Effects of Post-Trial Injections of Scopolamine and Eserine on Acquisition of a Simultaneous Brightness Discrimination

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Miller ◽  
W. G. Drew ◽  
D. F. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Acquisition Trial ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Learning Impairments ◽  
Consolidation Model ◽  
Post Trial

4 groups of rats were given injections of scopolamine, methylscopolamine, eserine or saline immediately following the completion of an acquisition trial on a brightness discrimination in a T-maze. Results indicated that eserine and scopolamine groups displayed little or no reduction in errors over 50 acquisition trials, while Ss treated with methylscopolamine or saline showed a marked reduction in errors over the last 15 trials. While the data can be interpreted in terms of a consolidation model of memory, a progressive increase in failures to eat on rewarded trials by groups receiving the centrally active drugs, indicates that side effects of these drugs probably played a role in learning impairments.

Transient Massive Lymphoid Bone Marrow Infiltrate Developing during Therapy with the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Imatinib and Nilotinib: Report of 2 Patients.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4577-4577
Author(s):  
Ester Pungolino ◽  
Silvia Cantoni ◽  
Cecilia Del Curto ◽  
Livio Gargantini ◽  
Marianna Caramella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Molecular Response

Abstract Clinical use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has highlighted uncommon side effects of this group of novel anti-cancer agents. One of these peculiar side effects observed with imatinib (IM) is the occurrence of a bone marrow (BM) polyclonal lymphoid (Ly) infiltrate, usually accounting for 15–30% of total BM cellularity, sometimes taking the form of mature lymphoid follicles. No such effect has so far been described with nilotinib (NIL). We report on 2 CP-CML pts, one on IM and the second one on NIL, who developed transient massive BM Ly infiltrate without any clinical modification and with stable disease. Case1 A 40 yr old male pt was started on IM 400 mg/day as first line therapy in July 2003. Complete Cytogenetic Response (CCyR) and complete molecular response (CMoR) were obtained at 3 and 12 mos respectively. Routine BM monitoring showed progressive increase of the Ly infiltrate coincident with CCyR, up to 30%. In March 2007, BM examination disclosed massive infiltration with mature lymphocytes accounting for 60% of total BM cellularity; cytogenetic and molecular monitoring for CML were negative and peripheral blood count (PBC) was normal. The BM examination repeated a month later showed a spontaneous regression of Ly infiltrate to 25%; the remaining lymphocytes were prevalently B, polyclonal by molecular biology; cariotype was normal; FISH showed non specific abnormality (18% of 45 nuclei positive for del 17p13). Subsequent follow up disclosed normal BM with stable lymphocyte infiltrate and persistent CCyR and CMoR. Case2 A 60 yr old female pt resistant to IM was switched to NIL on November 2005. CCyR were obtained at 12 mos. BM monitoring showed progressive increase of the Ly infiltrate coincident with CCyR, up to 25%. The pt was mildly leucopenic throughout treatment. In March 2007, BM examination disclosed a 50% infiltration of mature lymphocytes; cytogenetic, molecular analysis and PBC were invariate. BM examination was repeated and the Ly infiltrate had spontaneously regressed to 20%. Considering the paucity of residual lymphoid cells, no further analysis was performed. Subsequent follow up showed normal BM with stable Ly infiltrate and persistent CCyR. Discussion. Data from the literature support the correlation between clinical efficacy of IM and increased BM Ly infiltration. Such correlation has also been found in our pts receiving IM and NIL. What has not yet been described is the massive transient polyclonal Ly infiltrate observed in our pts with both IM and NIL. This finding are of uncertain clinical relevance: PBCs were unaffected and molecular studies did not disclose presence of other hematological disorders. However, the known possibility of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders developing during CML needs to be kept in mind. An environmental factor - e.g. a subclinical viral infection - can not be excluded considering that both pts developed the same BM changes concomitantly. The role of TKIs is still unclear, in this case, and the clinical relevance of this event is uncertain. However, the similar mechanism of action of IM and NIL may suggest that a similar mechanism underlies the development of the BM massive Ly infiltrate observed in our pts.

P1420IS THE CHANGE FROM CINACALCET TO ETELCALCETIDE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE IN PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS WITH SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Hadad Arrascue ◽  
Alicia Araque ◽  
Ruth Amair ◽  
Florentina Rosique ◽  
Antonio Perez Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
High Load ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Abstract Background and Aims Vitamin D analogues stimulate the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, while calcimimetics reduce parathyroid hormone (PTH) without calcium and phosphorus elevation, which reduces the risk of vascular calcification. However, the biggest problem of first-generation calcimimetics is the lack of adherence due to abandonment or non-compliance due to side effects and the high load of tablets taken by our patients. Method A prospective and exploratory 24-week study, which included 54 adult patients on chronic hemodialysis (3 times per week) with secondary hyperparathyroidism (PTH >=150 pg/ml). Thirty-three patients were converted from cinacalcet to etelcalcetide, due to the lack of adherence to cinacalcet treatment and the inability to increase the dose due to the side effects of cinacalcet. The remaining 21 patients started etelcalcetide without previously taking cinacalcet. The dose of etelcalcetide was done according to the baseline PTH value. PTH >150 and <=300 pg/ml, started with 5 mg of etelcalcetide per week, PTH >300 and <=500 pg/ml with 7,5 mg/week, PTH > 500 and <= 800 pg /ml with 10 mg/week, PTH >800 pg/ml with 15mg/week. Results In the first four weeks, calcium decreased significantly, but subsequently remained stable for the rest of the study. From the baseline to the 24-week, serum calcium 8.85 ± 0.85 vs. 8.43 ± 0.83 mg/dl (p <0.05), serum phosphorus 4.64 ± 1.46 vs. 4.51 ± 2.2 mg/dl (p> 0.05). PTH decreased significantly at the end of the study (718.4 ± 450 vs. 391.3 ± 232.7 pg/ml, p =0.03). PTH was reduced by 42% in the group that changed cinacalcet to etelcalcetide, and 50% in the group that did not take calciomimetics before the study. At the beginning of the study, 61.1% of our sample also maintained paricalcitol as a treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism. At the end of week 24, 51.8% maintained paricalcitol but with a significant reduction of 36.8% of the dose of paricalcitol (3.22 ± 3.78 mg/week), without significant changes in the dose of etelcalcetide at the end of the study (9.5 ± 1.3 mg/week) . No symptomatic hypocalcaemia was recorded throughout the study. At week 12, the dose of etelcalcetide was reduced in 11% of patients and 7% at the end of week 24 due asymptomatic hypocalcemia. Conclusion Etelcalcetide showed a significant reduction in PTH with the optimization of therapeutic compliance. In our population, the use of paricalcitol was reduced by 30% due to a progressive increase in the dose of etelcalcetide, keeping calcium levels stable and safe. Asymptomatic hypocalcemia was the most observed side effect, but it is claimed that etelcalcetide has an even better safety profile than cinacalcet, with respect to digestive side effects. It is advisable to use Etelcalcetide by individualizing the dose in each patient, depending on their levels of PTH and calcium.

Prevention of Peritoneal Adhesions with Aprotinin (Trasylol)

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A H Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Abdominal Adhesions ◽  
Peritoneal Adhesions ◽  
Second Look

An objective assessment of intraperitoneal Trasylol in the prevention of abdominal adhesions in 20 patients has shown that Trasylol resulted in a marked reduction in adhesions in 16 patients who underwent ‘second look’ procedures. No side-effects were noted and all wounds healed without complications.

Treatment of Ranula with Intracystic Injection of the Streptococcal Preparation Ok-432

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Fukase ◽  
Kazutoshi Inamura ◽  
Nobuo Ohta ◽  
Masaru Aoyagi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Cystic Hygroma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Local Pain ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Streptococcal Preparation ◽  
Intracystic Injection

Intracystic injection of OK-432 was developed as a therapy for operatively difficult lymphangioma (cystic hygroma) and is currently becoming a treatment of first choice for this disease. We tried this therapy in 32 patients with ranula (oral floor type in 21 cases and plunging type in 11 cases). Disappearance or marked reduction of the lesion was observed in 31 patients (97%) who had this therapy, and local scarring did not occur in any patient. As side effects, local pain at the injection site and fever (37°C to 39°C) were observed in almost half of the patients who had this therapy, but such problems resolved within a few days. We treated the initial 4 cases in the hospital for 4 to 5 days, but after the safety of this method had been confirmed, we treated the other 28 cases on an outpatient basis. Thus, we confirmed that intracystic injection therapy with OK-432 is relatively safe and can be used as a substitute for surgery in the treatment of ranulas.

The Control of Deviant Sexual Behaviour by Drugs

1974 ◽  
Vol 125 (586) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bancroft ◽  
Gavin Tennent ◽  
Kypros Loucas ◽  
James Cass
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Breast ◽  
Fluphenazine Enanthate ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Controlling Behaviour

Drugs have been used to control deviant sexual behaviour in recidivist sexual offenders for over 20 years. Oestrogens have been most widely used (Golla and Hodge, 1949; Whittaker, 1959; Scott, 1964) and generally have been considered to be effective though limited by their side effects, in particular nausea, vomiting and feminization. A further uncommon but grave complication has been carcinoma of the breast (Symmers, 1968). Recently, oestradiol implants have been used (Field and Williams, 1970). A similar libido-reducing effect has been claimed with some tranquillizers, notably thioridazine (Litkey and Feniczy, 1967; Bartholomew, 1964), fluphenazine enanthate (Bartholomew, 1964) and a new butyrophenone, benperidol (Sterkmans and Geerts, 1966; Field, 1973). Progestogens have been recognized for some time as having libido reducing qualities in both males and females (Helleret al., 1958; Kupperman, 1963; Money, 1970). The use of medroxyprogesterone in treating sexual deviants has recently been reported (Money, 1970); it was found not only to be effective in controlling behaviour but also to produce marked reduction in circulating androgen. Currently, much interest is being shown in the use of an anti-androgen, cyproterone acetate, for this purpose (Laschet and Laschet, 1969; Briggs and Briggs, 1971; Cooperet al., 1972).

Efficacy of clozapine in treatment-resistant psychosis and neuroleptic sensitivity: results of the Dutch open multi-center project

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
WMA Verhoeven ◽  
WH Doesburg ◽  
R Snoej ◽  
AJMP Rutgers ◽  
PHM van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Antipsychotic Agent ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Center Study

SummaryIn an open multi-center study, 57 schizophrenic patients were treated with clozapine for indications of treatment-resistant psychosis or severe extrapyramidal side-effects caused by conventional neuroleptics. In 58% of the patients a clinical relevant improvement, expressed as percentage reduction of at least 50 from baseline BPRS scores was observed. With respect to extrapyramidal side-effects, a marked reduction was found upon treatment with clozapine. No major side-effects occurred, particularly agranulocytosis. It was concluded that clozapine is a potent antipsychotic agent that can be used safely when treatment is accompanied by frequent clinical and hematological monitoring.

IDENTITY OF A PHENOLIC EXUDATE INHIBITOR FROM GERANIUM EXPLANTS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIRGINIA HILDEBRANDT ◽  
PATRICIA M. HARNEY
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Methyl Gallate ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Acid Methyl

The relative amounts of phenolic exudate released from Sprinter Scarlet geranium explants were determined at time of excision and subsequently at various intervals during a 4-d period. Analysis of exudate by two-dimensional chromatography indicated that galloyl esters, gallic acid, ellagic acid, methyl gallate and an unidentified compound were present in the exudate in a 4:2:2:1:1 ratio. The exudate had an inhibitory effect on the germination of geranium seeds and on growth of geranium seedlings. Soaking explants in 0.7% PVP-AT was quite effective in adsorbing the phenolic content of the exudate but not in 0.7% PVP-40. Both forms of PVP had detrimental side effects manifested as watery, stunted shoots and, following treatment with PVP-AT, a reduced number of shoots. At concentrations of 0.25% and 0.5% AC, fewer but healthy shoots were produced from explants soaked in this adsorbent. At less than 0.10% AC, when 86% of the phenolics were adsorbed, there was no reduction in shoot number.Key words: Tissue culture, phenolic exudate, Pelargonium

Radiochemotherapy for lung cancer with cisplatin and vinorelbine orally and shrinking field radiotherapy: Effectivity and feasibility in a nonselected patient collective.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17516-e17516
Author(s):  
Miriam Zagel ◽  
Anja Tobermann ◽  
Ludwig Fischer von Weikersthal ◽  
Antje Fahrig
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Median Dose ◽  
Stage Iiia ◽  
Adequate Dose ◽  
Simultaneous Radiochemotherapy ◽  
Acceptable Side

e17516 Background: To explore the side effects and effectivity of simultaneous radiochemotherapy (sim RCT) with cisplatin (Cis-DDP) and vinorelbine orally (VRBo) in pts. with NSCLC. Methods: From 2009 and 2011, a total of 20 pts. (5 female, 15 male) aged between 46 and 82 yrs. with NSCLC stage IIIA/B were irradiated with a median dose of 66.6 Gy to the primary and 45 Gy to the involved nodes as neoadjuvant or palliative treatment. Treatment volumes were adapted to tumor shrinkage after 19.8, 30.6, 45 and 59.4 Gy. Cis-DDP (20 mg/qm d1-4, d29-32) and VRBo (50 mg/qm d1,8,15,22,36,43) were administered simultaneously. Comorbidity was scored by the Charlson Index and nutritional status was monitored. Results: Toxicity rates: thrombopenia 3° 10%, 4° 0%, leucopenia 3° 15%, 4° 20%, haemoglobin 0% 3°/4°, esophagitis 3° 5%, 4° 0%, pneumonitis 3° 0%, 4° 5%. No reduction of planned RT-dose. Chx reduction was done due to hematologic toxicity in 35%. Response rates: CR 10%, PR 75%, SD 10%, PD 5%. 11pts. (55%) are alive after a median FU of 19 months. Conclusions: Sim RCT with Cis-DDP and VRBo results in good tumor response rates and is feasible with acceptable side effects. Shrinking treatment volumes allow adequate dose escalation without the risk for early locoregional recurrence.

Treatment of neoplastic fever and sweats in two cancer patients with oxybutynin.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Smith ◽  
Mark Yarchoan ◽  
Roberto Antonio Leon-Ferre ◽  
Wendy Tucker ◽  
Charles L. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Bleeding Diathesis ◽  
Neoplastic Fever ◽  
Over Time

128 Background: Treatment for neoplastic fevers and sweating (NFS) is usually accomplished successfully with non-steroidal drugs (NSAIDs) such as naproxen, but such therapies may be contraindicated in some patients due to drug interactions, bleeding diathesis, renal disease, or cirrhosis. Options for treating NFS in such patients are limited. Methods: We report the first use of oxybutynin (OxyB), commonly used for hyperhidrosis and increasingly used for hormonally mediated hot flashes (Smith TJ, NEJM 2018; Leon-Ferre R, SABCS 2018, under review in JNCI Cancer Spectrum, for NFS in NSAID-ineligible or refractory patients. Results: Two patients with NFS were treated. The first was a 70 year old (yo) woman with cholangiocarcinoma with 3 months of NFS for whom naproxen was ineffective and who was starting chemotherapy. Within 2 hours after 2.5 mg OxyB q12h her sweating was gone, and her fever, which had been up to 100.4F, never resumed. The second was a 52 yo male with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma who was prescribed 2.5 mg q12h OxyB with lysis of his fever within hours and cessation of his sweating. To date, over one month has passed with no reduction in efficacy. Conclusions: OxyB may be a successful treatment modality for patients with NFS who cannot be treated with or are refractory to NSAIDs. Further research is warranted to ensure stability of results over time and to monitor for side effects.

Artificial induction of lactation by hypothalamic implantation of perphenazine in virgin goats

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgette Vandeputte-van Messom ◽  
G. Peeters ◽  
H. Lauwers
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
First Time ◽  
Suitable Technique

SummaryPerphenazine (0·8–1mg) caused udder growth and artificial induction of lactation, when stereotaxically implanted into the median eminence of virgin female goats. Sham implantations into the median eminence or implantation of perphenazine into sites of the hypothalamus not in the immediate proximity of the median eminence were ineffective. Fourteen–twenty-two d after implantation the goats were milked for the first time. Maximal milk yields of 250–1050 ml/d were achieved 3–5 months later. Udder development and induction of lactation during the premilking period were exclusively due to the action of perphenazine. It is likely that after implantation the milking stimulus played a synergic role with perphenazine in the progressive increase and the maintenance of lactation. Apparently no side effects were caused by the drug. Implantation of small doses of perphenazine in the hypothalamus might be a suitable technique for studying the physiological effects of increased levels of endogenous prolactin in goats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document