scholarly journals River as a flow of commodities: The reasoning behind the third Danube regulation in Bratislava by Enea Grazioso Lanfranconi

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Monika Bočková
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract The channel of most of the rivers is the result of long-term human endeavour to modify their shape. This paper focuses on the flow of commodities juxtaposed with the physical water flow of the river that has served over centuries as one of the main means of goods transport. The topic is closely observed on the example of the Danube regulation in Bratislava at the end of the nineteenth century and the transformation of the river into a canal. The reasons for the individual interventions in the natural riverbed differed. The third regulation (1886 - 1896) was meant to add the missing part of the canal on the route between the North and Black Seas, which would be fully adapted for freight transport by steamer. The 19th century has introduced a new paradigm to city planning. In the belief in technical innovation, the planning process was undertaken by engineers. The paper places in confrontation the oeuvre of two engineers, Charles-Joseph Minard and Enea Grazioso Lanfranconi. While the former, a French civil engineer, brought a unique way of visualizing the flow of goods between territories based on statistical data, the latter, a Hungarian hydraulic engineer, is the author of the third regulation of the Danube in the section between Devín (Theben) and Gönyű (Gönyö). For the purpose of the paper, the original theoretical work of Enea Grazioso Lanfranconi was translated and analysed. Selected data from Lanfranconi’s work was interpreted visually.

scholarly journals Dominance relationships and coalitionary aggression against conspecifics in female carrion crows

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Holtmann ◽  
Julia Buskas ◽  
Matthew Steele ◽  
Kristaps Solokovskis ◽  
Jochen B. W. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Dominant Individual ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Cooperation is a prevailing feature of many animal systems. Coalitionary aggression, where a group of individuals engages in coordinated behaviour to the detriment of conspecific targets, is a form of cooperation involving complex social interactions. To date, evidence has been dominated by studies in humans and other primates with a clear bias towards studies of male-male coalitions. We here characterize coalitionary aggression behaviour in a group of female carrion crows consisting of recruitment, coordinated chase, and attack. The individual of highest social rank liaised with the second most dominant individual to engage in coordinated chase and attack of a lower ranked crow on several occasions. Despite active intervention by the third most highly ranked individual opposing the offenders, the attack finally resulted in the death of the victim. All individuals were unrelated, of the same sex, and naïve to the behaviour excluding kinship, reproduction, and social learning as possible drivers. Instead, the coalition may reflect a strategy of the dominant individual to secure long-term social benefits. Overall, the study provides evidence that members of the crow family engage in coordinated alliances directed against conspecifics as a possible means to manipulate their social environment.

scholarly journals A Regime View of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Its Response to Anthropogenic Forcing

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1291-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Woollings ◽  
Abdel Hannachi ◽  
Brian Hoskins ◽  
Andrew Turner
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Anthropogenic Forcing ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Nao Index ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
Real Change ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract The distribution of the daily wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index in the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) is significantly negatively skewed. Dynamical and statistical analyses both suggest that this skewness reflects the presence of two distinct regimes—referred to as “Greenland blocking” and “subpolar jet.” Changes in both the relative occurrence and in the structure of the regimes are shown to contribute to the long-term NAO trend over the ERA-40 period. This is contrasted with the simulation of the NAO in 100-yr control and doubled CO2 integrations of the third climate configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (HadCM3). The model has clear deficiencies in its simulation of the NAO in the control run, so its predictions of future behavior must be treated with caution. However, the subpolar jet regime does become more dominant under anthropogenic forcing and, while this change is small it is clearly statistically significant and does represent a real change in the nature of NAO variability in the model.

scholarly journals Precipitation record since AD 1600 from ice cores on the central Tibetan Plateau

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yao ◽  
K. Duan ◽  
B. Xu ◽  
N. Wang ◽  
X. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Central Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
Ice Field ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract. Lack of reliable long-term precipitation record from the northern Tibetan Plateau has constrained our understanding of precipitation variations in this region. We drilled an ice core on the Puruogangri Ice Field in the central Tibetan Plateau in 2000 to reveal the precipitation variations. The well dated part of the core extends back to AD 1600, allowing us to construct a 400-year annual accumulation record. This record shows that the central Tibetan plateau experienced a drier period with an average annual precipitation of ~300 mm in the 19th century, compared to ~450 mm in the wetter periods during 1700–1780 and the 20th century. This pattern agrees with precipitation reconstructions from the Dunde and Guliya ice cores on the northern Plateau but differs from that found in the Dasuopu ice cores from the southern Plateau The north-south contrasts in precipitation reconstruction reveals difference in moisture origin between the south Tibetan Plateau dominated by the Asian monsoon and the north Tibetan Plateau dominated by the continental recycling and the westerlies.

scholarly journals The Czech Way of Addressing the Global Challenges Accompanied with Creative Industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Milčák
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Different Cultures

The article aims to provide a clear picture of the Czech Republic’s approach toward coping with the creative industries in the context of their numerous shortcomings and ambiguities. The theoretical framework of the article is divided into three primary parts, each dealing with a different set of problems. The first part deals with the problems arising from the scattered definition of the concept of creative industries along with potential linguistic problems arising from understanding the meaning of words creative industries in different cultures. The second part deals with the issue of the creation of various tools and methods for incorporating creative industries within national economies. The third part deals with the subject of creating public policies in the field of culture and the possible dilemmas associated with them. At the end of each section, space is dedicated to describing the Czech Republic’s approach concerning dealing with these problems. Methodologically the article is built upon the secondary research of relevant research papers written by academics researching the field of creative industries and on the analysis of the statistical data provided by the Czech Statistical Office. Findings resulting from the article points to the increased long-term efforts of state officials to establish the concept of creative industries fully

scholarly journals A Climatology of Northern Hemisphere Blocking

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Barriopedro ◽  
Ricardo García-Herrera ◽  
Anthony R. Lupo ◽  
Emiliano Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Teleconnection Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Blocking Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dynamical Connection

Abstract In this paper a 55-yr (1948–2002) Northern Hemisphere blocking climatology is presented. Traditional blocking indices and methodologies are revised and a new blocking detection method is designed. This algorithm detects blocked flows and provides for a better characterization of blocking events with additional information on blocking parameters such as the location of the blocking center, the intensity, and extension. Additionally, a new tracking procedure has been incorporated following simultaneously the individual evolution of blocked flows and identifying coherently persistent blocked patterns. Using this method, the longest known Northern Hemisphere blocking climatology is obtained and compared with previous studies. A new regional classification into four independent blocking sectors has been obtained based on the seasonally preferred regions of blocking formation: Atlantic (ATL), European (EUR), West Pacific (WPA), and East Pacific (EPA). Global and regional blocking characteristics have been described, examining their variability from the seasonal to interdecadal scales. The global long-term blocking series in the North Hemisphere showed a significant trend toward weaker and less persistent events, as well as regional increases (decreases) in blocking frequency over the WPA (ATL and EUR) sector. The influence of teleconnection patterns (TCPs) on blocking parameters is also explored, being confined essentially to wintertime, except in the WPA sector. Additionally, regional blocking parameters, especially frequency and duration, are sensitive to regional TCPs, supporting the regional classification obtained in this paper. The ENSO-related blocking variability is evident in blocking intensities and preferred locations but not in frequency. Finally, the dynamical connection between blocking occurrence and regional TCPs is examined through the conceptual model proposed by Charney and DeVore. Observational evidence of a dynamical link between the asymmetrical temperature distributions induced by TCPs and blocking variability is provided with a distinctive contrast “warm ocean/cold land” pattern favoring the blocking occurrence in winter. However, the conceptual model is not coherent in the WPA sector, suggesting different blocking mechanisms operating in this sector.

scholarly journals L’impact Des Pratiques Qualite Sur L’implication Du Personnel Sous Contrat Flexible. Essai D’une Etude Qualitative Exploratoire Aupres Des Entreprises Du Secteur Automobile Sur La Region Du Nord Du Maroc

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (25) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Mohamed Amine Mbarki ◽  
Jaouad Rharzouz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
Quality Practices ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The commitment is considered a very wide concept, which allows to clarify the links which the individual maintains with his work. It is the third principle of quality management systems. The increase of the atypical contracts, in certified companies of the automotive sector in the North of Morocco, puts the paradox: commitment - flexibility. The objective of this article is to analyze the impact of the quality practices on the commitment of the staff under the flexible contracts. On the methodological plan, we mobilized an exploratory qualitative hybrid approach, on the basis of a sample of seven companies of the automotive sector based in the North of Morocco.

scholarly journals Book Review: How Creating Customer Value Makes You a Great Executive by Gautam Mahajan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Galdolage
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Value Perceptions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of value perceptions in marketing goes back to the end of the 19th century, to the industrial revolution which gave rise to ‘transaction marketing’. It made a dichotomy between the customer and producer, making value one-way directional from the provider to the customer. In the early 1990s, many ‘industrial nations' which were recognised as ‘production-led economies' started transforming into ‘service led’ seeking to establish long-term relationships with customers focusing on customer retention more than attracting new customers. However, value creation in the third millennium, progressively transformed into a new stage giving priority to the collaborative perspective of value creation which termed as co-creation. Cite this book review: B.S. Galdolage. (2021). Book Review: How Creating Customer Value Makes You a Great Executive by Gautam Mahajan, Vidyodaya Journal of Management, 7(1), 163-165.

scholarly journals CARINA-Oxygen: a new high-quality oxygen database for the Atlantic Ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Stendardo ◽  
N. Gruber ◽  
A. Körtzinger
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Sample Density ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Oxygen Measurements

Abstract. In the CARINA project, a new dataset with many previously unpublished hydrographic data from the Atlantic, Arctic and Southern Ocean was assembled and subjected to careful quality control (QC) procedures. In this paper, we present the dissolved oxygen measurements in the Atlantic region of the database and describe in detail the secondary QC procedures that aim to ensure optimal consistency between different cruises in order to permit studies of long-term change. The secondary QC is based on a cross-over analysis, i.e. the comparison of deep ocean data at places that were sampled by different cruises at different times. Initial adjustments to the individual cruises were then determined by an inverse procedure that computes a set of adjustments that requires the minimum amount of adjustment and at the same time reduces the offsets in an optimal manner. The initial adjustments were then reviewed by the CARINA members, and only those that passed the following two criteria were adopted: (i) the region not subject to substantial temporal variability, and (ii) the adjustment must be based on at least three stations from each cruise. No adjustment was recommended for cruises that did not fit these criteria. The final CARINA-Oxygen database has 113005 oxygen samples from 9535 stations obtained during 98 cruises covering three decades. The sampling density of the oxygen data is particularly good in the North Atlantic north of about 40° N especially after 1987. In contrast, the sample density in the South Atlantic is much lower. Some cruises appear to have poor data quality, and were subsequently omitted from the adjusted data base. Of the data included in the adjusted data base, 20% were adjusted with a mean adjustment of 2%.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Peter O. Dunn ◽  
Anders Pape Møller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
The Individual

Climate change is considered the largest environmental problem of this century, and birds have been a bellwether of the impacts of climate change on animals because their behaviour and population changes have been documented for decades. Since the first edition of this book the increase in studies of the effects of climate change on birds has been exponential, making it difficult for researchers to stay abreast of developments in the field. In this second edition we enlisted leaders in the field to provide up-to-date summaries of the latest advances in their field. The book consists of four sections. In the first section, there is a general introduction to climate and climate change. In the second section, five chapters provide an introduction to methods and data sources for studying climate change and its effects. In the third section, we have chapters that focus on the individual and population consequences of climate change, ranging from changes in physiology and behaviour to shifts in distribution and abundance and long-term evolutionary changes. In the fourth and last section, the chapters focus on interspecific effects of climate change, some of the conservation challenges we face, and a review of how the effects on birds are linked to other taxa. We end with a chapter reviewing future research trends and challenges.

scholarly journals Early evidence of the impact of preindustrial fishing on fish stocks from the mid-west and southeast coastal fisheries of Scotland in the 19th century

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1404-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jones ◽  
Alison Cathcart ◽  
Douglas C. Speirs
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
The North ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In recent years, historical ecologists have turned their attention to the long-term impact of fishing on coastal marine ecosystems in the North Atlantic. Through the examination of non-traditional sources, scientists and scholars are beginning to piece together a clearer picture of ecosystem change over centuries of anthropogenic influence. One aspect of this long-term approach is that data are being recovered from some surprising sources, and, when placed alongside other evidence, are being used to create models of change through time where previously none would have been thought possible. Taking its lead from this work, our research takes a mixed approach to the history of Scotland's regional fisheries in the 19th century, combining the anecdotal evidence of fishers to parliamentary commissions of enquiry with data relating to landings and fishing effort which were gathered by the United Kingdom Fishery Board from 1809 onwards. As a result, it has been possible to calculate catch per unit effort (cpue) for the period between 1845 and the mid-1880s which, when placed alongside the direct evidence of fishers, lead to some unexpected conclusions. In particular, we demonstrate that inshore stocks of commercial whitefish appear to have been in decline by the mid-1850s in some areas, many years before the widespread adoption of beam trawling in Scotland; and we conclude that the most likely reason for this decline is the rapid intensification of fishing from open boats using the traditional techniques of handlines and longlines.

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