Effects of Onset and Type of Fathers' Absence on Children's Levels of Psychological Differentiation

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 1263-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira S. Gershansky ◽  
Louise Hainline ◽  
Harris S. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Perceptual Dimension ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The present study examined the relationship between onset and type of father's absence and children's levels of psychological differentiation defined along the perceptual dimension of field-dependence/independence. The portable Rod-and-frame Test was used to measure the level of psychological differentiation for 100 children between the ages of 8 and 16 yr. In agreement with previous findings, boys were significantly more field-independent than girls. A significant interaction was noted between the reason for the father's absence and the age of the child when the father left the home.

Field Dependence and Distraction in a Simple Psychomotor Task with a Constant Foreperiod

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1239-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey H. Blowers
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Rod-and-frame errors are thought to reflect differential abilities in selective attention. For this reason a study of the relationship of field dependence to distraction should involve Ss whose field-dependence scores have been determined specifically by the rod-and-frame test. It is thought that discrepancies in the results of previous work might be accounted for by lack of consistent use of these scores. The present study involved distraction in a simple reaction-time paradigm using 10 field-dependent and 10 field-independent Ss. There was no correlation between distraction and field dependence although it may be that a larger difference in field-dependence scores between groups is required to detect differences in susceptibility to distraction.

Differential Figure-ground Perception in Classified and Unclassified Fencers

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Measure Field ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Identification of psychological and perceptual variables which cause one athlete to be more successful than another may enable coaches to initially better select those individuals who might ultimately have the greatest prospect for success within a given sport. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether a relationship exists between fencing ability and psychological differentiation, as measured by a test of field dependence-independence. Because differentiating the movement of one's body and analytically diagnosing the events during a bout are critical to fencing success, it was hypothesized that higher skilled, classified fencers (N = 26) would be more field independent (as measured by a rod and frame test) than less skilled, unclassified fencers (N = 20). The results were significant and in the hypothesized direction (p < .001). There were no significant differences for age, number of years fenced, and educational background. It was concluded that any assessment of fencing potential should include a rod and frame test to measure field dependence-independence.

Perceptual and Interpersonal Measures of Field Dependence

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe B. Alexander ◽  
Howard E. Gudeman
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Specific Relationship ◽  
Measures Of Dependence ◽  
Dependence Measures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

This study was concerned with the relationship between perceptual and interpersonal measures of dependence for a sample of 60 male Ss. Four groups of alcoholics, one group of hospitalized psychiatric patients, and a group of normals were compared on the Rod and Frame Test and three laboratory interpersonal tasks to evaluate the hypothesis that perceptual and interpersonal dependence measures are significantly related. The results only partially confirmed the hypothesis. The over-all correlation was significant, as was the over-all correlation for four groups of alcoholics. Only two of the six subgroup correlations, however, were significant. These results suggest the need for further study, using larger sample sizes, to determine the specific relationship of the two variables.

Field-Independent Architecture Students

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Peterson ◽  
Glenn Sweitzer
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Field Dependency ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

From current knowledge of what an architect “is” and the concepts of “psychological differentiation” several predictions were made about field independency of architecture students compared with other university students. The Rod-and-frame Test used to test field dependency-independency was given to a group of 20 university students and to three groups of 20 each of architectural students. As hypothesized, the latter were more field-independent and varied less than college Ss. Contrary to prediction field-independency does not decrease over the years in architecture. Some theoretical and experimental limitations of the RFT and knowledge about architects are pointed out.

Maternal Differentiation, Onset and Type of Father's Absence and Psychological Differentiation in Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152
Author(s):  
Ira S. Gershansky ◽  
Louise Hainline ◽  
Harris S. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame ◽  
At Home

The relationship between mothers' and children's levels of psychological differentiation as measured by the rod-and-frame test and the effects of onset and nature of father's absence on this relationship were explored for 209 children between the ages of 8 and 16 yr. and their mothers. There were significantly higher correlations between the scores of children whose fathers were present at home and their mothers than for children whose fathers were absent from home and their mothers. Over-all no significant differences in the mother-child correlations were observed between families where the father's absence resulted from divorce, separation, or desertion and families in which the father had died, although when age of the child at the onset of the father's absence was considered there were significant differences between the group where the father's absence resulted from divorce, separation, or desertion and the group where the father had died.

Psychological Differentiation and Performance on Conditional Reasoning Tasks

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin W. Boss ◽  
Martin E. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Conditional Reasoning ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Reasoning Tasks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Grade 8

The relationship between psychological differentiation and performance on three content types (concrete-plausible, concrete-implausible, symbolic) of conditional reasoning tasks was investigated. Using intelligence as a covariate, field-independent subjects ( n = 94) in Grade 8 performed significantly better than field-dependent subjects ( n = 121) on each type of content. A significant interaction was found. Greater differences between field-independent and field-dependent subjects were observed for concrete-implausible and symbolic contents than for concrete-plausible content.

Field Dependence-Independence and Self-Esteem in Pre-Adolescent Children

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter M. Pawelkiewicz ◽  
Walter G. Mc Intire
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The field independence-dependence and self-esteem of 200 preadolescent boys and girls were studied using the Portable Rod-and-frame Test and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. Analysis of variance indicated that field-independent children had significantly higher self-esteem than middle-range and field-dependent individuals. A small significant correlation between field independence and high self-esteem obtained (–.24) but only for boys.

Field-Dependence, Extraversion and Perception of the Vertical: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives of the Rod-and-Frame Test

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Fine ◽  
Armand V. Danforth
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Using conventional scoring procedures for the Rod-and-frame Test (RFT), extraversion was shown to interact with field-dependence (defined by scores on the Hidden-shapes Test), with the field-dependent extraverts being most inaccurate performers on the rod and frame. Of greater importance, serious questions were raised about theoretical and empirical aspects of the relationship between paper-and-pencil measures of field-dependence and performance on the rod and frame, and it was concluded that “what has … been demonstrated over the past ten years is the reliability of a relationship of questionable validity.”

Field Dependence and Rorschach White-Space Figure-Ground Reversal Responses

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph-M. De Koninck ◽  
Geneviève Crabbé-Declève
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
White Space ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

It was hypothesized that field-independent Ss would produce more white space figure-ground reversal responses (S) on the Rorschach test than field-dependent Ss. From 27 females and 25 males given the rod-and-frame test the 7 most field-independent and the 7 most field-dependent took the Rorschach test. The 7 field-independent Ss produced more white space reversals. A control on the number of reversal responses as a function of time of exposure and a control on sex differences showed no contaminating effect. Thus, both measures may refer to the same dimension.

Field Dependence and Facial Recognition

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Hoffman ◽  
Spencer Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

29 male and 28 female undergraduates were administered two measures of Witkin's field-dependence dimension—the Portable Rod-and-frame Test and the Group Embedded-figures Test—and a test of facial recognition. Field-independent males were significantly more accurate in the recognition of photographed human faces than field-dependent males. Field-independent females were also more accurate than field-dependent females, although the relation was nonsignificant. While it has often been claimed that field-dependent individuals remember faces better, the results of the present study, as well as others which have examined this relationship, support the opposite conclusion.

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