Self-Actualization and Personal Autonomy

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1263-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Walter Bordages
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Reasoning Test ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Performance Analyses ◽  
Personal Orientation

Self-actualizing individuals, according to Maslow (1954), are hypothesized to operate autonomously of external expectations due to their undistorted perceptions of their own realistic abilities. Scores on the Personal Orientation Inventory, a measure of self-actualization, were used to divide subjects into high, medium, or low self-actualizing categories. Subjects were given a Logical Reasoning Ability Test over three treatment conditions: high, low, and no expectations with regard to performance. Analyses indicated greater personal autonomy for high and moderate self-actualizing subjects than in nonself-actualizing subjects, who showed the greatest variance in their reasoning test scores.

Effects on Self-Actualization of Paperbacks about Psychological Self-Help

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3_part_2) ◽  
pp. 1243-1246
Author(s):  
James J. Forest
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Treatment Condition ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
Time Competence

Self-help psychology books contain claims that they can help individuals solve personal and social problems. However, there is little research on the efficacy of these books although theory and data from traditional, and behavioristic, bibliotherapy suggests that they might be valuable. This study examined the effects of self-help paperbacks on self-actualization scores in a 2 X 3 design that varied presence or absence of a pretest on the Personal Orientation Inventory and an intervening treatment condition which involved reading either one of two self-help books or reading no book. Self-actualization was measured by a posttest on the inventory. Significant effects were found for the pretest and treatment conditions on both the Inner-directedness and Time competence scales. The presence of a pretest, and both self-help books, led to higher self-actualization scores. These findings support the hypothesis that reading self-help psychology books may be associated with increased self-reported scores of mental health.

Growth in Self-Actualization (Personal Orientation Inventory) in Adult Encounter Groups

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Les Beach
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Total Sample Size ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Personal Orientation

To test the efficacy of the Personal Orientation Inventory in assessing growth in self-actualization in relation to encounter groups and to provide a more powerful measure of such changes, pre- and posttest data from 3 highly comparable encounter groups (N = 43) were combined for analysis. Results indicated that the Personal Orientation Inventory is a sensitive instrument for assessing personal growth in encounter groups and that a larger total sample size provides more significant results than those reported for small samples (e. g., fewer than 15 participants).

A Jesus Community in South Africa: Self-Actualization or Need for Security?

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Stones
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
The Self ◽  
Home Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jesus Movement ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Personal Orientation

22 members of the Jesus movement in Johannesburg, South Africa, were presented with Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory, to assess perceived changes in self-actualization as a function of their religious conversion. The control group, comprising 22 mainstream-church denominational members who had not undergone rapid and emotional conversions, was matched with the Jesus People for age, sex, home-language, and occupation of father. The self-perceptions of the Jesus People were significantly mote self-actualizing than were those of the members of the control group in the before-conversion condition. Perceived self-actualization decreased as a function of their religious experience. It is also suggested that the reported changes may be due to a “rising expectations” effect.

Sensitivity Training and Self-Actualization

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Gilligan
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Training ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
Personal Orientation

50 T-group volunteers who experienced a 24-hr. sensitivity training weekend were compared with a group of 55 student volunteers who had no training. Both groups responded to the Personal Orientation Inventory, a measure of self-actualization, in a pre-post, 6-wk., follow-up design. The T-groups were led by 10 paraprofessionals. Volunteers were found after training to be guided more by their own internal values, feelings and goals, and less controlled by external influences than were nonparticipants. This level of inner directedness or self-actualization was still significantly higher 6 wk. after the training weekend.

T-Group Training and Self-Actualization

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary L. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Group Training ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of T-group training on trainees' self-actualization. Trainees were given the Personal Orientation Inventory before and after 2 1-wk. T-groups. They showed significant change in the direction of becoming more independent and self-supporting, more flexible, more sensitive to their own needs and feelings, more spontaneous and more accepting of aggression.

A Preliminary Study of Opening-up Meditation, College Adjustment, and Self-Actualization

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Tloczynski
Keyword(s):  
College Adjustment ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Meditation Group ◽  
Personal Orientation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Opening Up

The effects of opening-up meditation on college adjustment and self-actualization were examined with 45 subjects who were divided into groups for opening-up meditation, relaxation, and control using scores on the Anxiety Scale of the College Adjustment Scales. Subjects also completed the Personal Orientation Inventory. 1 hr. of training for the meditation and relaxation groups was given and 20 min./day practice requested. After 2 and 4 wk. anxiety and family problem scores significantly increased for the meditation group as did scores on the Feeling Reactivity Scale. Analysis was compromised by high dropout (leaving 3, 4, and 3 subjects, respectively, in the meditation, relaxation, and control groups).

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