Stability and Internal Consistency of a Measure of Self-Actualization

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Klavetter ◽  
Robert E. Mogar
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
Time Competence

The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), a recently developed measure of self-actualizing tendencies, was administered on 2 occasions to 48 college students to determine the stability, independence, and utility of 10 subscales. Stability coefficients and intercorrelations indicated that 3 of the 12 scales, Inner Direction, Time Competence, and Self-actualization Value, accounted for almost all the variance. Since many of the intercorrelations approximated the scales' reliabilities, it was concluded that performance on the POI could be more accurately and parsimoniously expressed in terms of fewer dimensions.

Meditation and College Students' Self-Actualization and Rated Stress

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Janowiak ◽  
Robert Hackman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Relaxation Technique ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Mantra Meditation ◽  
Personal Orientation

This paper concerns the efficacy of meditation and relaxation in promoting self-actualization and changes in self-reported stress among 62 college students. Two groups were given mantra meditation and a yogic relaxation technique referred to as Shavasana. Pre- and posttest measures were taken on the Personal Orientation Inventory and the Behavioral Relaxation Scale. Both groups showed significant increases in scores on self-actualization; however, no differences were found between groups. Meditation training was associated with larger gains in scores on measures of systematic relaxed behavior than of the relaxation training.

Effects on Self-Actualization of Paperbacks about Psychological Self-Help

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3_part_2) ◽  
pp. 1243-1246
Author(s):  
James J. Forest
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Treatment Condition ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
Time Competence

Self-help psychology books contain claims that they can help individuals solve personal and social problems. However, there is little research on the efficacy of these books although theory and data from traditional, and behavioristic, bibliotherapy suggests that they might be valuable. This study examined the effects of self-help paperbacks on self-actualization scores in a 2 X 3 design that varied presence or absence of a pretest on the Personal Orientation Inventory and an intervening treatment condition which involved reading either one of two self-help books or reading no book. Self-actualization was measured by a posttest on the inventory. Significant effects were found for the pretest and treatment conditions on both the Inner-directedness and Time competence scales. The presence of a pretest, and both self-help books, led to higher self-actualization scores. These findings support the hypothesis that reading self-help psychology books may be associated with increased self-reported scores of mental health.

The Personal Orientation Inventory: Internal Consistency, Stability, and Sex Differences

1975 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Wise ◽  
Jack E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Sample Variances ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
Time Competence ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory was assessed using test-retest, internal consistency (K-R 20), split-half reliability coefficients, and Sex × Trials analyses of variance. 172 university students were administered the inventory twice with 2 weeks inbetween. For the scales, Time Competence and Inner Direction, test-retest coefficients were .75 and .88, respectively. K-R 20 coefficients were .52 and .83, for first administration and .66 and .86 for second administration; and split-half coefficients were .50 and .84, and .73 and .87 for the two administrations, respectively. Ss' second scores tended to be higher than their first ones, and on some scales women scored higher than men and showed a greater increase than men. ω2 estimates showed that all significant effects accounted for only small proportions of over-all sample variances. Hence, it is suggested that mean scores and changes in scores be interpreted with caution; that along with the probability of occurrence, the magnitude of the change should also be considered.

Evidence for a Nonlinear Relationship between Self-Disclosure and Self-Actualization

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill N. Kinder
Keyword(s):  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Competence Scale ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Nonlinear Components ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
Time Competence ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between self-disclosure and self-actualization. Significant linear and nonlinear components were found when scores on the Personal Orientation Inventory Inner-directed scale were correlated with Jourard Self-disclosure Scale scores. When the Time Competence scale was correlated with self-disclosure scores, substantial but nonsignificant linear and nonlinear components were indicated. The results were interpreted as supporting Cozby's (1973) hypothesis that significant departures from linearity may have gone undetected in previous research and that this relationship may be opposite from what Jourard (1964) and others have predicted.

The Personal Orientation Inventory: A Study of Internal Consistency

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Public School Teachers ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Northeastern State ◽  
The Stability ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Personal Orientation

To assess the internal consistency of the Personal Orientation Inventory, 218 public school teachers (K—12) from a northeastern state were administered the inventory. Using the K-R 20 and the split-half methods, values and ranges were comparable to those previously reported. Prior estimates of the stability and internal consistency of the inventory are presented for comparison. The Inner Direction scale, in particular, is stable and internally consistent in all studies.

Criterion Validity of a New Measure of Self-Actualization

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1167-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Leclerc ◽  
Richard Lefrançois ◽  
Micheline Dubé ◽  
Réjean Hébert ◽  
Philippe Gaulin
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
Empirical Content ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
Temporal Reliability

Many authors have questioned the validity of the major existing measures of self-actualization (the Personal Orientation Inventory, the Personal Orientation Dimensions, and the Short Index of Self-actualization), given their serious theoretical and methodological limitations. A new inventory was developed, the Measure of Actualization of Potential, and various studies were conducted to assess its theoretical and empirical content as well as its construct validity, internal consistency, and temporal reliability. The present aim was to estimate the criterion validity of the new measure using humanistic clinical psychologists' assessments as the criterion. The results show that eight clinical psychologists' rankings of 73 individuals are positively and highly correlated with the scores obtained by the same individuals on the Measure of Actualization of Potential.

Relationship between Death Anxiety and Components of the Self-Actualization Process

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc E. Vargo ◽  
William M. Batsel
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
Time Competence

Product-moment correlations for 35 nursing students' scores on the Death Anxiety Scale and on three scales and subscales of the Personal Orientation Inventory (Self-acceptance, r = −.85; Nature of Man-Constructive, r = −.54; Time Competence, r = −.38) suggest an inverse relationship between self-actualization and the fear of death.

Growth in Self-Actualization (Personal Orientation Inventory) in Adult Encounter Groups

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Les Beach
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Total Sample Size ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Personal Orientation

To test the efficacy of the Personal Orientation Inventory in assessing growth in self-actualization in relation to encounter groups and to provide a more powerful measure of such changes, pre- and posttest data from 3 highly comparable encounter groups (N = 43) were combined for analysis. Results indicated that the Personal Orientation Inventory is a sensitive instrument for assessing personal growth in encounter groups and that a larger total sample size provides more significant results than those reported for small samples (e. g., fewer than 15 participants).

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