The Causes of Changing Suicide Rates

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1140-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

The declining English suicide rate from 1960–1975 was consistent with explanations involving the reduced toxicity of domestic gas, the increase in the number of suicide prevention centers, and increasing social stress. It was impossible to ascertain which explanations were correct and which incorrect.

State Regulations for Suicide Prevention in Jails and the Jail Suicide Rate

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1170-1170
Author(s):  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
State Standards ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Suicide Rates

The jail suicide rates for 1985–1986 were not related to the existence of state standards for jail suicide prevention which had been established in 13 of 35 states responding to a 1989 survey, but were related to the states' jail population.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Analysis of Suicide Rates Among Older Adults Living in Ecuador: 1997–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Isabela Troya ◽  
Rebekka M. Gerstner ◽  
Freddy Narvaez ◽  
Ella Arensman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Undetermined Intent ◽  
Log Linear

Background: Despite most suicides occurring in low-and-middle-income countries (LAMICs), limited reports on suicide rates in older adults among LAMICs are available. In Ecuador, high suicide rates have been reported among adolescents. Little is known about the epidemiology of suicides among older adults in Ecuador.Aim: To examine the sociodemographic characteristics of suicides among older adults living in Ecuador from 1997 to 2019.Methods: An observational study was conducted using Ecuador's National Institute of Census and Statistics database from 1997 to 2019 in Ecuadorians aged 60 and older. International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) (X60-X84)-reported suicide deaths were included in addition to deaths of events of undetermined intent (Y21-Y33). Sex, age, ethnicity, educational level, and method of suicide were analyzed. Annual suicide rates were calculated per 100,000 by age, sex, and method. To examine the trends in rates of suicide, Joinpoint analysis using Poisson log-linear regression was used.Results: Suicide rates of female older adults remained relatively stable between 1997 and 2019 with an average annual percentage increase of 2.4%, while the male rates increased between 2002 and 2009, 2014 and 2016, and maintained relatively stable within the past 3 years (2017–2019). The annual age-adjusted male suicide rate was 29.8 per 100,000, while the female suicide rate was 5.26 per 100,000 during the study period. When adding deaths of undetermined intent, the annual male rate was 60.5 per 100,000, while the same rate was 14.3 for women. The most common suicide method was hanging (55.7%) followed by self-poisoning (26.0%). The highest suicide numbers were reported in urban districts, men, and those with lower education status.Conclusion: This study contributes to building the baseline for further studies on suicide rates of older adults in Ecuador. Results highlight priority areas of suicide prevention. By examining suicide trends over 23 years, findings can help inform policy and future interventions targeting suicide prevention.

Suicide in Japan

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamashita Shiho ◽  
Takizawa Tohru ◽  
Sakamoto Shinji ◽  
Taguchi Manabu ◽  
Takenoshita Yuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Suicide Rates

Abstract. This article introduces the reader to present conditions and suicide prevention measures in Japan. The suicide rate has increased gradually since the early 1990s, reaching a postwar peak in 1998. The number of suicides has remained at about 30,000 every year since 1998. Middle-aged (55-59 years) and elderly men have especially high suicide rates. In 2002, The Council of Learned People on Measures Against Suicides (organized by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare) released its report on national suicide prevention strategies. Although national suicide prevention strategies have just begun to be established, some prefectures or regions have undertaken unique suicide prevention measures.

scholarly journals An Exploration of the Labor, Financial, and Economic Factors Related to Suicide in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6992
Author(s):  
Ken Inoue ◽  
Nursultan Seksenbayev ◽  
Nailya Chaizhunusova ◽  
Timur Moldagaliyev ◽  
Nargul Ospanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Highly Correlated

The Republic of Kazakhstan has one of the world’s highest suicide rates. A detailed study of the risk factors for suicide in that country is therefore important. We investigated country-wide statistics related to labor, financial, and economic factors and whether any of these factors contribute to the risk of suicide in Kazakhstan. Using the 20 year period from 2000 to 2019, we examined the annual suicide rates overall (all citizens) and for males and females in Kazakhstan, annual unemployment rates, annual rates of increase in the country’s consumer price index, annual total exports, and annual total imports. We then calculated the correlations between the suicide rates and these four items. We also performed a multiple regression analysis of the relationship between the suicide rate and those four items. The results of these analyses indicated that the unemployment rate was the correlation coefficient most highly correlated with the suicide rate; unemployment was significantly related to suicide and should be targeted as a risk factor in suicide prevention interventions in Kazakhstan. With this in mind, organizations, government agencies, and professionals in relevant fields need to devise and implement suicide prevention measures.

scholarly journals Effects of a Comprehensive Police Suicide Prevention Program

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L. Mishara ◽  
Normand Martin
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Police Suicide ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Publicity Campaign ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs

Background: Police suicides are an important problem, and many police forces have high rates. Montreal police suicide rates were slightly higher than other Quebec police rates in the 11 years before the program began (30.5/100,000 per year vs. 26.0/100,000). Aims: To evaluate Together for Life, a suicide prevention program for the Montreal police. Methods: All 4,178 members of the Montreal police participated. The program involved training for all officers, supervisors, and union representatives as well as establishing a volunteer helpline and a publicity campaign. Outcome measures included suicide rates, pre-post assessments of learning, focus groups, interviews, and follow-up of supervisors. Results: In the 12 years since the program began the suicide rate decreased by 79% (6.4/100,000), while other Quebec police rates had a nonsignificant (11%) increase (29.0/100,000). Also, knowledge increased, supervisors engaged in effective interventions, and the activities were highly appreciated. Limitations: Possibly some unidentified factors unrelated to the program could have influenced the observed changes. Conclusions: The decrease in suicides appears to be related to this program since suicide rates for comparable populations did not decrease and there were no major changes in functioning, training, or recruitment to explain the differences. Comprehensive suicide prevention programs tailored to the work environment may significantly impact suicide rates.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Actual Situation of Suicide Among Firefighting Officials

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Gi-Bong Ko ◽  
Jin Chae ◽  
Seung-gyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
General Public ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Family Discord

This study analyzed the various methods of and reasons for committing suicide among 90 firefighters within a 10 year period (2010-2019). The study discovered that: the suicide rate per 100,000 people has gradually decreased in the general public and police, while the number of suicides among firefighters continues to increase; the suicide rate arranged in increasing order by province, was Gyeonggi < Seoul < Jeonnam < Gyeongbuk < Busan whereas the suicide rate in terms of the number of staff followed the order of Jeonnam < Ulsan < Chungbuk < Gyeonggi < Seoul; the highest suicide rates were found among firefighters in the Sobangjang (fire sergeant) position, who were in their 40s, and who had served fewer than 10 years; the reasons for committing suicide were family discord, depression, hopelessness, debt, and job stress in that order; those in their 20s and 50s committed suicide due to depression while family discord appeared to be the cause for those in their 30s and 40s. To prevent firefighters from committing suicide, we need to initiate a dedicated psychological counseling organization, run a firefighters’ suicide prevention program at the fire academy, and strengthen the psychological autopsy for firefighters’ suicide and statistics management, etc.

scholarly journals A Study of Befriending and Its Use on Suicide Prevention in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Roy
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The World

The Goal of this study was to understand the concept of Befriending and its effects on Suicide Prevention in India. In view of the above purpose we studied the model of Befriending across the world and in India. The data was collected from 3 NGOs based out of Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Chennai. According to the data in the year 2006, Suicide rates had increased marginally up-to 1,18,11,12. It is observed that there is an increase in Suicide rate more among men than women.

scholarly journals UŽBURTAME RATE: SAVIŽUDYBIŲ PAPLITIMAS LIETUVOJE PO NEPRIKLAUSOMYBĖS ATKŪRIMO

Psichologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danutė Gailienė
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Suicide Rates

Lietuvos savižudybių rodiklis jau dešimti metai (nuo 1996 m.) yra didžiausias pasaulyje. Straipsnyje pateikiami duomenys apie savižudybių rodiklių dinamiką Lietuvoje 1990–2002 m. ir, pasiremiant naujausiais tyrimų duomenimis, aptariami veiksniai, kurie gali lemti ilgalaikius aukštus savižudybių rodiklius. Lietuvoje iki šiol vyrauja „sovietinis“ mirtingumo modelis (jam būdingas labai aukštas priešlaikinio mirtingumo lygis bei miesto ir kaimo gyventojų mirtingumo skirtumų didėjimas), o psichikos sveikatos pagalbos sistema nepakankama. Susidaro užburtas ratas: savižudybių labai daug, jokių racionalių priemonių jų sumažinti valstybėje nėra, stiprėja ne tik pasyvi, bet ir savižudybėms palanki nuostata, o tai savo ruožtu didina suicidinę riziką. VICIOUS CIRCLE: SUICIDES IN LITHUANIA AFTER THE INDEPENDENCEDanutė Gailienė SummaryDuring the last 80 years suicide mortality in Lithuania has shown great variation. Nowadays Lithuania has the highest registered suicide rate in the world besides the other Baltic countries and Russia. After the sharp decrease in the mid-80’s, since 1991 the suicide rates start to rise again. In 2002 1551 suicide occurred in Lithuania (44.7 per 100.000 persons). The ratio of male to female rates was 4.5–6.1 in 1990–2002, in the young and middle age it reached 8–10. The suicides are more widespread in rural areas. Among rural men they occur twice as often as among the urban and among women – 1.4 times. By age the highest suicide risk is for middle-aged men. Among the males aged 45–54 years suicide rate reaches 154.6. The most common method of suicide remains hanging, both for males and females.The dramatic increase in suicide rates of the early 1990s corresponds to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the regaining of the independence of Lithuania and other Baltic states. Heavy transition from the system based on communist ideology to the open society and market economy was ensuing. However analysis of the trends of suicide mortality in Eastern Europe and in the „newly independent states“ of the former Soviet Union showed that rapid transformations of society do not per se necessarily produce more suicides. Neither the absolute economic changes, nor the level of prosperity in itself correlates significantly with the changes in suicide rates. Intermediate role of culture should be also taken into consideration.The undercurrent reasons of the incredible suicide spread in Lithuania lie in the long lasting effects of the 50 years under the communist regime on the ability of individuals and groups to manage psychosocial stress and changes. „Soviet“ mortality pattern, which is characterized by very high level of premature mortality and growth of urban-rural mortality differences, has not changed during transition period. This leads to vicious circle when the spread of suicides and helpless, indifferent attitude towards suicide prevention, causes the suicide approving attitudes, which increases the risk of suicidal behaviour. The approving attitude towards suicide among Lithuanian schoolchildren increased almost twice over the last decade. The media also „contributes“ to this process, but attempts to change the presentation of suicide in the mass media in 1996–2000 were rather unsuccessful.The national plan of suicide prevention is required to break off the vicious circle.

The Impact of Suicide Prevention Centers on the Suicide Rate in the Canadian Provinces

Crisis ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Impact

Summary: A study by Leenaars and Lester (1995) found that suicide prevention centers in the provinces of Canada in 1985 had a preventive, but nonsignificant, impact on the suicide rates of the provinces. The present study replicated that study for 1994-1998 and found a similar preventive impact, although weak, of suicide prevention centers on the provincial suicide rates.

Suicidal Behavior in the Ukraine, 1988-1998

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kryzhanovskaya ◽  
Galina Pilyagina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
National Program ◽  
Suicide Death ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Completed Suicide

This report studies the available data concerning suicide rates in the Ukraine and points to the importance of appropriate monitoring of suicides and attempted suicides. It illustrates the necessity of collecting this information and of developing “The Ukrainian National Program on Suicide Prevention.” Unfortunately, suicide research and publications about suicide rates were prohibited in the former Soviet Union, so some of the data about suicidal behavior in the Ukraine is incomplete. We used the official suicide death statistics of the Ukraine from the Center of Statistics (Ukrainian Ministry of Health) for the period 1988-1998. The overall rate of suicide in the Ukraine is relatively high. Official statistics in the Ukraine show that there were 29.6 suicides per 100,000 population in 1998. The frequency of completed suicide differs in the various regions of the country, suicides being more frequent in the industrially developed regions and in the rural areas of the country than in the cities. In the western part of the Ukraine the frequency of suicide is relatively low (11.1 per 100,000). Between 1988 and 1997 the suicide rate increased by 57%. In 1998 the suicide rate for women was approximately five times lower than that for men.

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