Cadmium Toxicity Revisited: Focus on Oxidative Stress Induction and Interactions with Zinc and Magnesium

Cadmium Toxicity Revisited: Focus on Oxidative Stress Induction and Interactions with Zinc and MagnesiumDiscovered in late 1817, cadmium is currently one of the most important occupational and environmental pollutants. It is associated with renal, neurological, skeletal and other toxic effects, including reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. There is still much to find out about its mechanisms of action, biomarkers of critical effects, and ways to reduce health risks. At present, there is no clinically efficient agent to treat cadmium poisoning due to predominantly intracellular location of cadmium ions. This article gives a brief review of cadmium-induced oxidative stress and its interactions with essential elements zinc and magnesium as relevant mechanisms of cadmium toxicity. It draws on available literature data and our own results, which indicate that dietary supplementation of either essential element has beneficial effect under condition of cadmium exposure. We have also tackled the reasons why magnesium addition prevails over zinc and discussed the protective role of magnesium during cadmium exposure. These findings could help to solve the problem of prophylaxis and therapy of increased cadmium body burden.

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Mitochondrial Involvement in the Adaptive Response to Chronic Exposure to Environmental Pollutants and High-Fat Feeding in a Rat Liver and Testis

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8080834 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 834 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Migliaccio ◽

Gregorio ◽

Putti ◽

Lionetti

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽

Adaptive Response ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

High Fat ◽

Stress Induction ◽

Environmental Stimuli ◽

Fat Feeding ◽

And Oxidative Stress

In our modern society, exposure to stressful environmental stimuli, such as pollutants and/or chronic high-fat feeding, continuously induce tissular/organ metabolic adaptation to promote cellular survival. In extreme conditions, cellular death and tissular/organ damage occur. Mitochondria, as a cellular energy source, seem to play an important role in facing cellular stress induced by these environmental stimuli. On the other hand, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a key role in environmental stress-induced metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the combined effect of simultaneous exposure to chronic high-fat feeding and environmental pollutants on metabolic alterations at a tissular and cellular level, including mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induction. Our research group recently addressed this topic by analysing the effect of chronic exposure to a non-toxic dose of the environmental pollutant dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) associated with high-fat feeding in male Wistar rats. In this review, we mainly summarize our recent findings on mitochondrial adaptive response and oxidative stress induction in the liver, the main tissue involved in fat metabolism and pollutant detoxification, and in male gonads, the main targets of endocrine disruption induced by both high-fat feeding and environmental pollutants.

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Role of Toxic Elements in Chronic Kidney Disease

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-8.20.181202 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (20) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adwalia Fevrier-Paul ◽

Adedamola K Soyibo ◽

Sylvia Mitchell ◽

Mitko Voutchkov

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Body Burden ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Toxic Element ◽

The Body ◽

Common Denominator ◽

Chronic Injury

Background. The kidney is central to many complex pathways in the body and kidney injury can precipitate multiple negative clinical outcomes. The resultant effect on nutrition and elemental body burden is bi-directional, confounding the very complex pathways that maintain homeostasis. These elemental changes themselves increase the risk of nutritional and biochemical disturbances. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to describe how toxic elements interface with complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods. The present review included studies focusing on the molecular mechanisms induced by exposure to elements with known nephrotoxic effects and associated health complications in CKD patients. Discussion. Many non-essential elements have nephrotoxic activity. Chronic injury can involve direct tubular damage, activation of mediators of oxidative stress, genetic modifications that predispose poor cardiovascular outcomes, as well as competitive uptake and element mobilization with essential elements, found to be deficient in CKD. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality among CKD patients. Oxidative stress, a common denominator of both deficient and excess element body constitution, underlies many pathological derivatives of chronic kidney disease. Bone disorders, hematological dysfunction and dysregulation of acid-base balance are also prevalent in kidney patients. The largest contribution of toxic element body burden results from environmental exposure and lifestyle practices. However, standard medical therapies may also potentiate toxic element accumulation and re-injury of vulnerable tissue. Conclusions. For CKD patients, the cumulative effect of toxic elements persists throughout the disease and potentiates complications of CKD. Medical management should be coordinated between a medical team, dietitians and clinical researchers to mitigate those harmful effects. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

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Electroanalytical Techniques for the Detection of Selenium as a Biologically and Environmentally Significant Analyte—A Short Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061768 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1768

Author(s):

Miroslav Rievaj ◽

Eva Culková ◽

Damiána Šandorová ◽

Zuzana Lukáčová-Chomisteková ◽

Renata Bellová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Essential Element ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Stripping Voltammetry ◽

Short Review ◽

Electroanalytical Methods ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Speed Of Analysis

This short review deals with the properties and significance of the determination of selenium, which is in trace amounts an essential element for animals and humans, but toxic at high concentrations. It may cause oxidative stress in cells, which leads to the chronic disease called selenosis. Several analytical techniques have been developed for its detection, but electroanalytical methods are advantageous due to simple sample preparation, speed of analysis and high sensitivity of measurements, especially in the case of stripping voltammetry very low detection limits even in picomoles per liter can be reached. A variety of working electrodes based on mercury, carbon, silver, platinum and gold materials were applied to the analysis of selenium in various samples. Only selenium in oxidation state + IV is electroactive therefore the most of voltammetric determinations are devoted to it. However, it is possible to detect also other forms of selenium by indirect electrochemistry approach.

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Environmental pollutants exposure and male reproductive toxicity: The role of epigenetic modifications

Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.tox.2021.152780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 456 ◽

pp. 152780

Author(s):

Xuejingping Han ◽

Qingyu Huang

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Toxicity ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Epigenetic Modifications

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Oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis is involved in bisphenol S‐induced reproductive toxicity in male C57BL/6 mice

Journal of Applied Toxicology ◽

10.1002/jat.4170 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Dai ◽

Qing‐zhi He ◽

Bi‐qi Zhu ◽

Huai‐cai Zeng

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reproductive Toxicity ◽

Bisphenol S

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Cadmium toxicity in Salvia sclarea L.: An integrative response of element uptake, oxidative stress markers, leaf structure and photosynthesis

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 209 ◽

pp. 111851

Author(s):

Anelia G. Dobrikova ◽

Emilia L. Apostolova ◽

Anetta Hanć ◽

Ekaterina Yotsova ◽

Preslava Borisova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cadmium Toxicity ◽

Leaf Structure ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Element Uptake ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Salvia Sclarea

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Determination of essential and non-essential element contents of drinking water and baby water for infant’s nutrition

Main Group Metal Chemistry ◽

10.1515/mgmc-2021-0021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 194-202

Author(s):

Funda Demir ◽

Meral Yildirim Ozen ◽

Emek Moroydor Derun

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Infant Nutrition ◽

Tap Water ◽

Essential Element ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Local Market ◽

Drinking Waters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Element Contents

Abstract In this study, essential (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn), and non-essential (Al, Ni, Pb) element contents of the drinking and baby water samples which are sold in the local market and tap water samples in Istanbul were examined. It was determined that elements of Cr, Cu, Fe, P, Zn, Al, and Ni were below detection limits in all water samples. Among the non-essential elements analyzed in water samples, Pb was the only detected element. At the same time, the percentages that meet the daily element requirements of infants were also calculated. As a result of the evaluations made, there is no significant difference in infant nutrition between baby waters and other drinking waters in terms of the element content.

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