Development of a Litigaphobia Scale: Measurement of Excessive Fear of Litigation

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances A. Breslin ◽  
Kathryn R. Taylor ◽  
Stanley L. Brodsky
Keyword(s):  
Item Pool ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Scaling Procedure ◽  
Initial Item ◽  
Guttman Scaling ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Main Factor

The present investigation was directed toward the development of a psychometrically sound instrument that would permit measurement and understanding of the phenomenon of litigaphobia. An initial item pool of 143 items was subjected to a Thurstone analysis. 47 items survived this screening for low ambiguity and uniform spread of tearfulness. These 47 items were administered to 123 physicians and psychologists in a six-point Likert format. The Kuder-Richardson-20 split-half analysis was .90. Next a series of factor analyses were performed. A main factor was identified as generalized litigaphobia and a second factor was labelled invulnerability to litigation. A Guttman scaling procedure for Factor I yielded a four-item scale with a reproducibility coefficient of .92.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Organizational Stressor Indicator for Sport Performers (OSI-SP)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Arnold ◽  
David Fletcher ◽  
Kevin Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Organizational Stressors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Initial Item ◽  
Development And Validation

The series of related studies reported here describe the development and validation of the Organizational Stressor Indicator for Sport Performers (OSI-SP). In Study 1, an expert and usability panel examined the content validity and applicability of an initial item pool. The resultant 96 items were analyzed with exploratory factor analyses in Study 2, with the factorial structure comprising 5 factors (viz., Goals and Development, Logistics and Operations, Team and Culture, Coaching, Selection) and 33 items. Using confirmatory factor analyses, Studies 3 and 4 found support for the 5-factor structure. Study 4 also provided evidence for the OSI-SP’s concurrent validity and invariance across different groups. The OSI-SP is proposed as a valid and reliable measure of the organizational stressors encountered by sport performers.

The Development of Preliminary HiTOP Internalizing Spectrum Scales

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110039
Author(s):  
David Watson ◽  
Miriam K. Forbes ◽  
Holly F. Levin-Aspenson ◽  
Camilo J. Ruggero ◽  
Yuliya Kotelnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Formal Definitions ◽  
Body Dysmorphia ◽  
Item Writing ◽  
Report Measure

As part of a broader project to create a comprehensive self-report measure for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology consortium, we developed preliminary scales to assess internalizing symptoms. The item pool was created in four steps: (a) clarifying the range of content to be assessed, (b) identifying target constructs to guide item writing, (c) developing formal definitions for each construct, and (d) writing multiple items for each construct. This yielded 430 items assessing 57 target constructs. Responses from a heterogeneous scale development sample ( N = 1,870) were subjected to item-level factor analyses based on polychoric correlations. This resulted in 39 scales representing a total of 213 items. The psychometric properties of these scales replicated well across the development sample and an independent validation sample ( N = 496 adults). Internal consistency analyses established that most scales assess relatively narrow forms of psychopathology. Structural analyses demonstrated the presence of a strong general factor. Additional analyses of the 35 nonsexual dysfunction scales revealed a replicable four-factor structure with dimensions we labeled Distress, Fear, Body Dysmorphia, and Mania. A final set of analyses established that the internalizing scales varied widely—and consistently—in the strength of their associations with neuroticism and extraversion.

Initial development of the Dance Imagery Questionnaire for Children (DIQ-C): establishing content validity

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Muir ◽  
Krista Munroe-Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Expert Rating ◽  
Content Relevance ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
Initial Item ◽  
Item Content ◽  
Dance Imagery

AbstractGiven the differences between young dancers’ and adult dancers’ use of imagery, a valid and reliable questionnaire specific to young dancers was necessary. The current study is the first phase of a multi-phase study in the development of the Dance Imagery Questionnaire for Children (DIQ-C). Specifically, the purpose of this study was to establish content validity of the DIQ-C. This was achieved through the following three stages: (1) definition, item, and scale development, (2) assessment of item clarity and appropriateness via cognitive interviews, and (3) assessment of item-content relevance via an expert rating panel. Guided by previous qualitative research with young dancers, 46 items representing seven subscales (i.e., imagery types) were developed. The initial item pool was then implemented during cognitive interviews with 16 dancers (15 females; Mage=10.63, SD=1.82), which led to the removal of 13 items and the modification of 21 items. Consequently, the revised 33-item pool was then administered to an expert panel of four imagery researchers and four dance instructors to measure item-content relevance. This resulted in the removal of eight items, the revision of four items, and the merging of two subscales. Overall, the current study provides content validity evidence for a 25-item pool (representing five subscales) to be used in further development of the DIQ-C (i.e., identifying and establishing factor structure).

Are the Dimensions Underlying Aesthetic and Affective Judgment the Same?

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Baltissen ◽  
Barbara-Maria Ostermann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Emotional Factor ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Affective Judgment ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
Emotional Pictures ◽  
Main Factor

To investigate whether aesthetic and affective judgment are similar, ninety-six subjects rated twenty-four art pictures varying in theme and date of creation as well as twenty-three emotion inducing slides (IAPS) representing different emotional qualities on nine bipolar 8-point scales, e.g., warm-cold, meaningful-not meaningful. Factor analyses performed separately for each picture set revealed two basic dimensions, named cognitive and emotional factors, explaining about 60 percent of the variance. In the case of artworks, the dominant factor was constituted by cognitive scales (meaningful, interesting, simple); regarding the affective slides, the main factor was constituted by emotional scales (warm, emotional, arousing). ANOVAs confirmed the expected differences between themes and date of creation for the art picture as well as the differences between emotional qualities of the IAPS for both, the cognitive and the emotional factor. Proportion of variance of the ratings explained by gender, age, and education was low. Overall, results suggest that looking at art objects is a predominantly cognitive process requiring understanding whereas looking at emotional pictures evokes feelings with cognitive processes being only marginally involved.

Friendship Network Satisfaction: A multifaceted construct scored as a unidimensional scale

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110256
Author(s):  
Victor A. Kaufman ◽  
Jacqueline C. Perez ◽  
Steven P. Reise ◽  
Thomas N. Bradbury ◽  
Benjamin R. Karney
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Well Being ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Friendship Network ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Factor Modeling ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
Unidimensional Scale

Although satisfying friendships are crucial for well-being throughout adulthood, measures of friendship satisfaction have been limited by: (1) item content relevant to children only, (2) a focus on single relationships rather than the friendship network, and (3) disagreement about the number of dimensions necessary to capture the construct. To overcome these limitations, we assembled an item pool from a number of existing measures, created additional items drawn from research on friendships, and then examined the structure and psychometric properties of those items in two online surveys of over 2000 respondents each. Factor analyses consistently identified two correlated factors—closeness and socializing—but bi-factor modeling revealed that scores on both subscales load strongly on a general factor, suggesting that the multifaceted content can be scored efficiently as a unidimensional composite. Analyses using item response theory (IRT) supported the creation of a reliable 14-item instrument that demonstrated adequate convergent and predictive validity. Thus, the Friendship Network Satisfaction (FNS) Scale is a psychometrically sound tool to advance research on friendships across the lifespan.

scholarly journals The Discrepancies Between Individual-Set and Parent-Set Career Goals Scale: Development and Initial Validation

2020 ◽  
pp. 089484532090179
Author(s):  
Dian R. Sawitri ◽  
Peter A. Creed ◽  
Mirwan S. Perdhana
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Career Goals ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Scale

As there was no existing, psychometrically sound scale that directly assessed the discrepancies that young people experience between individual-set career goals and parent-set career goals, we developed and provided initial validation for a 15-item scale for use with young adults. In Study 1, items were developed, reviewed by experts, and administered to a sample of first year, undergraduate Indonesian students ( N = 426, M age = 18.42 years). We used exploratory factor analysis to reduce the number of items and assess the factor structure and used confirmatory factor analyses on a holdout sample to assess this underlying structure. We then provided evidence for construct validity. Recommendations for use in research and practice are discussed.

Development and Validation of the Positive Parenting Schema Inventory (PPSI) to Complement the Young Parenting Inventory (YPI) for Schema Therapy (ST)

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Louis ◽  
Alex M. Wood ◽  
George Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Schema Therapy ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Initial Item ◽  
Item Responses ◽  
Positive Schemas

The factor structure of an initial item pool of 207 positive parenting items was investigated (Manila; n = 520, 538) to develop the Positive Parenting Schema Inventory. Single group and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses of the Positive Parenting Schema Inventory showed invariance of the factor structure in six out of the seven levels on two other independent samples (Eastern, Indonesia; n = 366, 383; Western, the United States; n = 204, 214). Good values for reliability were obtained for its seven subscales (50 items) using coefficient omegas (.71 to .95). Evidence of validity based on test content, response processes (item responses to desired inferences), internal structure (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses), relations to other variables (correlations with other instruments), and consequences of testing (correlations with positive schemas) were demonstrated. A core tenet of schema therapy theory was supported in that recall of past positive parenting patterns were associated with current levels of positive schemas.

scholarly journals Assessing Personality States: What to Consider when Constructing Personality State Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai T. Horstmann ◽  
Matthias Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
General Guideline ◽  
State Measure ◽  
Initial Item

Repeated assessments of personality states in daily diary or experience sampling studies have become a more and more common tool in the psychologist's toolbox. However, and contrary to the widely available literature on personality traits, no best practices for the development of personality state measures exist, and personality state measures have been developed in many different ways. To address this, we first define what a personality state is and discuss important components. On the basis of this, we define what a personality state measure is and suggest a general guideline for the development of such measures. Following the ABC of test construction can then guide the strategy for obtaining validity and reliability evidence: (A) What is the construct being measured? (B) What is the intended purpose of the measure? And (C) What is the targeted population of persons and situations? We then conclude with an example by developing an initial item pool for the assessment of conscientiousness personality states. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

Construction and Validation of the Factorial Arabic Neuroticism Scale

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
English Version ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Neuroticism Scale

The present aim was to construct and validate the Factorial Arabic Neuroticism Scale. Based on the scales developed by Eysenck, Cattell, and Guilford, the item pool consisted of 226 nonrepeated items. Five Ph.D. referees shortened the pool to 84 items. Then, the item-remainder correlation, the exclusion of the items with significant correlation with scores on Extraversion, and several cycles of factor analyses yielded 20 items representing the final version. The principal components analysis yielded two high-loaded factors of General Neuroticism and Sleep problems and tension. Reliability coefficients alpha ranged from .89 to .94 and between .81 and .91 for test-retest, indicating good internal consistency and temporal stability, respectively. Criterion-related validity ranged between .75 and .79 against scores on the Neuroticism subscale of the NEO-PI–R. Females obtained significantly higher mean scores than males for three of six comparisons (by age) among school and university students ( N = 2,783). An English version is available. The scale may be recommended for use in research, especially on cross-cultural comparisons and for assessing the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy.

scholarly journals Construction of a religious identity status questionnaire

Psihologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-220
Author(s):  
Irena Stojkovic ◽  
Sanja Dimoski ◽  
Jovan Miric
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Ego Identity ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
Ego Identity Status ◽  
Initial Item

This study presents a construction and psychometric evaluation of the Religious Identity Status Questionnaire ? RISQ for the assessment of the religious identity status according to Marcia?s ego identity status approach. The initial item pool was generated based on Erikson?s theory of psychosocial development, Marcia?s ego identity status approach and interviews with adolescents and young adults. A factor analysis of the initial item pool was performed on data obtained from a sample of 394 secondary school and university students from Serbia to select items for the questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was examined on a sample of 1155 subjects. The results of the CFA suggest that subscales of the RISQ measure four factors corresponding to the identity statuses of Marcia?s model. Correlations with ideological identity subscales of the EOM?EIS?2 suggest the convergent validity of the questionnaire. Configural measurement invariance was established for gender and denominational groups. Metric invariance was established for gender and among orthodox and catholic participants, whereas scalar invariance was established for gender, but not for denominational groups.

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