A Reassessment of Suicide Measurement

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Doessel ◽  
Ruth F.G. Williams ◽  
Harvey Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Evaluation Exercise ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Circulatory Diseases

Background. Concern with suicide measurement is a positive, albeit relatively recent, development. A concern with “the social loss from suicide” requires careful attention to appropriately measuring the phenomenon. This paper applies two different methods of measuring suicide data: the conventional age-standardized suicide (count) rate; and the alternative rate, the potential years of life lost (PYLL) rate. Aims. The purpose of applying these two measures is to place suicide in Queensland in a historical and comparative (relative to other causes of death) perspective. Methods. Both measures are applied to suicide data for Queensland since 1920. These measures are applied also to two “largish” causes of death and two “smaller” causes of death, i.e., circulatory diseases, cancers, motor vehicle accidents, suicide. Results. The two measures generate quite different pictures of suicide in Queensland: Using the PYLL measure, suicide is a quantitatively larger issue than is indicated by the count measure. Conclusions. The PYLL measure is the more appropriate measure for evaluation exercise of public health prevention strategies. This is because the PYLL measure is weighted by years of life lost and, thus, it incorporates more information than the count measure which implicitly weights each death with a somewhat partial value, viz. unity.

The cost of alcohol-attributable injuries and poisonings in Canada, 1992

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda S. Robson ◽  
Eric Single ◽  
Xiaodi Xie ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hospital Days ◽  
Related Mortality

Alcohol-related injuries and poisonings are estimated to have caused 1.7% (3,359) of all deaths, 4.0% (123,119) of all corresponding potential years of life lost, 1.1% (38,687) of all hospitalizations, and 1.3% (533,895) of hospital days in Canada in 1992. The cost of these injuries is estimated to have been $3.9 billion, using a societal point of view and the human capital method of valuing forgone productivity. Leading causes of these human and economic costs are motor vehicle accidents, falls, self-inflicted injury and assault. Injuries and poisonings comprise a large portion of alcohol-related mortality (50% of deaths; 66% of potential years of life lost), morbidity (45% of hospitalizations) and economic costs (51%). Policy implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Inequalities in women’s mortality by education / Neenakosti v umrljivosti žensk po izobrazbi

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Mateja Rok Simon ◽  
Sonja Tomšič ◽  
Jožica Šelb Šemerl ◽  
Petra Nadrag ◽  
Barbara Mihevc Ponikvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
High Educational Attainment ◽  
Socioeconomic Gaps ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
High Educational

Abstract Background: Researchers have found that mortality is decreasing in all socioeconomic population groups but the relative differences in mortality between lower and higher social classes remain unchanged or have even increased. In Slovenia this has not yet been studied. Methods: The analysis included all women in Slovenia who died in the 2005-2010 period and were recorded in the Registry of deaths. Cause of death data was linked to data on the educational attainment of the deceased person, which was applied successfully in 98.8% of cases. The rate ratios (RR) for age-standardised death rates were calculated for women with a low and high educational attainment. Results: The calculated gap in life expectancy at age 30 between women with low and high educational attainment stood at 5.5 years. Women aged 0-84 with a low educational attainment had a statistically significant higher risk of death than women with a high educational attainment (RR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.57-1.73). Inequalities in premature mortality were even greater (1.78; 1.65-1.93). Educational inequalities in premature mortality were revealed in the majority of causes of death, e.g. cervical cancer (1.99; 1.22-3.67), lung cancer (1.70; 1.30-2.26), cardiovascular diseases (3.02; 2.41-3.91), causes directly attributable to alcohol (7.34; 4.96-12.27), motor vehicle accidents (2.23; 1.21-4.45) and suicide (1.68; 1.19-2.41). Conclusions: Significant socioeconomic gaps in women’s mortality in Slovenia obligate us to more systematic monitoring of health inequalities in the future. Further research is required in order to clarify specific reasons for the major gaps in mortality from specific causes of death.

P130 LEADING CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A NATIONWIDE ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S26-S26
Author(s):  
Andrew Weber ◽  
Jenny Sauk ◽  
Berkeley Limketkai
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Age Of Death

Abstract Background Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) often ask whether their condition would affect their life span. However, available data are sparse. The aims of this study were to compare the ages of death between patients with and without IBD and to determine the leading causes of death amongst inpatients with IBD in a large nationwide database. Methods The Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) provides a nationally representative sampling of patient-linked hospitalizations throughout the United States. For years 2010 through 2016, we identified individuals with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) based on International Classification of Diseases-Clinical Modification codes, ninth and tenth revisions (ICD-9, ICD-10). The mean age of death was compared between IBD and non-IBD inpatients. Cluster analyses were used to evaluate the leading causes of death among IBD patients based on the associated codes in the first three diagnosis positions. Results Between 2010 and 2016, there were 934,331 CD and 623,596 UC patients admitted. There were more deaths associated with UC than CD (3.11% vs. 1.72%; P <0.01) (Figure 1). Amongst CD patients, the average age of death was 68.2 years, compared to 70.5 years for non-IBD patients (P <0.01). For UC patients, the average age of death was 71.9 years, compared to 70.5 years for non-IBD patients (P <0.01). The most frequent diagnoses for CD patients who died while hospitalized were sepsis (31.1%), respiratory failure (13.0%), and fluid electrolyte and acid-base disorders (12.5%) (Table 1). Interestingly, motor vehicle accidents were associated with a significant number of deaths among CD patients (7.0%). Pre-defined diagnoses of interest associated with death included myocardial infarction (3.3%), deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (2.0%), and malignancy (6.7%). Diagnoses most frequently noted in UC patient who died while inpatient included sepsis (43.4%), fluid electrolyte and acid-base disorders (13.6%), and respiratory failure (10.9%). Similarly to CD, motor vehicle accidents were again associated with a significant number of UC deaths (5.5%). Pre-defined diagnoses associated with death in UC included myocardial infarction (3.5%), deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (2.0%), and malignancy (5.8%). Conclusions In a large nationally representative database of hospitalized patients, although those with CD and UC were found to have statistically significant differences in age at death when compared with the general population, the absolute differences were small. Diagnoses most frequently associated with inpatient mortality were sepsis, respiratory failure, and fluid electrolyte and acid-base disorders. There was also a large number of motor vehicle-related deaths among IBD patients.

Premature Mortality Due to Suicide, Homicide, and Motor Vehicle Accidents in Health Service Delivery Areas: Comparison of Status Indians in British Columbia, Canada, with All other Residents

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stephen Bridges ◽  
Julie C. Kunselman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Vehicle Accidents

From each of 15 health regions, potential years of life lost (PYLL) before age 75 for Status Indians is compared for select causes of death with all other residents. Mortality data from 1991 to 2001 for rates of PYLL (standardized to the 1991 population) are from tables of the British Columbia Vital Statistics Agency and First Nations and Inuit Health Branch in 2002. PYLL rate differences and rate ratios were compared for two groups with significance of the former indicated by the 95% confidence interval. Overall, the rates of PYLL for suicide, homicide, and deaths due to motor vehicle accidents were about 224%, 340%, and 248% higher among Status Indians than all other residents. Rates of PYLL for homicide and deaths from motor vehicle accidents among Status Indian women exceeded those of other residents who were men. For suicide, Status Indian men ranked first and all other male residents of British Columbia ranked second.

scholarly journals Insufficient Sleep Correlates with the Natural Environment, Health Behaviors, and Selected Causes of Death

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of insufficient sleep in the contiguous US and show how insufficient sleep correlates with selected natural environment factors, health behaviors, and causes of death. Design: An ecologic study design was used with measurements for each variable on the county level. Setting: A total of 3,108 counties in the contiguous US. Measures: Measurements were on the county level, which included altitude, sunlight, ambient air temperature, PM2.5, and precipitation, and selected health behaviors and causes of death. Results: Higher altitude is associated with better sleep, but this association is explained by lower average daily fine particulate matter, maximum air temperature, and precipitation at higher altitude. Improved sleep duration correlates with less air pollution, moderate sleeping temperatures, and less precipitation, which likely correlates with better health behaviors. Sufficient sleep may further improve by lower tobacco smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and better diet. After accounting for the environmental and health behavior variables, insufficient sleep no longer had a direct effect on the causes of death, except for injury and motor vehicle accidents. Conclusions: Better sleep duration occurs at lower altitude and in places where there is less average daily fine particulate matter, more moderate maximum air temperature, and lower precipitation. Better sleep duration also correlates with less tobacco smoking, obesity and physical inactivity, and better diet. After accounting for the environmental and health behavior variables, insufficient sleep continues to have a direct influence on death, except rates associated with injury and motor vehicle accidents.

Comment on Bridges and Kunselman (2005)

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Zekeri
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Clear Idea

A case is made that a clear understanding of premature mortality of Status Indians due to suicide, homicide, and motor vehicle accidents must begin with a clear idea of what the indicator, potential years of life lost before age 75 (PYLL), is, and how it was measured or calculated.

Social Implications of Driver Disqualification: Reality and Road Traffic Laws

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Legal Sanction ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Probability

MOTOR vehicle accidents constitute one of the major health hazards in urban societies, and it has been widely argued that some drivers are worse accident risks than others due to factors such as personality, attitude or lack of ability. On this basis, it is reasonably tempting to suggest that the accident problem can best be solved by removing the unsafe motorist from the driver population. The present paper explores the legal sanction of driver disqualification in terms of its deterrent effects, and some social factors which limit these effects. In particular, four types of factors are examined which limit the effectiveness of this sanction: the low probability of apprehension of disqualified driving offenders; the uncertainty and inconsistency of punishment of these offenders; the attractiveness of this unlawful behaviour; and the inadequacy of alternatives to the unlawful behaviour. After consideration of these factors, it is evident that the penalty of licence suspension can have at best a minimal effect on road safety, and it is suggested that there is a need for a re-examination of the rationale underlying present traffic laws and penalties given the social value placed on motor vehicle operation.

scholarly journals Galvos traumos epidemiologija Vilniuje ir Vilniaus apskrityje

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Aidanas Preikšaitis ◽  
Saulius Ročka
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
G 21 ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vilnius University

Galvos traumos epidemiologija Vilniuje ir Vilniaus apskrityje Aidanas Preikšaitis, Saulius RočkaVilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakultetas,M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 VilniusVilniaus universiteto Neurologijos ir neurochirurgijos klinikosNeurochirurgijos skyrius,Šiltnamių g. 29 LT-04130 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected], [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Galvos trauma – tai dažniausia žmonių iki 40 metų mirties bei invalidumo priežastis visame pasaulyje. Galvos traumų kiekvienais metais vis daugėja dėl nuolat kintančios socialinės aplinkos. Lietuvos sveikatos informacijos centro duomenimis, 2001 metais registruota beveik 40 tūkst. paauglių ir suaugusių asmenų galvos traumų, o tai sudarė 1370 iš 10 000 gyventojų per metus. Vidutinis galvos traumos paplitimas kitose pasaulio šalyse yra 218 iš 10000. Atrodytų, kad Lietuvoje galvos traumų yra šešis kartus daugiau negu vidutiniškai pasaulyje, o epidemiologinių tyrimų, mūsų žiniomis, Vilniuje nebuvo atlikta. Siekiant išsiaiškinti tikrąją padėtį buvo suplanuotas ir atliktas šis tyrimas. Ligoniai ir metodai Retrospektyvusis tyrimas atliktas Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinėje ligoninėje (VGPUL). Iš viso ištirta galvos traumą patyrusių 1800 pacientų. Duomenys buvo renkami į asmeninį kompiuterį, naudojant "MS Office Excel 2003" programą. Duomenų analizei pasitelkta "SPSS 10" programa. Rezultatai Paaiškėjo, kad vyrai galvos traumas patiria dažniau. Jie sudarė 64,78%, moterys – 35,22% visų ištirtų ligonių (p < 0,05). Pagal traumos priežastį vyrauja smurtiniai sužalojimai (36,3%), kiek mažiau – kritimų (34,7%), trečioji priežastis – eismo įvykiai (12,1%). Tik 230 (12,8%) pacientų turėjo bent vieną neurologinį simptomą. Išvados Nustatytas neigiamas ryšys tarp amžiaus ir eismo įvykio metu patirtos galvos traumos bei smurtinių sužalojimų. Ryšys tarp kritimų ir amžiaus yra teigiamas. Nuo amžiaus taip pat priklauso ir dėl susidūrimo su krintančiu objektu patirta galvos trauma: dažniau nukenčia jauni ir garbaus amžiaus asmenys. Nuo metų laiko priklauso galvos traumų skaičius, patirtas nukritus (daugiau žiemą) ir susidūrus su krintančiu objektu (daugiau rudenį). Vertinant pasaulinius standartus, reikėtų patikslinti Lietuvoje nusistovėjusias galvos ir galvos smegenų traumos statistikos normas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: galvos trauma, epidemiologija, neurochirurgija Epidemiology of head injury in Vilnius and Vilnius district Aidanas Preikšaitis, Saulius RočkaVilnius University, Faculty of Medicine,M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, LithuaniaVilnius University, Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery,Department of Neurosurgery,Šiltnamių str. 29, LT-04130 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mails: [email protected], [email protected] Background / objective Head injury is one of the most frequent causes of death and disablement worldwide. Because of changes in the social and economic environment, the prevalence of head injury is increasing. According to the data of Lithuanian Health Information Center, the prevalence of head injury in Lithuania in 2001 was 1370/10000 inhabitants. The average prevalence of head injury in other countries was 218/10000. It appears that the cases of head injury are six times more frequent in Lithuania, although there were no epidemiological studies performed in the country. This study was aimed to clarify real statistical situation. Patients and methods A retrospective study was carried out in Vilnius University Emergency Hospital. In total, 1800 patients were enrolled into the study. The data were stored in a personal computer and analyzed with a Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 10 statistical package. Results The prevalence of male gender (64.7%) was statistically significant. The main causes of trauma were assault (36.3%), fall (34.7%) and motor vehicle accidents (12.1%). Neurological signs were found only in 230 patients (12.8%). Conclusions A negative correlation was established between the age and head injury during the motor vehicle accident or assault. Head injury after the contact with a falling object was also age-dependent. Seasonal variations were found in falls (more in winter) and in traumas after a contact with a falling object (more in autumn). Official Lithuanian standards of head and brain injury need to be re-evaluated in the light of international statistical rules. Key words: head injury, epidemiology, neurosurgery

Social Factors and Mortality from NASH in Canada

Crisis ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A Leenaars ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
Cirrhosis Of The Liver ◽  
Death Certificates ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
The Social ◽  
One Step

The NASH categories (Natural, Accident, Suicide, Homicide) used on death certificates are known to obscure many of the psychological dimensions of death. Although there are many studies of death certificates of the extent to which suicide may be misclassified as accidental or natural deaths, and a few studies comparing individuals who commit suicides to accidental death victims, this topic is often neglected at a sociological level. This analysis of the NASH modes of death examines if these deaths differ from a sociological perspective. Specifically, rates of divorce, marriage, birth, and unemployment were correlated with deaths of natural causes (stomach cancer, cirrhosis of the liver), accidents (motor vehicle accident), suicide, and homicide. The results suggest that the sociological associations with some causes of death (i. e., cirrhosis of the liver, suicide and, homicide) have a similar social pattern but are different from others (i. e., motor vehicle accidents and stomach cancer). Although there are problems of interpretation at a sociological level, it is suggested that the social epidemiology of death may be obscured by the NASH classification. Recent suggestions on terminology and taxonomy by the International Academy for Suicide Research (IASR) are offered as one step towards addressing this issue.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document