Content Validity of the Psychiatric Symptom Index, CES-Depression Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory from the Perspective of DSM-IV

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Okun ◽  
Ruth E. K. Stein ◽  
Laurie J. Bauman ◽  
Ellen Johnson Silver
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Psychiatric Symptom ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptom Index ◽  
Dsm Iv

We compared the item content of three commonly used scales of psychiatric symptoms [the broad-band Psychiatric Symptom Index (Ilfeld) and two narrow-band scales, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (Radloff) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger)], with diagnostic criteria and criterion-based symptoms for Major Depressive Episode and Generalized Anxiety Disorder as they appeared in DSM-IV. The Psychiatric Symptom Index and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale each measured 7 of 9 criterion-based symptoms of Major Depressive Episode. The Psychiatric Symptom Index and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory each measured 5 of 8 domains for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The Psychiatric Symptom Index had comparable content validity to the narrow-band measures. All met a majority of DSM-IV criteria for depression and anxiety, supporting their applicability for current research.

VALIDATION OF ZUNG'S SELF-RATING DEPRESSION SCALE AMONG THE COLOMBIAN GENERAL POPULATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Campo-Arias ◽  
Luis Alfonso Díaz-Martínez ◽  
German Eduardo ◽  
Rueda Jaimes ◽  
Laura Del Pilar Cadena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Area Under Roc Curve ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
General Community

This study aimed to validate Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS; 1965) among Colombian people living in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Although used frequently in Colombian investigations to identify depressive disorders, the SDS had not been validated formally among the general Colombian population. Participants were a random sample of people dwelling in an urban area, mean age was 37.4 years (SD 12.7). Participants filled out the SDS, and were then interviewed by psychiatrists using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 1999) to diagnosis a major depressive episode (MDE) during the last month. Forty was taken as a cut-off point. SDS scores ranged from 21 to 62 (M 36.5, SD 9.1). Using the SDS, 95 (35.7%) persons reported clinically meaningful depressive symptoms. The SCID-I interview identified 44 (16.5%) persons with MDE. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.832. The sensitivity was 88.6% (95%CI 74.6–95.7), the specificity 74.8% (95%CI 68.4–80.2), the positive predictive value 41.1% (95%CI 31.2–51.6), the negative predict value 97.1% (95%CI 92.9–98.9), half Cohen's kappa coefficient 0.433 (95%CI 0.327–0.539), and area under ROC curve 0.901 (95%CI 0.857–0.945). The SDS was found to be a useful tool for screening MDE among the general community.

Do Suicidal Females have “Male-type” Depression?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Z. Rihmer ◽  
W. Rutz ◽  
A. Rihmer ◽  
X. Gonda ◽  
R. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Male Depression ◽  
Male Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Normal Controls

Recent studies suggest an evidence for a “male depressive syndrome” in patients with major depressive disorder.Because males are markedly overrepresented among suicide victims and the opposite is true for suicide attempters, we investigated the rate and global severity of Gotland Male Depression as measured by the Gotland Male Depression scale in 86 suicide victims (74 males, 12 females), 86 suicide attempters (21 males, 65 females) with current DSM-IV major depressive episode and in 144 normal controls (116 males, 28 females). The rate of Gotland “Male” Depression (total score of 13 or more) was significantly higher in depressed suicide victims (98%) and in depressed suicide attempters (93%) than in normal controls (2%, p=0.00001). Among depressed suicide victims 100% of males and 83% of females have had Gotland “Male” Depression (p=0.02) while the same figures among the depressed suicide attempters were 91% and 94%, respectively (not significant). The total Gotland Male Depression scores were significantly higher in depressive suicide victims (22.26) and depressive suicide attempters (23.23) than in normal controls (4.01, p=0.00001 and p=0.0001, respectively), with significant gender differences only among depressed suicide victims (males: 22.85, females: 18.58, p=0.009) and normal controls (males: 4.33, females: 2.71, p=0.05).However, since male and female depressed inpatients do not show clinically significant difference in their mean total scores on Gotland scale symptoms (11.99 vs 12.04, Möller-Leimkühler et al, 2004), it would be premature to conclude from our present findings that compared to nonsuicidal female depressives, suicidal female depressives have male-type depression profile.

scholarly journals The relationship between cannabis use and measures of anxiety and depression in a sample of college campus cannabis users and non-users post state legalization in Colorado

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy J. Troup ◽  
Jeremy A. Andrzejewski ◽  
Jacob T. Braunwalder ◽  
Robert D. Torrence
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Control Group ◽  
User Group ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Relationship

As part of an ongoing research program into the relationship between cannabis use and emotion processing, participants were assessed on their level of cannabis exposure using the Recreational Cannabis Use Examination, a measure developed specifically to assess cannabis use in Colorado post state legalization. Three groups were created based on self-reported use: a control group who have never used, a casual user group and a chronic user group. Each participant also completed two measures of mood assessment, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Relationships between cannabis use groups and scores on these measures were then analyzed using both correlations and multivariate analysis of variance. Results indicate a relationship between casual cannabis use and scoring highly for depressive symptomatology on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. There were no significant relationships between cannabis use and scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

scholarly journals Validation of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) for screening of major depressive episode among adults from the general population

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Tiago N Munhoz ◽  
Beatriz Franck Tavares ◽  
Ana Paula Pereira Neto Barbosa ◽  
Diego Mello da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Major Depressive

Prolactin secretion in response to haloperidol challenge in delusional (psychotic) and non-delusional depression

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 480-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Lykouras ◽  
M Markianos ◽  
J Hatzimanolis ◽  
P Oulis ◽  
G.N Christodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Psychotic Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Delusional Depression ◽  
Neurotransmitter Activity ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Psychotic Features

Certain studies on measures related to central neurotransmitter activity have demonstrated that in delusional (psychotic) depression there is a dopaminergic dysregulation which distinguishes it from non-psychotic depression. A neuroendocrinologic method to check the degree of DA receptor responsivity is by measuring the prolactin responses to acute intramuscular administration of haloperidol. We studied this possibility by applying the haloperidol test in seven delusional and ten non-delusional depressed patients. All patients met DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive episode, single or recurrent, with or without psychotic features. After a three-week washout period, 5 mg of haloperidol were injected i.m. and blood samples were taken at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. In both trials, significant time effects were observed (elevated prolactin levels, F = 11.36, P = 0.000). However, the prolactin responses to haloperidol did not differ significantly between the two patient groups (F = 0.12, P = 0.97). These data do not show a difference in D2 receptor responsivity, at least at the hypothalamus-pituitary level, between psychotic and non-psychotic depression.

Empirical Investigation of Two Assumptions in the Diagnosis of DSM-IV Major Depressive Episode

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Sakashita ◽  
Tim Slade ◽  
Gavin Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine two major assumptions behind the DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE): that depression represents a distinct category defined by a valid symptom threshold, and that each depressive symptom contributes equally to the diagnosis. Methods: Data were from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Participants consisted of a random population-based sample of 10 641 community volunteers, representing a response rate of 78%. DSM-IV diagnoses of MDE and other mental disorders were obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 2.0. Analyses were carried out on the subsample of respondents who endorsed either depressed mood or loss of interest (n =2137). Multivariate linear regression analyses examined the relationship between the number and type of symptoms and four independent measures of impairment. Results: The relationship between the number of depressive symptoms and the four measures of impairment was purely linear. Three individual symptoms (sleep problems, energy loss, and psychomotor disturbance) were all independent predictors of three of the four measures of impairment. Conclusions: Counting symptoms alone is limited in guiding a clear diagnostic threshold. The differential impact of individual symptoms on impairment suggests that impairment levels may be more accurately estimated by weighting the particular symptoms endorsed.

Is DSM-IV Bereavement Exclusion for Major Depressive Episode Relevant to Severity and Pattern of Symptoms?

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Corruble ◽  
Virginie-Anne Chouinard ◽  
Alexia Letierce ◽  
Philip A. P. M. Gorwood ◽  
Guy Chouinard
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Dsm Iv
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