Evaluation and Immediacy in Attitude Inference

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-646
Author(s):  
Gerald L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Verbal Immediacy ◽  
Evaluative Dimension ◽  
Written Descriptions

The present study examined attitude inference from speakers' statements varying in degree of directness or “immediacy” and positive or negative evaluation. Immediacy in a communication refers to the degree of closeness or intensity evident when communicating about an object or event. Using a Latin square design, combinations of positive, negative, and immediate, non-immediate statements were presented to Ss asked to infer the attitude of the speakers so represented. Analysis of ratings and written descriptions indicated the evaluative dimension had a significant effect on ratings, immediacy producing no significant effect on ratings or written descriptions. Results suggested the importance of involvement and need for specification of evaluative context in assessing verbal immediacy in communication.

Effects of Age on Ranking for Reduction in Work Force

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1203-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Drehmer ◽  
Cosimo A. Carlucci ◽  
James E. Bordieri ◽  
Laura B. Pincus
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Reduction In Force ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Discrimination In Employment ◽  
Written Descriptions

A laboratory experiment tested the hypothesis that age and written descriptions of performance affected simulated evaluations for reduction in work force. 56 supervisors and managers attending night school reviewed written descriptions of seven individuals' performance. Seven different ages ranging from 25 to 63 years were paired with each individual's performance in a within-subject Latin square design. Each subject rated seven simulated individuals on 10 attributes and made recommendations in the form of comparative rankings for a simulated reduction in force. Chronological age effects on performance rankings were not found. Statistically removing rating components (work performance and sociability) from rankings using an analysis of covariance also yielded no age-related bias but did indicate that the subjects were able to distinguish among performance descriptions. These findings are discussed in relation to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act.

Nepotism in the Hiring of Leaders

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Darioly ◽  
Ronald E. Riggio
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Hiring Decision ◽  
Job Application ◽  
Career Progress

This study examines how applicants who are relatives of the company’s executives are perceived when they are being considered for a leadership position. In a 2 (Family ties: with vs. without) × 2 (Applicant qualifications: well-qualified vs. underqualified) experimental design, 165 Swiss employees read the applicant’s job application and evaluated the hiring decision, the perceived competence, and the perceived career progress of the target employee. This research showed that even a well-qualified potential employee received a more negative evaluation if the candidate had family ties to the company. Despite their negative evaluation of potential nepotistic hires, the participants nevertheless believed that family ties would boost the career progress of an underqualified applicant. Limitations and implications are discussed.

The Latin Square Task as a Measure of Relational Reasoning

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke J. Hearne ◽  
Damian P. Birney ◽  
Luca Cocchi ◽  
Jason B. Mattingley
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract. The Latin Square Task (LST) is a relational reasoning paradigm developed by Birney, Halford, and Andrews (2006) . Previous work has shown that the LST elicits typical reasoning complexity effects, such that increases in complexity are associated with decrements in task accuracy and increases in response times. Here we modified the LST for use in functional brain imaging experiments, in which presentation durations must be strictly controlled, and assessed its validity and reliability. Modifications included presenting the components within each trial serially, such that the reasoning and response periods were separated. In addition, the inspection time for each LST problem was constrained to five seconds. We replicated previous findings of higher error rates and slower response times with increasing relational complexity and observed relatively large effect sizes (η2p > 0.70, r > .50). Moreover, measures of internal consistency and test-retest reliability confirmed the stability of the LST within and across separate testing sessions. Interestingly, we found that limiting the inspection time for individual problems in the LST had little effect on accuracy relative to the unconstrained times used in previous work, a finding that is important for future brain imaging experiments aimed at investigating the neural correlates of relational reasoning.

Negative Evaluation by Others Not an Impact on Lesbian Parenting

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. W. Bos ◽  
◽  
F. van Balen ◽  
D. van den Boom
Keyword(s):  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Lesbian Parenting

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Spirulina platensis terhadap Respon Imun Humoral Mencit setelah Uji Tantang Dengan Takizoit

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorta Basar Ida Simanjuntak ◽  
Sukarti Moeljopawiro ◽  
Wayan Tunas Artama ◽  
Subagus Wahyuono
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Latin Square

Toksoplasmosis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Toxoplasma gondii. Penyakit ini sangat berbahaya pada hewan maupun manusia. Toksoplasmosis sampai sekarang masih sulit ditanggulangi. Untuk itu, dicari akternatif dengan cara pemberian imunostimulator, seperti Spirulina platensis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ekstrak Spirulina platensis yang paling potensial meningkatkan respon imun humoral dan mengetahui dosis Spirulina platensis yang efektif dalam meningkatkan respons imun humoral. Rancangan penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola Faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah jenis ekstrak (ekstrak etil asetat, ekstrak air dan Spirulina platensis murni). Faktor kedua adalah dosis ekstrak (0, 5, 10, 15 mg/ekor mencit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat dengan dosis 5 mg/ekor mencit adalah yang terbaik meningkatkan respon imun humoral. Uji lanjut dengan Latin Square Design (LSD) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara jenis ekstrak dan dosis ekstrak.

EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia Mangostana L.) SEBAGAI OBAT ANTI DIARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Zaim Anshari ◽  
Chrismis Novalinda Ginting ◽  
Linda Chiuman ◽  
Yuliani Mardiati Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Papaverine Hydrochloride

This study aims to determine whether mangosteen rind extract (in the form of ethanol extract/EE) can be used as an anti-diarrhea drug after compared with other anti-diarrhea substances in three experimental groups. This research is an in vitro experimental study using adult male guinea pigs weighing 400-600 gr through the standard method of Magnus with the Latin square controlled experiment design. The study was conducted at the Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of North Sumatra. The results showed that the contraction of ileum in Ach with Atp + Ach compared the difference in contraction of ileum Ach with EE + Ach showed the difference in difference between the two contractions of the ileum was significant, the contraction of ileum in His with Dip + His compared indifference in contraction of ileum His with EE + His showed a difference indifference. the two ileal contractions are significant, the ileal contraction in the bar with Papa + Bar compared to the difference between the ileum bar contraction with EE + Bar shows no difference in the difference between the two ileum contractions. The conclusion is that the Mangosteen Skin Ethanol Extract works similarly to Papaverine Hydrochloride which is an antidiarrheal drug used to relax smooth muscles so that it can also make blood vessels dilate by relaxing smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels.

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