scholarly journals Medical dilemmas – erythrocytosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Erythrocyte Count ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithms ◽  
Genetic Lesion ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Specific Symptoms

AbstractErythrocytosis is defined not only by an increase in the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit value, but also by the occurrence of specific symptoms, the intensity and frequency of which depend on the character of the initial genetic lesion. Ischemic episodes and thrombotic complications caused by increased blood viscosity are frequently the first clinical manifestation of the disease. This paper represents the current level of knowledge about the pathogenesis of erythrocytosis and the diagnostic algorithms used to precisely define the type of the disease.

scholarly journals Drug resistance of M. tuberculosis (historical aspects, current level of knowledge)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
I. A. Burmistrova ◽  
A. G. Samoylova ◽  
T. E. Tyulkova ◽  
E. V. Vaniev ◽  
G. S. Balasanyants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
New Research

The review presents data on the frequency of detection of drug resistant (DR) tuberculosis mycobacteria (MTB) as well as on the change in DR patterns in Russia and abroad from the mid-50s of the 20th century till the present. Along with the well-known mechanisms for DR MTB development, it tells about new research describing mutations associated with drug resistance.

Comparison of hematological parameters in two different high altitudinal populations of Batrachuperus pinchonii (Amphibian: Urodela)

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Jianli Xiong ◽  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Yuanye Sun ◽  
Qiangqiang Liu ◽  
Chaojie Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Erythrocyte Count ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salamander Species

Hematological parameters are key to reflect the health status of animals and their physiological adaptation to the environment. However, few studies focused on the inter- and intra-specific variations of hematological parameters in hynobiid salamanders. Here, we examined the hematological parameters of the stream salamander,Batrachuperus pinchonii, originating from two different altitudinal populations to explore their intra-specific variation. Sexual dimorphism is only present in the erythrocyte count and males have higher mean values than females. The morphometric values of erythrocyte, hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte count of the high altitudinal (Jiajin) population were smaller than those of the lower altitudinal (Sandaoping) population; however, a significant difference between two populations was only revealed in the case of erythrocyte length via ANOVA. The results of linear regression showed that a significant relationship was present between body condition and erythrocyte length as well as the erythrocyte length to erythrocyte width ratio. Our findings suggest that the features of hematological parameters inB. pinchoniiare reflected in the size of erythrocyte, and neither in erythrocyte count nor in hemoglobin concentration. These results provide a foundation for assessing and monitoring the health status of this salamander species, and furthermore, for understanding the physiological basis of altitudinal adaptation.

Chemotherapeutic approaches to protozoa: Haemosporina - current level of knowledge and outlook

2001 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 781-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Greif ◽  
Harder A. ◽  
Haberkorn A.
Keyword(s):  
Current Level ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

scholarly journals Computation of the Coefficients of the Power law model for Whole Blood and Their Correlation with Blood Parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Elblbesy ◽  
Abdelrahman T. Hereba
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Power Law Model ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Healthy Donors

<p class="1Body">This study introduces a quantitative analysis of the coefficients of the power law model, which is used to describe the non-Newtonian behavior of blood. Twenty blood samples from healthy donors were used to measure the whole blood viscosity under different values of the shear rates, which are between 2.25 and 450.0 s<sup>-1</sup>. The shear rate viscosity curves were used to calculate <em>n</em> (flow index) and <em>m</em> (the consistency of the fluid) according to the power law model. Strong correlations (R<sup>2 </sup>&gt; 0.5) between <em>m</em> and the hematocrit (HCT %), hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocytes count (RBC), mean corpuscle volume (MCV), and mean corpuscle hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were obtained. Strong correlations (R<sup>2 </sup>&gt; 0.5) between <em>n</em> and the RBC, MCV, and MCHC were achieved. The relation obtained between the power law coefficients and the blood parameters in the present investigation provides new parameters that can be used to evaluate the flow state of blood besides blood viscosity. In addition, these parameters may be used to examine blood under pathological conditions, representing a new tool for the diagnosis of blood abnormal conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Natural selection onTMPRSS6associated with the blunted erythropoiesis and improved blood viscosity in Tibetan Pigs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Kong ◽  
Xinxing Dong ◽  
Shuli Yang ◽  
Jinhua Qian ◽  
Jianfa Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Tibetan Pigs ◽  
Darwinian Positive Selection ◽  
Conserved Core

AbstractTibetan pigs, indigenous to Tibetan plateau, are well adapted to hypoxia. So far, there have been not any definitively described genes and functional sites responsible for hypoxia adaptation for the Tibetan pig. Here we conducted resequencing of the nearly entire genomic region (40.1 kb) of the candidate geneTMPRSS6(Transmembrane protease, serine 6) associated with hemoglobin concentration (HGB) and red blood cell count (RBC) in 40 domestic pigs and 40 wild boars from five altitudes along the Tea-horse ancient road and identified 708 SNPs, in addition to an indel (CGTG/----) in the intron 10. Both the CGTG deletion frequency and the pairwise r2linkage disequilibrium showed an increase with elevated altitudes in 838 domestic pigs from five altitudes, suggesting thatTMPRSS6has been under Darwinian positive selection. As the conserved core sequence of hypoxia-response elements (HREs), the deletion of CGTG in Tibetan pigs decreased the expression levels ofTMPRSS6mRNA and protein in the liver revealed by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot, respectively. To explore whether reducedTMPRSS6expression level could improve blood viscosity, the relationship between CGTG indel and hematologic and hemorheologic parameters in 482 domestic pigs from continuous altitudes was detected and dissected a genetic effect on reducing HGB by 13.25g/L in Gongbo’gyamda Tibetan pigs and decreasing MCV by 4.79 fl in Diqing Tibetan pigs. In conclusion, the CGTG deletion ofTMPRSS6resulted in lower HGB and smaller MCV, thereby blunting erythropoiesis and improving blood viscosity as well as erythrocyte deformability.

scholarly journals OXYGEN TRANSPORT IN MARINE GREEN TURTLE (CHELONIA MYDAS) HATCHLINGS: BLOOD VISCOSITY AND CONTROL OF HEMOGLOBIN OXYGEN-AFFINITY

1994 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Wells ◽  
J Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Green Turtle ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Oxygen Binding ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity ◽  
And Control

Erythrocytes from green turtle hatchlings contain a single embryonic component, unlike those from other cleidoic eggs, in which adult hemoglobin (Hb) constitutes a significant fraction of total Hb at hatching. The functional properties of the isolated and purified green turtle hatchling Hb that distinguish it from adult Hb are a high affinity for oxygen and marked sensitivity to organic phosphate modulators. Hatchling erythrocytes also contain higher concentrations of ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid, but their oxygen affinity is indistinguishable from that of adult erythrocytes. Hatchling erythrocyte mean cell volume is approximately half of the adult value, but hematocrit, blood hemoglobin concentration and blood viscosity of hatchlings and adults are similar. Oxygen-carrying capacity in green turtles, unlike that of other diving vertebrates, corresponds with a theoretically derived optimum. The possibility of allosteric control of Hb oxygen-binding in hatchlings may relate not to the challenge of exercise during the dispersal phase but to conditions in the late embryo in the nest.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of funguria in Mohammed VI University Hospital in Oujda, Morocco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Maleb ◽  
Aziza Hami ◽  
Somiya Lambrabet ◽  
Safaa Rifai ◽  
Nawal Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Current Level ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Medical Microbiology ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Microbial Isolates

Background and Purpose:The presence of yeasts in the urine is not synonymous with urinary tract infectionsinceit can result insimple colonization or contamination. Regarding this, it is required to further clarify the epidemiological profile of funguria. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to establish the epidemiology of funguriainthe Mohammed VI Teaching Hospital of Oujda, Morocco. Materials and Methods:This retrospective studywas conducted onall urine samples sent for cytobacteriological examination to amicrobiology laboratoryover a period of 28 months(i.e., from March 2016 to June 2018). After the removal of duplicates, the urinesampleswere treated according to the recommendations of the medical microbiology standards. Results:A total of15,165 urine sampleswerecollected. Urinary colonization accounted for 4.94% (n=749) of cases. The infections of the urinary tract accounted for 5.35% (n=811) of cases. Microbial isolates (n=1,669) in colonization and urinary tract infections were dominated by bacteria (93.47%, n=1,560). Furthermore, the yeasts accounted for 6.53% (n=109) of the isolates. Candidaalbicanswas isolated from56.88% (n=62) of funguriacases. Theriskfactors forfunguriain our series wereessentially old age, admission tointensive care unit, and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Conclusion:The current level of knowledge about the clinical situations leading to funguria with the improvement and popularization of efficient identification techniques for yeasts other than C. albicans should redress the epidemiology of funguria.This should allow the knowledgeable societies to establish the rules of interpreting the cytobacteriological examination of the urine in case of funguria, as for bacteriuria.

scholarly journals GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING AMONG 10TH GRADE STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Raimonda Samsonaitė
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Geographical Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Geography Teaching ◽  
New Material ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

In modern-day knowledge and deeper understanding has an exceptionally important role in forming a student’s erudition. In order for a student to achieve a proper level of education the tutoring must be systematically based on gathering knowledge in an academic environment. Unfortunately the students may sometimes forget or misinterpret the gathered information. Geography is no exception. During the learning process of said subject, it is often observed, that some students cannot properly understand the new material, because the current level of knowledge is insufficient. Thus it is critical to find out the level of students understanding at the present and pinpoint the missing gaps in previously gathered information. The analysis of the survey showed a significant gap between the students of two classes. The students of grade II showed not only the better level of knowledge and understanding, but also were more motivated to learn, compared to grade I. By examining the result of the test regarding natural recourses, few questions revealed the flaws in geographical understanding. A meaningful amount of the students showed poor special understanding: were unable to name the leading countries regarding natural recourses extraction. The struggle to clearly reason the answer also became apparent: the lack of knowledge in the field of geographical theory and concepts is most noticeable. For both tested classes, the easiest questions were regarding the analysis of data, students successfully pointed out the classification of natural resources as well as the pros/cons of using fossil fuel. Keywords: geography teaching, geographical understanding, learning process.

scholarly journals Prodromal Schizophrenia: The Dilemma of Prediction and Early Intervention

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 578-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Davidson ◽  
Mark Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Early Course ◽  
Risk Benefit Assessment ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Novel Antipsychotic

The notion that subtle cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and functional deviations from norms are present in many individuals several years before a formal diagnosis of schizophrenia has been around for almost a century. This notion has been at the base of the developmental hypothesis of schizophrenia and has been the impetus for the use of cognition as an endophenotype for studying the illness. The recent enthusiasm for prodromal research derives from two unrelated and controversial claims: that short duration of untreated psychosis is associated with better prognosis and that novel antipsychotic drugs have a better safety profile, supposedly enabling early intervention at a relatively lower risk of side effects to the patient.At the current level of knowledge, the risk-benefit assessment of prodromal interventions turns out to be an almost unsolvable conundrum. On one hand, the age of onset of psychosis and schizophrenia, early and mid-ado-lescence, coincides with the age at which life-long social and vocational characteristics are shaped. Any intervention that could produce even minimal delay in onset of active psychosis or ameliorate its early course might have a life-long impact. Therefore, the idea of prodromal intervention cannot be easily dismissed. On the other hand, in absence of accurate markers for imminent psychosis and strong data indicating that treatment during the prodromal phase is effective, exposing adolescents to the stigma associated with the illness and the adverse effects of antipsychotics has raised serious hesitations among many researchers and clinicians.

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