Response Confidence and the Ponzo Illusion

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Diaz ◽  
Eugene R. Delay
Keyword(s):  
Ponzo Illusion ◽  
Comparison Line ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Response Confidence ◽  
Confidence Ratings

The number of longer line judgements and the ratings of confidence in these judgements were significantly higher when the comparison line was located near the apex of the Ponzo wedge but only confidence ratings were affected by the orientation of the wedge ( ns = 24 men, 24 women). Differences between the two measures suggest that perceptual and nonperceptual processes may be involved in the illusion.

scholarly journals Confidence in action: differences between perceived accuracy of decision and motor response

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Siedlecka ◽  
Marcin Koculak ◽  
Borysław Paulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Motor Response ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Decision Accuracy ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Error Awareness ◽  
Action Processing ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Response Confidence ◽  
Trial Participants ◽  
Confidence Ratings

AbstractEach of our decisions is associated with a degree of confidence. This confidence can change once we have acted as we might start doubting our choice or even become convinced that we made a mistake. In this study, we explore the relations between action and our confidence that our decision was correct or erroneous. Fifty-six volunteers took part in a perceptual decision task in which their decisions could either lead to action or not. At the end of each trial, participants rated their confidence that their decision was correct, or they reported that they had made an error. The main results showed that when given after a response, confidence ratings were higher and more strongly related to decision accuracy, and post-response reports of errors more often indicated actual errors. The results support the view that error awareness and confidence might be partially based on post-action processing.

scholarly journals Confidence in action: Differences between perceived accuracy of decision and motor response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Siedlecka ◽  
Marcin Koculak ◽  
Borysław Paulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Motor Response ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Decision Accuracy ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Error Awareness ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Response Confidence ◽  
Trial Participants ◽  
Confidence Ratings

AbstractEach of our decisions is associated with a degree of confidence. This confidence can change once we have acted because we might start doubting our choice or even become convinced that we have made a mistake. In this study, we explore the relations between action and our confidence that our decision was correct or erroneous. Fifty-four volunteers took part in a perceptual decision task in which their decisions could either lead to action or not. At the end of each trial, participants rated their confidence that their decision was correct, or they reported that they had made an error. The main results showed that when given after a response, confidence ratings were higher and more strongly related to decision accuracy, and post-response reports of errors more often indicated actual errors. The results support the view that error awareness and confidence might be partially based on postaction processing.

Evidence for the Role of Attentive Fields in the Perception of Illusions

1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander W. Pressey
Keyword(s):  
Ponzo Illusion ◽  
Assimilation Theory ◽  
Comparison Line ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Correct Direction ◽  
Perception Of Illusions

On the basis of the concept of attentive fields, it was predicted that the position of the comparison line would systematically affect the amount of illusion displayed in the Ponzo configuration and in two impoverished forms of the Müller-Lyer illusion. Ten of 12 predictions which seemed to be unique to assimilation theory were verified statistically and the remaining two predictions were in the correct direction. A reversed Ponzo illusion which was expected from the concept of attentive fields was not exhibited. This latter result was explained on the basis of the fact that the Müller-Lyer illusion of elongation is normally greater than the Müller-Lyer illusion of shrinkage.

Responding to Feedback after Multiple-choice Answers: The Influence of Response Confidence

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Stock ◽  
Raymond W. Kulhavy ◽  
Doris R. Pridemore ◽  
Damon Krug
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Correct Alternative ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Response Confidence ◽  
Confidence Ratings

A model is proposed that describes how people choose multiple-choice answers and deal with subsequent feedback. Central to the model is the construct of likelihood, a signal that: (1) indexes the match between task demands and what is known, (2) gives a basis for decisions, and (3) is estimated by response confidence ratings. In two experiments, subjects answered an item, rated confidence, and studied feedback (for 100 items), and then answered the items again. All predictions of the model were confirmed. Specifically, for right/wrong feedback messages, feedback study intervals were longer after correct than incorrect choices (for correct choices, these intervals decreased as confidence increased). Also, there was no relation between the probability of correcting errors and level of confidence. For feedback messages that consisted of an item with correct alternative marked, there was a positive relation between probability of correcting errors and level of confidence.

Resolution assessment from spectral signal-to-noise ratios

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 746-747
Author(s):  
M. Unser ◽  
B.L. Trus ◽  
A.C. Steven
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Traditional Measure ◽  
Spectral Signal ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Averaging Techniques

Since the resolution-limiting factor in electron microscopy of biological macromolecules is not instrumental, but is rather the preservation of structure, operational definitions of resolution have to be based on the mutual consistency of a set of like images. The traditional measure of resolution for crystalline specimens in terms of the extent of periodic reflections in their diffraction patterns is such a criterion. With the advent of correlation averaging techniques for lattice rectification and the analysis of non-crystalline specimens, a more general - and desirably, closely compatible - resolution criterion is needed. Two measures of resolution for correlation-averaged images have been described, namely the differential phase residual (DPR) and the Fourier ring correlation (FRC). However, the values that they give for resolution often differ substantially. Furthermore, neither method relates in a straightforward way to the long-standing resolution criterion for crystalline specimens.

Visual Evoked-Response Correlates of Speechreading Performance in Normal-Hearing Adults

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Samar ◽  
Donald G. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Visual Evoked Response ◽  
Latency Measure ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Visual Evoked

The relationship between the latency of the negative peak occurring at approximately 130 msec in the visual evoked-response (VER) and speechreading scores was investigated. A significant product-moment correlation of -.58 was obtained between the two measures, which confirmed the fundamental effect but was significantly weaker than that previously reported in the literature (-.90). Principal components analysis of the visual evoked-response waveforms revealed a previously undiscovered early VER component, statistically independent of the latency measure, which in combination with two other components predicted speechreading with a multiple correlation coefficient of S4. The potential significance of this new component for the study of individual differences in speechreading ability is discussed.

Reaction Time and Brain Waves in Omitted Stimulus Tasks

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Hernández ◽  
Muriel Vogel-Sprott
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Somatosensory Stimuli

A missing stimulus task requires an immediate response to the omission of a regular recurrent stimulus. The task evokes a subclass of event-related potential known as omitted stimulus potential (OSP), which reflects some cognitive processes such as expectancy. The behavioral response to a missing stimulus is referred to as omitted stimulus reaction time (RT). This total RT measure is known to include cognitive and motor components. The cognitive component (premotor RT) is measured by the time from the missing stimulus until the onset of motor action. The motor RT component is measured by the time from the onset of muscle action until the completion of the response. Previous research showed that RT is faster to auditory than to visual stimuli, and that the premotor of RT to a missing auditory stimulus is correlated with the duration of an OSP. Although this observation suggests that similar cognitive processes might underlie these two measures, no research has tested this possibility. If similar cognitive processes are involved in the premotor RT and OSP duration, these two measures should be correlated in visual and somatosensory modalities, and the premotor RT to missing auditory stimuli should be fastest. This hypothesis was tested in 17 young male volunteers who performed a missing stimulus task, who were presented with trains of auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli and the OSP and RT measures were recorded. The results showed that premotor RT and OSP duration were consistently related, and that both measures were shorter with respect to auditory stimuli than to visual or somatosensory stimuli. This provides the first evidence that the premotor RT is related to an attribute of the OSP in all three sensory modalities.

A Reassessment of Suicide Measurement

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Doessel ◽  
Ruth F.G. Williams ◽  
Harvey Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Evaluation Exercise ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Circulatory Diseases

Background. Concern with suicide measurement is a positive, albeit relatively recent, development. A concern with “the social loss from suicide” requires careful attention to appropriately measuring the phenomenon. This paper applies two different methods of measuring suicide data: the conventional age-standardized suicide (count) rate; and the alternative rate, the potential years of life lost (PYLL) rate. Aims. The purpose of applying these two measures is to place suicide in Queensland in a historical and comparative (relative to other causes of death) perspective. Methods. Both measures are applied to suicide data for Queensland since 1920. These measures are applied also to two “largish” causes of death and two “smaller” causes of death, i.e., circulatory diseases, cancers, motor vehicle accidents, suicide. Results. The two measures generate quite different pictures of suicide in Queensland: Using the PYLL measure, suicide is a quantitatively larger issue than is indicated by the count measure. Conclusions. The PYLL measure is the more appropriate measure for evaluation exercise of public health prevention strategies. This is because the PYLL measure is weighted by years of life lost and, thus, it incorporates more information than the count measure which implicitly weights each death with a somewhat partial value, viz. unity.

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