Sex Differences, Dominance, and Physical Attractiveness in the Use of Nonverbal Emblems

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy H. Poling
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Frequency Count ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Female Subjects

40 male and 40 female subjects were selected according to high and low levels of dominance and physical attractiveness. Each subject was assigned to a male or female interviewer who verbally administered a 3-min. biographical questionnaire while an observer made a frequency count of the nonverbal emblems used by the subjects. In general, female subjects expressed more emblems than males and subjects of high dominance expressed more emblems than low dominant subjects. Findings were qualified by the following: highly attractive women used more emblems than did women of low attractiveness or men, use of emblems did not differ as a function of attractiveness for men, in same-sex dyads use of emblems did not differ as a function of dominance but in cross-sex dyads highly dominant men and women showed more use than did men and women low in dominance.

Toward Understanding the Contributions of Sex and Situation to Behavior in a College Setting

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-883
Author(s):  
Nancy Lipsitt ◽  
Rose R. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
College Setting ◽  
Female Subjects

The relative contribution of sex and situation has become a contested issue in the understanding of sex differences in behavior. In the present study, 20 male and 20 female undergraduates were asked to describe their behavior and thoughts in six everyday college situations. Three of the situations were constructed to be typically male and three typically female in content. The results indicate that men and women demonstrate sex-specific characteristics in their responses regardless of the type of situation presented. Men exhibited concern with separateness from others, while women exhibited concern with sustaining connection to others, even when faced with situations described to present demand properties that might be expected specifically to elicit the concern characteristic of the other sex. However, for these students the situation also made a difference: female-defined situations elicited the most masculine responses for both male and female subjects.

scholarly journals Netflix and Chill? What Sex Differences Can Tell Us About Mate Preferences in (Hypothetical) Booty-Call Relationships

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470491881213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evita March ◽  
George Van Doorn ◽  
Rachel Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Women’S Preferences

The booty-call relationship is defined by both sexual characteristics and emotional involvement. In the current study, men’s and women’s preferences for a booty-call mate were explored. Men and women were predicted to exhibit different mate preferences depending on whether they considered a booty-call relationship a short- or long-term relationship. Participants ( N = 559, 74% women) completed an anonymous online questionnaire, designing their ideal booty-call mate using the mate dollars paradigm. Both sexes considered the physical attractiveness and kindness of a booty-call mate a necessity, expressing both short- and long-term mate preferences. The current study highlights the need to explore mate preferences outside the dichotomy of short- and long-term relationships, providing evidence of a compromise relationship.

Cultural and Sex Differences in Rating the Self and an Hypothetical Well-Adjusted Person on Jack's Divided Self and Care as Self-Sacrifice Subscales

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Koutrelakos ◽  
A. J. Baranchik ◽  
N. Damato
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
The Self ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Divided Self ◽  
The Usa

Ratings of the self and of an hypothetical well-adjusted man and woman on the Divided Self and Care as Self-sacrifice subscales of the Silencing the Self Scale were obtained for samples of men and women in the USA and Greece. Factor analysis confirmed the items' assignment to subscales for each of the three sets of ratings. Generally, Greeks scored higher than Americans on both subscales. While men usually scored higher than women on the Care subscale in both countries, they only did so in Greece for the Divided Self. Women had greater discrepancies than men between their self and well-adjusted same-sex rating on both subscales in each country, with this sex difference being greater in Greece than the USA and greater on the Care subscale in both countries.

Mediation and moderation in ratings of hostile jokes by men and women

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Millicent H. Abel ◽  
Jason Flick
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Moderation Effects ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Mediation And Moderation

AbstractTwo studies were conducted to examine sex differences in enjoyment of hostile jokes targeting men and women with a focus on examining mediation effects of masculinity and femininity and moderation effects of the jokes' offensiveness. These studies continued to support men and women enjoying jokes targeting the opposite sex more so than jokes targeting the same sex. However, in Study 1, masculinity and femininity mediated these differences for men with higher masculinity related to greater enjoyment of the female hostile jokes and higher femininity related to greater enjoyment of the male hostile jokes. Masculinity alone mediated the differences for women with higher masculinity related to greater enjoyment of the female-targeted jokes and yet, no relationship existed with femininity. In Study 2, both men and women rated the female-targeted jokes as more offensive than the male-targeted jokes. A moderation effect for the jokes' offensiveness occurred for women who rated highly offensive male-targeted jokes funnier than highly offensive female-targeted jokes. No effect for offensiveness occurred for men; men rated both offensive female-targeted and male-targeted jokes equally funny even though they rated the female jokes as more offensive.

Exploratory Investigation of Perceptions of Influences on Best-Friend Relationships

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Female Subjects

24 male and 24 female college undergraduates (aged 18 to 50 yr.) responded to close-ended and open-ended questions concerning a relationship with a male or female best friend. Subjects rated important variables derived from theory and previous attraction-friendship research. There was no evidence for gender differences except that “shared interests” and “stability of relationship” were more important for friendships with a male, and female subjects rated “boost each other's egos” as more important than males did. Physical attractiveness was more important for other-sex relationships than for same sex. Self-generated characteristics suggested important variables not included in social psychological literature.

Midlife Friendships in an American Faculty Sample

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1127-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Fiebert ◽  
Kimberly S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
American Sample ◽  
Description Form

This study explored midlife same-sex friendship patterns in an American sample of married faculty members. of particular interest were perceived changes in friendship behavior from young adulthood to midlife and sex differences in friendship interactions. 14 men and 14 women between the ages of 40 and 55 yr. provided responses in a structured interview and completed a comprehensive friendship survey, the Acquaintance Description Form. Analysis showed that while both men and women spend less time now with their close friends than they did formerly, the strength of relationship and expressed self-disclosure were perceived to increase with time. Women, compared to men, reported relating more intimately with their friends and rated their current friendships as more important to them than did men. The durations of men's friendships, both currently and retrospectively, were longer than women's.

Associations of Sex and Type of Relationship on Intimacy

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1322-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Salas ◽  
Kay E. Ketzenberger
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women

Sex differences in self-perceived intimacy were investigated in both same-sex friendships and romantic relationships. Men and women had significantly different means on intimacy with their same-sex friends but reported similar means with romantic partners. Both men and women reported significantly higher mean scores on intimacy with romantic partners than with friends.

Women Still Want Marriage: Sex Differences in Lonely Hearts Advertisements

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Sitton ◽  
Edward T. Rippee
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Personal Advertisements

Personal advertisements from a metropolitan newspaper were analyzed for content and amount of self-disclosure. Men and women disclosed information at the same rate. They also stipulated physical attractiveness, athleticism, and the desire for companionship equally often. Women, however, stipulated a desire for the partner's financial security and for marriage significantly more frequently than men.

Sex Differences in the Aspects of Team Sport Participation Viewed as Enjoyable

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Cacioppo ◽  
Charlotte A. Lowell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sport Competition

Eight situations dealing with team sports were described to 63 male and 63 female undergraduates. Each situation depicted a team competition involving same-sex members, and subjects were told specifically about the affiliation, acquaintance, and skill of one of the participants. Subjects indicated how enjoyable they viewed each of the eight sports situations, how many years they had participated in team sports, and how much experience they had in team sport competition. The results suggested that men and women similarly enjoyed aspects of team sport participation that improved their chances of winning and interacting cooperatively with friends, but men seemed to enjoy the ego-challenging aspects of team sports more than women.

Differences between men and women in age preferences for a same-sex partner

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Over ◽  
Gabriel Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Personal Advertisements ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Data Call ◽  
Sex Partner

We show through analysis of personal advertisements that age preferences for a homosexual or lesbian partner are similar to differences found between men and women in age preferences for a opposite-sex partner. Such data call into question the claim by Kenrick & Keefe (1992) that the sex differences in age selectivity in mate selection are governed by reproductive strategies.

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