Dieter Bruehl
Keyword(s):  
Sign Test ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

To test Witkin's hypothesis that field-dependent individuals are socially compliant, 10 field-dependent and 10 field-independent Ss were selected on the basis of their performance on the Thurstone Embedded-figures Test and the Rod-and-frame Test (RFT). Each field-dependent S was then paired with a field-independent S and asked to cooperate in setting the rod to true vertical in the RFT. The obtained mean displacement from true vertical of the pair working together was in every case in the direction of greater field independence than the mean of the scores for the two individuals working alone ( p < .001, sign test). However, a posttest indicated that the RFT conformity of field-dependent Ss was confined to the paired situation. The Barron Independence of Judgment Scale significantly differentiated between field-dependent and field-independent Ss. The findings support Witkin's hypothesis that field-dependent Ss are socially compliant.

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