scholarly journals Cannabis and alcohol in road traffic: an overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
M Marcinkova ◽  
L Straka ◽  
F. Novomesky
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Medicine

Abstract Traffic medicine is an important part within the scope of concerns of forensic medicine. We are dealing with consequences of traffic accidents – fatal or survived – but this problem overlaps the borders of our specialization. Sustained injuries are the focus of various fields of medicine and in combination with alcohol and illicit drugs abuse this issue is growing. The following review has an ambition to bring more light into the problem concerning the effect of alcohol and cannabis (which is the most common illicit drug used worldwide) on driving abilities.

scholarly journals Analysis of forensic autopsies in year 2018 at forensic medicine department, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 2199-2202
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qasim ◽  
Muhammad Sharjeel Khalid ◽  
Muhammad Danyal Amjad ◽  
Mobin Inam Pal
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Medical University

Objectives: The study was aimed to audit autopsies in the year 2018 and promoting statistical approach in Forensic Medicine. Also to study the gender based distribution of cases and study shifting trends in weapon of offence. Study Design: Retrospective Study. Setting: Post Mortem Unit of the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad. Period: From 1st January, 2018 to 31st December, 2018. Material & Methods: Autopsy was performed on 248 cases reported to Post Mortem Unit. Study Material was collected from the Post Mortem Unit of Allied Hospital and DHQ Hospital Faisalabad which are referral tertiary care teaching hospitals affiliated with Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad. Results: Out of a total 248 autopsies conducted 178 (71.77%) were males and 70 (28.23%) were females. The male to female ratio was 2.54:1. Most used weapon of offence was Firearm. Followed by firearm the second major cause of death was road traffic accidents which were followed by Asphyxia (12.9% of total autopsies). Conclusion: Ban on illegal possession of Firearms - educational lectures to Public and steps to raise the literacy rate along with the improvement of socioeconomic status of the society. Preventive-strategy to create an awareness of safe traveling practices especially among the groups at high risk.

scholarly journals Illicit Drug Abuse in Drivers of Motor Vehicle Collisions

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kalantari Meibodi ◽  
Samira Esfandyari ◽  
Vahid Siyabi ◽  
Sareh Roosta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Illicit Drug Abuse

Background: Motor vehicle Traffic injuries are indeed one of the most important worldwide health problems. Opioids can induce a depressant effect on the central nervous system which may increase the risk of traffic accidents. This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted in Marvdasht, Iran to investigate the presence of drugs in hospitalized non-fatally injured drivers of motor vehicles.Materials and Methods: The cases were 500 drivers of motor vehicle, injured in the road traffic accident and referred to the emergency ward. The controls were 500 patients hospitalized in the same emergency department due to non-traumatic reasons. They were asked about the abuse of any substance during the 72 hours before their referral to the hospital. Urinary samples of patients with negative history of drug consumption were analyzed.Results: From the drivers, 237 (47.4%) of the case group and 278 (55.6%) of the control group had positive-substance consumption. Opium was the common drug abused in the two groups. An eight fold increased risk of road accident was observed for drivers who had used tramadol (OR= 8.2, 95% CI 4.9-13.7, p<0.001). Two or more illicit drugs (poly drug abuse) were detected in 24% of the cases and 31.8% of the controls (50.6% and 57.2% of drug abusers, respectively). Just for tramadol, the prevalence was higher in cases than controls. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the high proportion of illicit drug abuse among Iranian drivers. More health education and policies are necessary to steadily decrease drug abuse in our society.

Description of clinical forensic profile‘visum et repertum’ quality in Yogyakarta 2011-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida BagusGede Surya Putra Pidada ◽  
Martiana Suciningtyas Tri Artanti ◽  
Idha Arfianti Wiraagni ◽  
Dewanto Yusuf Priyambodo
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Clinical Forensic Medicine ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Photo Documentation

Background. Clinical forensic medicine is the practice of assessing the living condition of someone, either as victims of an assault or the alleged perpetrator of the offense. This publication shows the profile of clinical forensic medicine quality were reported on Visum et Repertum in Yogyakarta. Objective. The purpose of our study was to provide descriptive data on clinical forensic profile and Visum et Repertum quality in Yogyakarta 2011-2016. Method. Retrospective data were collected on all clinical forensic victims of five Regional Public Hospital in Yogyakarta, for asix-year period. Visum et Repertum quality was assessed by Herkutanto’s scoring method. Result. There were 2902 cases with male victims 50.7% and female 49.3%. Most cases were from Yogyakarta Regional Public Hospitals (72.6%). The most victims from18 to 30 years old (38.4%). The data from road traffic accidents (RTA), persecution, sexual violence, domestic violence, and poisoning cases were, 66.1%, 13.3%, 8.9%, 6.7%, and 5% respectively. The were no photo documentation in all hospitals. Blunt trauma was the highest number of trauma. While Almost hospitals have moderate quality in writing Visum et Repertum. Conclusion. Women victims in four Regional Public Hospitals (Sleman, Wonosari, Bantul, and Wates) were higher than men. The largest age group of the victims was a group of 18 to 30 years old. The most cases happened was road traffic accidents (RTA). For the type of trauma, blunt trauma was the highest proportion of trauma. All clinical forensic cases obtained were no photo documentation. Overall, Visum et Repertum scores for clinical forensic cases throughout Regional Public Hospitals in Yogyakarta province were in moderate category (range 50% - 75%).

Incidence of Death Due to Road Traffic Accidents over an eight year period at the Forensic Medicine Department of Dhaka Medical College

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Md. H Kabir ◽  
A Mazid ◽  
Z K Ahmed ◽  
Md. N Hossain ◽  
K Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Future

This study was conducted at the Forensic Medicine Department of Dhaka Medical College covering an eight year period from 1st Jan 2002 to 31st Dec 2009. The objective of the study was to find out the number of deaths due to Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) over an eight year period. The autopsy reports of the year 2002 to 2009 were analyzed and the deaths due to road traffic accidents were counted and tabulated year wise. The study revealed that the number of deaths due to RTA were 1129 in 2002, 1056 in 2003, 952 in 2004, 945 in 2005, 1064 in 2006, 1083 in 2007, 813 in 2008 and 652 in 2009. The total number of autopsy reports from 2002 to 2009 was 23373 out of which the number of deaths due to RTA was 7496 (32.92%). Analysis of the above data showed a declining trend in the number of autopsies on cases of death due to RTA which were brought to the mortuary of the Forensic Medicine Department from Police Stations situated within the metropolitan area of Northern Dhaka during the study period of 2002 to 2009 with minor exception in 2006 and 2007. It is the observation of this study that this decline is significant and points towards certain measures and campaigns taken by the concerned authorities and social groups on mad safety. The objective of this study was to highlight the various reasons for this improvement and suggest further areas of possible improvement whereby the situation could improve significantly in the future.

Prevalence of ethanol and illicit drugs in road traffic accidents in the centre of Portugal: An eighteen-year update

2012 ◽  
Vol 216 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Costa ◽  
Rosário Silva ◽  
M. Cristina Mendonça ◽  
Francisco Corte Real ◽  
Duarte Nuno Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents

scholarly journals Road traffic accidents, the leading cause of death: A retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Farzana Islam ◽  
Nashid Tabassum Khan ◽  
Sohel Mahmud ◽  
Farhana Shahid ◽  
Mahbub Alam Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Medical College

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) has spiked over the past few years and has become a major public health concern in Bangladesh. Globally, RTA causes 1.35 million deaths annually. The consequences of road traffic accident not only affect the victim’s physical, psychological and financial hardship, but also has fatal impact on the functioning of the whole family. The objective of this study was to evaluate the present situation of RTA in Dhaka city, to find out the pattern of injuries, to identify the causes, frequency, socio- demographic characteristics of the victims and to identify the measures to minimize the incidence of RTAs. This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology of Dhaka Medical College during January 2019 to December 2019. A total of 154 medico-legal cases of road traffic accidents were brought to the mortuary of Dhaka Medical College from 23 police stations and 1 railway Thana. Data was collected from inquest report, Challan and postmortem reports from the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Dhaka Medical College. This study shows that a total of 154 post mortems of RTA cases were conducted at DMC morgue during January 2019 to December 2019. Greater number of the accidents occurred during June 28 (18.18%) and August 25 (16.23%). Among the victims, 114 (74.03%) were male and 40 (25.97%)were female. Most of fatality was among the age group 22 to 27 years (48, 31.17%) followed by 28 to 33 years age group (32, 20.78%). By relidion, Muslims were 130 (84.41%), followed by Hindus (19, 12.34 %), and Christians (05, 3.25 %). Considering the injury patterns, all victims had multiple abrasion and bruise 154 (100%), fracture ribs 28 (18.18%), fracture hipbones 26(16.88 %), fracture skull bones 17 (11.04%), head injury 24 (15.58%) and intracranial haemorrhages 24 (15.58%). Road traffic accidents can be minimized by creating public awareness among all road users about traffic signals and traffic safety rules as far as private users of vehicles are concerned.

scholarly journals PROFILE AND PATTERN OF POST-MORTEM CASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Singh ◽  
Bhavesh Bohra
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Medical College ◽  
East Region ◽  
Different Types

Background: In the present study analysis of changes in level of sodium in cadaveric synovial fluid is done, which is correlated with increasing post-mortem interval and this study have not been done in south east region of Rajasthan so far. Methods: This study was carried out in department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar. This study was done on 50 cases with known time of death who was brought in the mortuary of department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology for autopsy. The information regarding time of death were collected from hospital records. Ethical permission has been taken from college ethical committee. Results: Deaths due to road traffic accidents & its complications constituted majority of cases 44.00% followed by poisoning 40.00% Conclusion: This study helps to interpret different types of medico-legal autopsy cases, thereby providing an insight to the policy-makers, law custodians, and the community to look into the specific aspects of the cases and then to take proper measures to reduce mortality. Keywords: Death, Post mortem, Age

TO THE STABILITY OF TANK VEHICLES IN THE BRAKE MODE

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Denys Popelysh ◽  
Yurii Seluk ◽  
Sergyi Tomchuk
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Course Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tank Vehicles

This article discusses the question of the possibility of improving the roll stability of partially filled tank vehicles while braking. We consider the dangers associated with partially filled tank vehicles. We give examples of the severe consequences of road traffic accidents that have occurred with tank vehicles carrying dangerous goods. We conducted an analysis of the dynamic processes of fluid flow in the tank and their influence on the basic parameters of the stability of vehicle. When transporting a partially filled tank due to the comparability of the mass of the empty tank with the mass of the fluid being transported, the dynamic qualities of the vehicle change so that they differ significantly from the dynamic characteristics of other vehicles. Due to large displacements of the center of mass of cargo in the tank there are additional loads that act vehicle and significantly reduce the course stability and the drivability. We consider the dynamics of liquid sloshing in moving containers, and give examples of building a mechanical model of an oscillating fluid in a tank and a mathematical model of a vehicle with a tank. We also considered the method of improving the vehicle’s stability, which is based on the prediction of the moment of action and the nature of the dynamic processes of liquid cargo and the implementation of preventive actions by executive mechanisms. Modern automated control systems (anti-lock brake system, anti-slip control systems, stabilization systems, braking forces distribution systems, floor level systems, etc.) use a certain list of elements for collecting necessary parameters and actuators for their work. This gives the ability to influence the course stability properties without interfering with the design of the vehicle only by making changes to the software of these systems. Keywords: tank vehicle, roll stability, mathematical model, vehicle control systems.

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