Platinum Accumulation and Cancer-Related Fatigue, Correlation With IL-8, TNF-α and Hemocytes

Platinum-based chemotherapy drugs cause platinum accumulation and result in cancer-related fatigue (CRF), which is related to immune response through still ambiguous mechanisms. We aimed to explore the correlation between platinum and CRF from the perspective of platinum accumulation. After allowing for complete metabolism of the administered platinum drugs, we collected blood samples from 135 patients who had at least two platinum chemotherapy rounds, correlated the platinum concentration (C-Pt), pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α, hematological index with therapeutic effect, adverse reactions and fatigue. The median platinum concentration was higher in patients treated with cisplatin than oxaliplatin (424.0 vs 211.3 μg/L), and the occurrence of fatigue was 64.4% in all subjects. Separately, the incidence and degree of fatigue were 74.1% and 9.5 in the patients with higher platinum concentration compared to 57.1% and 2.0 in the lower group. C-Pt, IL-8 and TNF-α were positively correlated with the degree of CRF, while erythrocyte count and hemoglobin were negatively correlated with the degree of CRF. Mediating effect analysis showed that increased IL-8 concentration mediated 57.4%, while decreased erythrocyte count mediated 24.1% of the C-Pt effect on CRF. Platinum accumulation may involve increasing IL-8, cause inflammation or aggravate anemia, which in combination lead to CRF.

Hematological Value of Captive Elephants (Elephas maximus) Around Chitwan National Park, Sauraha, Nepal

Veterinary hematology serves as an important screening procedure to assess general health condition, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. The study was aimed to interpret and establish a set of hematology reference range for Asian elephants kept under private and government facilities of Nepal as no major work has been done till now. Blood samples from 50 elephants around Chitwan National Park, Sauraha was collected and hematological parameters like total erythrocyte count and total leukocyte count were determined. The results showed that the majority of hematological value was in line with the value previously published by different authors. The mean erythrocyte and leukocyte count was reported as 3.32 ±0.93 ×10^6 cell/µL and 10448±335.49 cells/ µL respectively. No sex-associated significant difference was observed in the case of total erythrocyte count whereas total leukocyte counts varied significantly within sex. Our finding revealed no significant difference in hematological parameters between governmental and privately owned elephants. The hematological value of our study can be used as a reference value for assessing the health condition of elephants in Nepal. Further research work should be conducted to evaluate the factors affecting hematological parameters.

Morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of broiler chickens with ornithobacteriosis, and for the use of Poledoxin and Tilmox 25%

The article presents the results of studies of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of broiler chickens KOBB-500, patients with ornithobacteriosis, who were not treated, and sick birds, for the treatment of which were used drugs "Poledoxin" (active substance - doxycycline hyclate) and "Tilmox 25%" (active substance - tilmicosin phosphate). Studies have shown that ornithobacteriosis in broiler chickens is characterized by erythrocytopenia, hypohemoglobinemia and decreased hematocrit. In the birds of the experimental groups, which in accordance with the treatment regimen used poledoxin and tilmox 25% erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content in the blood and hematocrit at 216 h of the experiment were higher than in the control: erythrocyte count - 19 and 36%, respectively; hemoglobin content - by 17% in poultry of both experimental groups; hematocrit - by 19 and 23%, respectively (p≤0.05). In the serum proteins of patients with ornithobacteriosis of broiler chickens of the control group was found dysproteinemia, in which at 216 h of the experiment there was a decrease in total protein and albumin by 12 and 34%, respectively. At the same time there was an increase in the content of globulins by 32%. The content of total protein and albumin in the serum of poultry 2 and 3 experimental groups increased and by 216 h exceeded the control index by 24 and 33% (p≤0.05), respectively, albumin - by 56% in poultry of both experimental groups. The content of globulins in the serum of poultry of the experimental groups for the period from 24 to 216 h of the experiment was in the range of 10.72 - 11.98 g / l, while in the control - 11.32 - 15.21 g / l. In the serum of broiler chickens of the control group for the period from 24 to 216 h increased the activity of alanine aminotransferase by 14%, while in the serum of poultry of experimental groups treated with poledoxin and tilmox 25% its activity decreased by 96, 120 and 216 h was probably less than in the control. Hypocalcemia was observed in the control group of broiler chickens ornithobacteriosis, whereas in the serum of poultry 2 and 3 experimental groups treated, the total calcium content in the period from 24 to 216 h was probably higher than in the control. Hypophosphatemia was observed in the control and 2 experimental birds (poledoxine), and the inorganic phosphorus content in their serum was 216 h lower than in the experimental group 3 birds (tilmox 25% was used) by 43 and 23%, respectively. Key words: doxycycline, tilmicosin, respiratory diseases of poultry, O. Rhinotracheale, antibiotics, bioavailability.

Medical dilemmas – erythrocytosis

Erythrocytosis is defined not only by an increase in the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit value, but also by the occurrence of specific symptoms, the intensity and frequency of which depend on the character of the initial genetic lesion. Ischemic episodes and thrombotic complications caused by increased blood viscosity are frequently the first clinical manifestation of the disease. This paper represents the current level of knowledge about the pathogenesis of erythrocytosis and the diagnostic algorithms used to precisely define the type of the disease.

Physiological Status of Stunned and Non-Stunned Broilers: Blood Profile, and Brain Histopathology

Stunning method before slaughtering is considered more animal welfare compared to a non-stunning method and also reduces stress levels in broilers. As for the bleed-out efficiency, testing was done indirectly by blood volume measurement which consists of erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit values, and erythrocyte index in broilers. Brain histopathology was also carried out to see the effect of electrical stunning towards the brain tissues. The stunning method used is electrical stunning via water bath with the capacity of 146 mAh. The results showed that the stunning method before slaughtering caused smaller number of erythrocytes and hematocrit values, and the brain histopathology showed that stunning causes encephalopathy.

Anaplasmosis Outbreak in Lambs: First Report Causing Carcass Condemnation

In spring and summer 2020, six outbreaks of condemnation of jaundiced lamb carcasses were diagnosed in different farms in Aragón region, Spain. Anaplasma ovis was identified in all affected farms. Four hundred and ninety-two lambs from two affected farms were more closely examined. Clinical examination, haematologies, biochemistries, histopathology and microbiological and molecular analyses were performed. After slaughter, 34.84% of the lambs showed jaundiced carcasses and 79.64% presented splenomegaly at the abattoir. All tested lambs with icteric carcasses showed positive A. ovis PCR, although 72.72% of the unaffected lambs also tested positive. However, the bacterial load was significantly higher in the animals that showed jaundiced carcasses (Cq: 25.00 vs 26.16; p = 0.004). Moreover, all the tested lambs that showed severe anaemia were PCR positive. On the contrary, the PCR negative lambs did not show anaemia. Lambs that presented icteric carcasses displayed severe regenerative anaemia with significantly lower erythrocyte count (7.18 vs. 11.97), haematocrit (26.89 vs. 34.82) and haemoglobin (8.50 vs. 11.10) than unaffected lambs. Reticulocyte count (18.80 vs. 5.65) was also significantly increased in affected animals. This article describes a new disorder caused by Anaplasma ovis that is producing significant economic losses associated with the carcass condemnation of apparently healthy lamb.

ERYTHROCYTES COUNTS AND MORPHOLOGY OF ACANTOCERCUS ADRAMITANUS AND CHAMELEO CALYPTRATUS CALYPTRATUS FROM YEMEN

The aim of this study was to determine the erythrocyte and nucleus morphology of Acantocercus adramitanus and Chameleo calyptratus calyptratus from Yemen by means of blood smears stained with Giemsa stain. The longest and largest erythrocytes and their nucleus were observed in the smears of C. c. calyptratus, while the narrowest and smallest in A. adramitanus. In terms of the studied species, the nucleus and erythrocyte sizes were found to be correlated. No significant difference between two species lizard’s in erythrocyte count was determined. The relationship between the raw erythrocyte measurements and erythrocyte length was determined as positive correlation.

Effectiveness of Potassium Diformate on Feed to Improve Immune Performance of Goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)

This research aims to determine the optimum potassium diformate (KDF) dosage which was added to feed to increase the immune status of goldfish (Carassius auratus L). This study was conducted from September 31 - November 15, 2019 at the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Padjadjaran. The research method used is the experimental Complete Random Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments are A (without KDF/control), B (0.1% KDF), C (0.3% KDF) and D (0.5% KDF). The observed parameters are survival rate, total leukocyte count (white blood cells), total erythrocyte count (red blood cells) and gross clinical sign. Observations were made after 30 days of KDF and post-test challenge by Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. Data on the number of total leukocyte count and total erythrocyte count were analyzed using F test and Duncan's advanced test at a 95% confidence level, while the gross clinical sign data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the KDF 0.3% was the optimum dose and was very effective in optimizing the performance of the goldfish immune system optimally, seen from the number of white blood cells and red blood cells which experienced the highest increase of 23.48% and 9.30%. After the challenge test, fish that were given KDF 0.3% had the highest survival rate of 46.67%. In addition, the process of recovering the number of white blood cells and red blood cells can be faster than other treatments, with a value of 12.85×104 cells mm3-1 and 0.96×106 cells mm3-1, marked also by the healing of clinical symptoms in the morphology of goldfish.

P0630EARLY CHANGES OF SEQUENTIAL URINE SEDIMENT ANALYSIS ARE INDICATIVE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFER CARDIAC SURGERY

Background and Aims Microscopic examination of urine sediment is a well-established and inexpensive technique for differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Especially renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) and granular casts (GC) have been shown to be a strong predictor of acute tubule necrosis (ATN), the assumed most common cause for AKI in cardiac surgery patients. So far, no study evaluated urine sediment before manifest AKI is evident. Therefore, the aim of this prospective trial was to evaluate if early changes of urine sediment parameters are indicative for development of acute kidney injury. Method Sequential urine sediment specimens were analyzed on day 0 (d0), day 1 (d1) and day 4 or 5 (d5) after cardiac surgery in n=37 patients. Urine analysis was conducted immediately after collection of urine specimens. Analysis includes detection of RTEC and GC as well as hyaline casts (HC), squamous epithelium (SE), erythrocyte count (EC) and leucocyte count (LC). Urine score (US) - consisting of RTEC and GC - which is described as indicative for ATN, was calculated as described previously. For detection of AKI, serum creatinine, serum cystatin c and urine output were recorded. Urine sediment changes over time were analyzed using differences between day of surgery (d0) and day 1 (d0-d1 = Δd1) or day 5 (d0-d5 = Δd5), respectively. Results Of the 37 included patients n=10 (27%) developed AKI within 5 days. According to the definition of KDIGO 2012, two patients developed Stage 1 (20%), six patients Stage 2 (60%) and two patients Stage 3 (20%) AKI. Median age was 67 years (IQR: 63.5-73.0). Mean HC, GC, RTEC and US tended to be higher in AKI patients from day one after surgery. Looking at the urine sediment changes over time (Median; IQR), Δd1 of RTEC (AKI: 0.65; 0.00 – 1.15 vs. No AKI: 0.00; -0.03 – 0.03; p=0.010), GC (AKI: 0.25; 0.00 – 0.50; No AKI: 0.00; -0.20 – 0.00; p=0.002) and US (AKI: 0.00; -0.25 – 0.00 vs. No AKI: 0.00; 0.00 – 1.00; p=0.047) were significant higher in AKI group. Also HC (AKI: 1.00; 0.00 – 1.00; No AKI: 0.00; -1.25 – 1.00; p>0.05) tended to be higher in AKI on Δd1, whereas SE, EC and LC did not show any trend between both groups. Δd5 did not show any significant result between AKI and non-AKI. Because all of these patients were catheterised, the results on urinary erythrocyte count were interpreted with appropriate caution. Conclusion This is the first study evaluating sequential urine sediment measurements for early detection of AKI in cardiac surgery. According to these preliminary data, Δd1 of RTEC, GC and US is significant higher in AKI, suggesting that an increase from day of surgery to day 1 may be indicative for the development of AKI right before manifest AKI is evident. Therefore sequential urine sediment measurements could be useful for early detection of AKI after cardiac surgery.

Influence of Zinc and Chromium Supplementation on Blood Biochemical Constituents and Hematological Profiles in Goats

Aims: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing zinc-methionine and chromium-picolinate on blood biochemical constituents and hematological profiles of goats. Place and Duration of Study: The present studies were carried out at Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Durg during February 2007 to August 2007. Methods: Twenty-four indigenous non-descript goat kids (3-5 months old, average body weight of 5.1±0.25 Kg) were allocated to four groups Group-I (control) was fed ad libitum basal complete feed which constituted sola (Aeschynomene indica) - hay (60 parts) and concentrate mixture (40 parts). The kids of Group-II, III and IV were fed as in control with a combined supplement of Zn-methionine and Cr-picolinate at the rates of 20 and 0.5 parts per million (ppm), 35 and 1 ppm and 50 and 1.5 ppm, respectively. The experiment lasted for 90 days. Hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV) and total erythrocyte count (TEC) were performed as per the method described by Jain [4]. Blood biochemical study was performed by using Spectrophotometer. Results: There was progressive increase in total protein, albumin, globulin levels and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum in mineral supplemented group as compare to control. In most of the cases erythrocyte count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly (P<0.05) higher with the increase of Cr-picolinate and Zn-methionine concentration in basal diet than control. However, blood glucose and total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in serum were significantly reduced due to mineral supplementation. Conclusion: On the basis of the present experiment, it may be concluded that dietary supplementation of Zn-methionine and Cr-picolinate at the rates of 50 and 1.5 ppm, respectively had significantly improved their blood biochemical and hematological profile of desi goats.