scholarly journals Valorization of Crushed Glass as a Potential Replacement for Sand in Cement Stabilized Fly Ash Bricks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Saraswathy ◽  
Jijo James ◽  
P. Kasinatha Pandian ◽  
G. Sriram ◽  
J. K. Sundar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Control Specimen ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sand Stabilized

AbstractThe present study involved the utilization of crushed glass as an auxiliary additive in the manufacture of cement stabilized fly ash (CSF) bricks. The bricks were made with 1:1 proportion of fly ash and sand stabilized with 20 % cement. Crushed glass was used as replacement for the fine aggregate in increments of 10 % up to 40 % wherein the sand was completely replaced with crushed glass. The various mix proportions were then moulded into bricks with the addition of water by hand moulding method of forming the bricks and sun dried followed by sprinkle curing over a period of 21 days. The bricks were then subjected to compressive strength, water absorption and efflorescence tests to gauge its performance. The investigation revealed that the addition of crushed glass to the brick mix resulted in an increase in strength of the bricks, however, the maximum strength achieved could not achieve the strength of the control specimen. But the strength was higher than the minimum strength recommended by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for stabilized blocks as well as burnt bricks. It also reduced the water absorption marginally while no efflorescence was seen in any of the combinations. A cost comparison revealed that the optimal combination with crushed glass was able reduce the cost of the brick by 20 %.

scholarly journals Effect of fly ash on physical and mechanical properties of mortar

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Vu-An Tran
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Control Specimen

This research investigates the physical and mechanical properties of mortar incorporating fly ash (FA), which is by-product of Duyen Hai thermal power plant. Six mixtures of mortar are produced with FA at level of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% (by volume) as cement replacement and at water-to-binder (W/B) of 0.5. The flow, density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption tests are made under relevant standard in this study. The results have shown that the higher FA content increases the flow of mortar but significantly decreases the density of mixtures. The water absorption and setting time increases as the samples incorporating FA. Compressive strength of specimen with 10% FA is approximately equal to control specimen at the 91-day age. The flexural strength of specimen ranges from 7.97 MPa to 8.94 MPa at the 91-day age with the best result for samples containing 10% and 20% FA.

scholarly journals Performance of Fly Ash - Lime Stabilized Lateritic Soil Blocks Subjected to Alternate Cycles of Wetting and Drying

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijo James ◽  
Rajasekaran Saraswathy
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Lime Stabilization ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Marginal Increase ◽  
Durability Performance

AbstractThe study investigated the durability performance of lime and fly ash stabilized lateritic soil blocks subjected to conditions of alternate wetting and drying. A locally available lateritic soil was collected and characterized in the laboratory for its geotechnical properties. The soil was then stabilized using lime and fly ash of various combinations. The blocks were tested for their compressive strength, water absorption and efflorescence. Durability was evaluated by subjecting the blocks to three cycles of wetting and drying and testing its compressive strength. The investigation revealed that fly ash-lime stabilization was capable of producing stabilized blocks meeting the standard requirements of Indian codes in terms of compressive strength, water absorption and efflorescence. The results revealed that a combination of 10 % fly ash with 10 % lime was enough to stabilize the soil to achieve the strength of a class 20 block whereas a combination of 10 % fly ash and 14 % lime was required to achieve the strength of a class 30 block. Wetting and drying cycles resulted in a marginal increase in strength after the first cycle but reduction thereafter. The optimal combination of 10 % fly ash and 14 % lime resulted in less than 25 % loss in strength after three cycles of wetting and drying.

scholarly journals Study on the Suitability of Soils in Ilu Aba Bora Zone for Hydraform Block Production for Low Cost Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beneyam Neguse Furgasa ◽  
Fadilu Shafi Jote ◽  
Natnael Bekele Tilahun
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Control Block ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Problem Laboratory

Due to a high construction material cost in Ethiopia, it is difficult to afford a shelter by most our peoples. The Hydra form block (HFB) has been identified as low-cost building material with its potential and possibility to reverse the housing problem. Laboratory tests were conducted on Mettu, Nopa, Gore, and Hurumu areas soil. Using hydra form machine with average mold size of 29*14*10cm, hydra form blocks were casted with the three percentages increment of cement. Compressive strength and water absorption tests were conducted at 28 days. The investigation has revealed that all the soil sample except Gore soil have significant characteristics that make it suitable for stabilization with recommended soil properties. From the experimental study, all the blocks except blocks produced with Gore soil have 28th day compressive strength values well above most of the recommended minimum values. Water absorption was less than the maximum limit of 15%. But, for control block and for stabilized with 3% cement, water absorption result is out of the recommended values (0-15) %. The cost comparison of Hydra form blocks with hollow concrete block and fired clay brick shows that the Hydra form block is cheapest walling material in terms of production cost and a typical hydra form block production center can create a job for more than 50 peoples.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PEAT WATER ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COCONUT SHELL AND FLY ASH BASED CONCRETE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Yulin Patrisia ◽  
Topan Eka Putra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Coconut Shells

This study aimed to determine the influence of peat water on the mechanical properties of the paving block (compressive strength and water absorption) using coconut shell waste and fly ash as raw material. The background of the research were the lack utilization of fly ash, preparation for the handling and utilization of fly ash from power station at Pulang Pisau and Tumbang Kajuei (under construction), and the utilization of coconut shell to be more effective and economical. Paving block specimens were immersed in peat water to determine the effect of peat water and the rest were immersed in plain water. This experiment used fly ash as a partial replacement of cement and 2% coconut shell as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. The results of the analysis showed that: (a) Paving block using fly ash and coconut shells which were immersed in plain water experienced the increase in compressive strength and the decrease in water; (b) Paving block using fly ash and coconut shells soaked in peat water showed that by the increase of age, compressive strength was decrease and water absorption was increase; (c) The compressive strength of paving block specimens immersed in plain water and peat water showed relatively similar values at 7 and 28 days age, (d). Water absorption in paving block specimens soaked both in plain water and peat water showed relatively similar values at 7 days age, but at 28 days age the specimens immersed in peat water had greater water absorption.

scholarly journals Durability Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber, Fly Ash and Calcium Carbide Waste

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Sylvia Kelechi ◽  
Musa Adamu ◽  
Abubakar Mohammed ◽  
Yasser Ibrahim ◽  
Ifeyinwa Obianyo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Acid Attack ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Durability Properties

Waste tire disposal continues to pose a threat to the environment due to its non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, some means of managing waste tires include grinding them to crumb rubber (CR) sizes and using them as a partial replacement to fine aggregate in concrete. However, the use of CR has a series of advantages, but its major disadvantage is strength reduction. This leads to the utilization of calcium carbide waste (CCW) to mitigate the negative effect of CR in self-compacting concrete (SCC). This study investigates the durability properties of SCC containing CR modified using fly ash and CCW. The durability properties considered are water absorption, acid attack, salt resistance, and elevated temperature of the mixes. The experiment was conducted for mixes with no-fly ash content and their replica mixes containing fly ash to replace 40% of the cement. In the mixes, CR was used to partially replace fine aggregate in proportions of 0%, 10%, and 20% by volume, and CCW was used as a partial replacement to cement at 0%, 5%, and 10% by volume. The results indicate that the mixes containing fly ash had higher resistance to acid (H2SO4) and salt (MgSO4), with up to 23% resistance observed when compared to the mix containing no fly ash. In addition, resistance to acid attack decreased with the increase in the replacement of fine aggregate with CR. The same principle applied to the salt attack scenario, although the rate was more rapid with the acid than the salt. The results obtained from heating indicate that the weight loss was reduced slightly with the increase in CCW, and was increased with the increase in CR and temperature. Similarly, the compressive strength was observed to slightly increase at room temperature (27 °C) and the greatest loss in compressive strength was observed between the temperature of 300 and 400 °C. However, highest water absorption, of 2.83%, was observed in the mix containing 20% CR, and 0% CCW, while the lowest water absorption, of 1.68%, was found in the mix with 0% CR, 40% fly ash, and 10% CCW. In conclusion, fly ash is recommended for concrete structures immersed in water, acid, or salt in sulphate- and magnesium-prone areas; conversely, fly ash and CR reduce the resistance of SCC to heat beyond 200 °C.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study of Bricks Made with Different Mineral Additives

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
Harsimranjit Singh ◽  
Mudasir Nazeer ◽  
Aditya Kumar Tiwary
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Residential And Commercial Sectors ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Large numbers of bricks are required to meet the needs of increasing population for both residential and commercial sectors. The overall development and industrial development lead to the use of the traditional bricks at a very hefty rate. The traditional bricks are commonly made up of clay as its main component as a result it is on the verge of exhaustion. To standardize its broad, utilize and discovering its auxiliary one is the need of the hour. In this study, bricks were made by using different proportions of alternative materials like fly ash (FA), sand, lime and plaster of Paris. The size of specimen 230×110×70 mm was manufactured and quality constraints like compressive strength and water absorption were tested at different curing ages. The cost-effective mix design of the bricks for optimum compressive strength and rate analysis was also the part of this study. It was detected from the observation of results that the compressive strength decreases with increasing percentage in fly ash and increases with increasing percentage of sand and lime in fly ash-based bricks. Increment in water absorption was observed as fly ash content is increased and decrement of water absorption is seen with increasing percentage of sand and lime in fly ash-based bricks.

scholarly journals Optimizing the usage of fly ash in concrete mixes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sabelo N. F. Zulu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
South African ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Cement And Concrete ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

Improving on our construction practices to promote sustainable development in engineering and to promote eco-friendly living is vital in the fight against global warming and associated problems. This study looked at one of the ways in which engineering can contribute to this fight through promoting the recycling of waste by-products such as fly ash (FA), on a larger scale in the cement and concrete industry, by utilizing the FA to the optimum. In this study concrete mixes of 25 MPa, 35 MPa and 50 MPa with FA partially substituting the cement at 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% were produced and numerous tests were performed to determine the optimum amount of FA that can be used and still obtain better or comparable concrete to ordinary concrete. Testing for concrete properties was conducted under laboratory conditions over a period of one year. In addition, a cost comparison between ordinary concrete and FA concrete was undertaken. The results obtained show that the increase in FA content influenced the rheological properties of fresh concrete favorable. The recorded slump increased with the increase of FA content. Increasing the FA content prolonged the setting of concrete, with the ordinary concrete taking 1 hour 45 min to set, compared to more than 2 hours for FA mixes. The FA increase had negligible effects on the air content of the concrete mixes. The drying shrinkage of concrete increased with the increase of FA content, with the strain ranging from 0,045% to 0,56%. The compressive strength results show that the control mixes with 30% FA content attained the highest compressive strength over a year. In some cases, the 40% FA strength was compatible to the 30% FA strength. The durability index results showed the control mix of 30% FA attaining better results for Oxygen Permeability Index and Sorptivity Index, with the 40% FA mix following closely. The higher FA content mixes (50% and 60%) attained better Chloride Conductivity results than the lower FA content mixes. Increasing the FA content does affect the performance of the concrete at early stages, however concrete with acceptable strength and good durability qualities can be produced even with 50% FA volume. Increasing the FA content can also significantly reduce the cost of producing and working with concrete. The practice of utilizing higher FA content in concrete can be beneficial for the South African cement and concrete industry without compromising the quality of the cement products concrete structures.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Lightweight Eco-friendly Construction Bricks Made with Fly Ash and Bentonite

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2090-2096
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Foundry Sand

Brick is one of the foremost extensively used construction materials for masonry purpose. Emphasizing the possibility to convey imperative effect against India's present-day lodging and industrial waste concerns are of paramount importance. This could be achieved by fabricating sustainable products using industrial wastes. Alkali-activated products are assumed to be eco-friendly and economical, leading to Portland cement-free products. This project work is an attempt to discover an eco-friendly brick for construction purposes by totally replacing the normal brick components by wastes from many industries. For the investigation purpose, we developed geopolymer bricks by utilizing fly ash as the binder, foundry sand as the fine aggregate, bentonite as an additive for improving its properties and finally the alkaline arrangement (a blend of NaOH and Na2SiO3 ). Fly ash combines with alkalis such as Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3 ) creating an alumino-silicate gel, that shows properties similar to that of cement and it can be used as the environment-friendly binding material. The design mix proportions of the current work are 0.54:0.44:0.04 (fly ash: foundry sand: bentonite), solutions to fly ash ratio is 0.5 and the ratio of Na2SiO3 to NaOH is 1.5. The basic characteristics of bricks such as compressive strength, water absorption capacity, density, soundness, efflorescence, and hardness were tested. It attains a compressive strength value ranging between 6-25Mpa, water absorption value in between 5-12% and also the developed bricks were light in weight. Also, the final conclusions were drawn after comparing the test results with other geopolymer bricks and clay burnt bricks. Geopolymer bricks seem to be incredibly beneficial as they will amalgamate a large quantity of industrial wastes. The utilization of waste raw materials (except for alkaline activator solution) resulted in a substantial reduction in the estimated production cost of the bricks.

Strength Assesment of Asphaltic Concrete using Bitumen, Natural Fibre and Stone Dust: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3044-3050
Author(s):  
Divesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Stone Dust ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Research Studies

In this review article, the usage of bitumen, sisal fiber and the sisal fiber for improving the strength parameters of concrete is discussed in detail. Numerous research studies related to the usage of bitumen, sisal fiber and stone dust are studied in detail to determine the results and outcome out of it. Previous research works showed that all, these materials were enhancing the strength and durability aspects of the concrete and depending upon the research studies certain outcomes has been drawn which are as follows. The studies related to the usage of the bitumen or asphalt in concrete so as to produce bituminous concrete or asphaltic concrete, the previous research works conclude that the maximum strength was attained at 5 percent usage of the bitumen and after further usage the general compressive strength of the concrete starts declining. The previous studies related to the usage of the sisal fiber showed that with the usage of the sisal fiber in the concrete, the strength aspects of concrete were improving and the maximum strength was obtained at 1.5 percent usage of the sisal fiber and after his the strength starts declining. Further the studies related to the usage of the stone dust showed that with the usage of stone dust as partial replacement of the natural fine aggregate the compressive strength of the concrete was improving and it was conclude that with the increase in the percentage of the stone dust, the compressive strength of the concrete was increasing.

scholarly journals STRENGTH, WATER ABSORPTION AND THERMAL COMFORT OF MORTAR BRICKS CONTAINING CRUSHED CERAMIC WASTE

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorli Ismail ◽  
Norhafizah Salleh ◽  
Noor Faezah Mohd Yusof ◽  
Zalipah Jamellodin ◽  
Mohd Faizal Mohd Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Masonry Units

This present study investigated the crushed ceramic waste utilisation as sand replacement in solid mortar bricks. The percentage of crushed ceramic waste used were 0% (CW0), 10% (CW10), 20% (CW20) and 30% (CW30) from the total weight of sand. The dimension prescribed of mortar bricks are 215 mm x 102.5 mm x 65 mm as followed accordance to MS 2281:2010 and BS EN 771-1:2011+A1:2015. Four (4) tests were conducted on mortar bricks namely crushing strength, water absorption, compressive strength of masonry units and thermal comfort. The incorporation of ceramic waste in all designated mortar bricks showed the increment of crushing strength between 23% and 46% at 28 days of curing and decrement water absorption between 34% and 44% was recorded corresponding to control mortar bricks. The prism test of masonry units consists of mortar bricks containing ceramic waste indicated the high increment of compressive strength at about 200% as compared to mortar brick without ceramic waste. The thermal comfort test of ceramic mortar bricks were also showed the good insulation with low interior temperature. Therefore, the ceramic waste can be utilised as a material replacement to fine aggregate in mortar brick productions due to significant outcomes performed. 

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