scholarly journals A Monstrous Morality: Tzitzimime and their Relatives as Enforcers of Social Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-57
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Hudson ◽  
John S. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Cultural Contexts

Abstract The tzitzimime – as reflected in central Mexican ethnohistorical sources and precolumbian imagery – represent a diverse array of mostly female divinities associated with fertility. Under Spanish influence, they were re-conceptualized as malevolent, mostly male agents of the Christian devil. Related beings attested elsewhere, especially in the ethnography of eastern Mesoamerica, are distinctly monstrous. They are particularly salient in “wild” contexts, outside the realm of culture, and serve as enforcers of social norms. This paper traces the development of these creatures from their quasi-monstrous tzitzimime forbears and considers how they have been – and continue to be – conceptualized in relation to sociopolitical differences in their cultural contexts.

scholarly journals "I Know Where You Live!" – Aspects of Watching, Surveillance and Social Control in a Conflict Zone (Northern Ireland)

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Zurawski
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
The Way

This article examines the special role of non-technological, everyday surveillance in Northern Ireland, and its meaning for life in the conflict laden province. It looks at the dimensions of people watching other people and how it is that the culture of conflict, which undoubtedly still exists in Northern Ireland, also produces a culture of surveillance. This culture then affects the way in which other forms of surveillance are viewed: with the introduction of CCTV into Northern Ireland, it becomes clear that many issues connected to this technology differ in comparison to other locations and cultural contexts, particularly with regard to issues of trust

7. How do we control crime?

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Tim Newburn
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Recent Trends

‘How do we control crime?’ discusses the formal and less formal means thought to control crime. The formal means refer to the use of the criminal justice system: the police, courts, and prison system. Arising from what we know to be the limitations of organized criminal justice in relation to crime control, the less formal means to control crime are considered as the processes of socialization, whereby social norms and values are learned, reinforced by what is often referred to as informal social control. Recent trends in the use of punishment, from incarceration in prisons to the use of non-custodial, community-based penalties are also discussed.

Do Social Constraints Inhibit Analytical Atheism? Cognitive Style and Religiosity in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Caldwell-Harris ◽  
Sevil Hocaoğlu ◽  
Jonathan Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Analogous Effect

Abstract Recent studies claim that having an analytical cognitive style is correlated with reduced religiosity in western populations. However, in cultural contexts where social norms constrain behavior, such cognitive characteristics may have reduced influence on behaviors and beliefs. We labeled this the ‘constraining environments hypothesis.’ In a sample of 246 Muslims in Turkey, the hypothesis was supported for gender. Females face social pressure to be religious. Unlike their male counterparts, they were more religious, less analytical, and their analytical scores were uncorrelated with religiosity. We had predicted an analogous effect for the comparison between monolingual and bilingual students, since English-proficient students are exposed to a wider social environment. The bilingual students were less religious than the monolingual students, yet they were also less analytical. Thus, being analytical was not the path to lower religiosity for the bilingual students. Cognitive styles need to be studied along with social norms in a variety of cultures, to understand religion-cognition relationships.

Why Are Modern Families Small? Toward an Evolutionary and Cultural Explanation for the Demographic Transition

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Newson ◽  
Tom Postmes ◽  
S. E. G Lea ◽  
Paul Webley
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Cultural Explanation

As societies modernize, they go through what has become known as “the demographic transition;” couples begin to limit the size of their families. Models to explain this change assume that reproductive behavior is either under individual control or under social control. The evidence that social influence plays a role in the control of reproduction is strong, but the models cannot adequately explain why the development of small family norms always accompanies modernization. We suggest that the widening of social networks, which has been found to occur with modernization, is sufficient to explain the change in reproductive norms if it is assumed that (a) advice and comment on reproduction that passes among kin is more likely to encourage the creation of families than that which passes among nonkin and (b) this advice and comment influence the social norms induced from the communications. This would, through a process of cultural evolution, lead to the development of norms that make it increasingly difficult to have large families.

scholarly journals SOSIAL CONTROL : SIFAT DAN SANKSI SEBAGAI SARANA KONTROL SOSIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Sudharma Putra
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Norms And Values

<p>Society in social life always there is a means in the form of control or control to regulate the various behavior or behavior anngota social group, It means that human behavior should be limited by the rules so that humans can know what to do and actions that should not be done. Behavior that is governed means a limit of values ??and norms deviant and antisocial. Con- versely, the behaviors that are ordered mean that they contain values ??and norms that are komformis. Prevention or handling efforts for the community not to violate the rules, then within the community group must have a set of values ??and norms is none other than to prevent or reduce the violation of the rules. This is called the form of social control. When looking at the function of social control that applies to the life of the community, is to develop a fear that someone not to do acts that are not in accordance with the values ??and norms that apply, and provide compensation for people who comply with the values ??and norms -the prevailing norms so as to reinforce a sense of confidence in society that the value is supposed to be adhered to for the life of society towards the better. And able to create a legal system (the rules are formally formulated with the sanctions contained in it). From these limitations, it can be interpreted that social control is a designed or not designed and controlled means and process aimed at engag- ing, educating, and even forcing citizens to comply with prevailing social norms and values.</p>

Social Order in a Leisure Setting: The Case of Recreational Swimmers in a Pool

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard L. Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Patterns And Processes

Firsthand observations of recreational swimmers in a university pool are used to show how leisure participants, informally and largely nonverbally, structure and maintain their interaction in predictable and sociable patterns. The paper builds on these observations to show the kinds of social norms, statuses, and roles that constitute basic elements of social structure in the leisure setting of a pool, and it examines how regular leisure participants in such a setting maintain their informal social order through subtle or obvious, but usually nonverbal, means of social control. Analysis of the construction and maintenance of informal social order in a pool is presented here as a spring-board for enriching our understanding of patterns and processes of informal, nonverbal social organization and social control in other settings.

scholarly journals SOCIAL CONTROL AND CORRUPTION OFFENCES OF LEGAL ENTITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Александр Федоров ◽  
Aleksandr Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Legal Entities

The article is based on the theses of the report at the VI Eurasian Anti-Corruption Forum “Social control as a key factor of anti-corruption” (Moscow, April 26—27, 2017) and is devoted to social control as a regulator of public relations, which consists in the development and implementation of social norms, allowing to maintain compliance with the rules of life, providing socially significant public interests. In addition the allocation of anti-corruption social control is justified, based on the relevant social norms, including moral and religious norms, morality and law. In particular, it is noted that the assessment of the activities of a legal entity as immoral and sinful may be one of the components of the justification for the need to criminalize the acts of legal entities or to establish administrative liability for such acts. In the opinion of the author, if we consider the immoral and sinful act of a legal entity from the position of the inner world, then the legal entity does not have such a world. However, this should not be an obstacle for assessing the act of a legal entity as immoral or sinful, because such an assessment is given by a society that can condemn a legal entity for actions committed from the moral and religious positions. On the basis of the analysis it is concluded that not everything that is applicable to a particular person can be applied to a legal entity, but the law and morality are developing in such a way that, perhaps in the long term, the public condemnation of legal entities for committing corrupt offences, recognized by the population as sinful and immoral, will become no less effective measure of impact than the attraction of a legal entity to administrative or criminal liability.

Civility Values and Cyberbullying Prevention in the Digital Workspace

2021 ◽  
pp. 572-590
Author(s):  
Eva Zedlacher ◽  
Martina Hartner-Tiefenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Moral Awareness ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Formal Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modeling Behavior

In the digital workspace, new forms of (negative) interactions have emerged. Workplace cyberbullying can be pervasive, fast, and intrude the private sphere. These aspects make organizational surveillance and prevention challenging. In this conceptual chapter, the authors argue that for establishing an ethical digital workspace, civility values and ethical principles of individual responsibility and mutual respect are crucial. For prevention of workplace cyberbullying, formal systems like technological detection systems or policies are insufficient. Rather, organizations need to foster informal “social control.” The social norms in small workgroups and the leader's role-modeling behavior should guide the digital behavior of employees at and beyond work, and eventually create a climate of respect. This should also help to increase bystanders' moral awareness of allegedly minor uncivil incidents. Examples of different formal and informal preventive measures are discussed. The chapter ends with a brief discussion and outlook on future legal and technological advancements.

Social control as the central concept of sociology and social pedagogy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Martina Urbanová ◽  
Jana Dundelová
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Social Pedagogy ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Individual

This article focuses on the issue of social control, which is discussed here from different points of view within sociology and social pedagogy. Social control deals with prevention as well as with responses to deviations from desirable behavioural patterns, and in the centre of its interest are interrelationships and sometimes rather inconsistencies between the individual and society. This is connected with the question of what are actually "desirable patterns of behaviour" and who are the concrete authors of this norm, i.e. in whose interest (individuals or groups) are introduced the norms of behaviour. The authors point out the fact that the usual reference to society conceals only the decisive context, i.e. social norms have in fact very often ideological function which also influences significantly the area of social pedagogy which (like other sciences or more precisely their knowledge) can become a mere instrument of any ideology, i.e. of the ruling class or group.

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