Social control as the central concept of sociology and social pedagogy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Martina Urbanová ◽  
Jana Dundelová

This article focuses on the issue of social control, which is discussed here from different points of view within sociology and social pedagogy. Social control deals with prevention as well as with responses to deviations from desirable behavioural patterns, and in the centre of its interest are interrelationships and sometimes rather inconsistencies between the individual and society. This is connected with the question of what are actually "desirable patterns of behaviour" and who are the concrete authors of this norm, i.e. in whose interest (individuals or groups) are introduced the norms of behaviour. The authors point out the fact that the usual reference to society conceals only the decisive context, i.e. social norms have in fact very often ideological function which also influences significantly the area of social pedagogy which (like other sciences or more precisely their knowledge) can become a mere instrument of any ideology, i.e. of the ruling class or group.

Author(s):  
Edoardo Baietti

Social control and responsibility attribution as fundamental concepts for a comparative analysis between the "Psychology of Crowds" (1895) by Gustave Le Bon and "The Criminal Crowd" (1891) by Scipio Sighele. The present study attempts to demonstrate the limitation of the distancing of the French thinker from the work of the Italian criminologist. Pioneering examples of psychology of crowds in a sociological/philosophical (for Le Bon) and criminological/forensic (for Sighele) interpretation, the texts follow some common reflections, overshadowed by the different background of the two authors and a different authorial purpose. In fact, for the eminent theoretician of positive law of Lombrosian inspiration the objective is to establish a criminal responsibility commensurate with the crimes of the members of the crowd, through the criterion of the temibility of the offender, for Le Bon instead (at least according to certain points of view) it is about providing the tools of control to the individual who does not want to be overwhelmed by the power of the crowd, while not neglecting even the latter some interesting suggestions of criminal law. This different perspective makes it easier for the reader to see the differences in thought and less easy to glimpse moments of conceptual harmony. At the same time, it will be attempted to demonstrate how it is not possible, even in spite of the title attributed by Sighele to his own work, to limit the reflection of the criminologist to the crimes of the crowds and not even flatten it on the controversial theories of criminal anthropology.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Smilena Smilkova ◽  

The proposed material examines the creative task of students majoring in Social Pedagogy at the University „Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov“ in Burgas, and studying the discipline Art Pedagogy – Part 1 – Music. In the course of the lecture course students get acquainted with the elements of musical expression, as a means of figurative representations and impact of music, with different techniques concerning individual musical activities, with the endless and diverse opportunities that music provides in the use of art pedagogy for social work teachers.Verbal interpretation of music is a necessary component when working with children with special educational needs, at risk and in the norm. Looking at Tchaikovsky’s short and extremely figurative piano piece „The Sick Doll“ from his charming „Children’s Album“, in the form of a short story, tale or essay, students express their personal vision, feeling and transformation of the musical image. The aim of the task is to transcribe the sound image into a verbal one. This requires speed, flexibility and logic in thinking, through imagination and creativity in its manifestation. Children love to listen, especially when they are involved. In search of the right way to solve problems and situations, future social educators could successfully benefit from the conversion of sound into words, according to the needs and deficits of the individual or group.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa V. Giles ◽  
Michael S. Koehle ◽  
Brian E. Saelens ◽  
Hind Sbihi ◽  
Chris Carlsten

Abstract Background The physical environment can facilitate or hinder physical activity. A challenge in promoting physical activity is ensuring that the physical environment is supportive and that these supports are appropriately tailored to the individual or group in question. Ideally, aspects of the environment that impact physical activity would be enhanced, but environmental changes take time, and identifying ways to provide more precision to physical activity recommendations might be helpful for specific individuals or groups. Therefore, moving beyond a “one size fits all” to a precision-based approach is critical. Main body To this end, we considered 4 critical aspects of the physical environment that influence physical activity (walkability, green space, traffic-related air pollution, and heat) and how these aspects could enhance our ability to precisely guide physical activity. Strategies to increase physical activity could include optimizing design of the built environment or mitigating of some of the environmental impediments to activity through personalized or population-wide interventions. Conclusions Although at present non-personalized approaches may be more widespread than those tailored to one person’s physical environment, targeting intrinsic personal elements (e.g., medical conditions, sex, age, socioeconomic status) has interesting potential to enhance the likelihood and ability of individuals to participate in physical activity.


Author(s):  
Tamarra Wallace

The conflict between the rules of society and the rights of the individual can lead to a chaotic moral state. In Michael Brander’s The Victorian Gentleman, Brander details how Victorian gentlemen are permitted freedom as long as they adhere to social norms in public. In Joris-Karl’s Huysmans’ À Rebours, Huysmans details how a member of the Decadent movement, Des Esseintes, prioritizes the fulfilment of his own desires over societal expectations. In Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde demonstrates how the tension between the Victorian pressure to conform and the Decadent philosophy to seek pleasure leads to Dorian Gray’s downfall. In his condemnation of the Victorians for their equation of appearancewith morality, and the Decadents for their preference of sensation over morality in The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde endeavours to show the consequences of the suppression of guilt.In The Picture of Dorian Gray, the tension between the Victorian notion of the appearance of morality and the Decadent tendency to subvert the significance of art to moralityculminates in Dorian Gray’s inability to accept that he possesses guilt. As his participation in the Decadent lifestyle leads to his indulgence and vice, and he cannot distinguish between his looksand his conscience, he experiences the loss of the primary component of morality: the soul.


Author(s):  
Yulia Fanilevna Aitova ◽  

The article analyzes the issue of determining the legal status of the individual management body of a limited liability company. The author begins his research with the concept of legal status existing in the general theory of law, and then proceeds to consider the issue from the point of view of philosophical categories. In addition, the work explores the diversity of points of view existing in the doctrine regarding the legal status of the individual management body of economic societies.


Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Ninoshka J. D’Souza ◽  
Miaobing Zheng ◽  
Gavin Abbott ◽  
Sandrine Lioret ◽  
Kylie D. Hesketh

Identifying correlates of behavioural patterns are important to target population sub-groups at increased health risk. The aim was to investigate correlates of behavioural patterns comprising four behavioural domains in children. Data were from the HAPPY study when children were 6–8 years (n = 335) and 9–11 years (n = 339). Parents reported correlate and behavioural data (dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep). Behavioural data were additionally captured using accelerometers. Latent profile analysis was used to derive patterns. Patterns were identified as healthy, unhealthy, and mixed at both time points. Multinomial logistic regression tested for associations. Girls were more likely to display healthy patterns at 6–8 years and display unhealthy and mixed patterns at 9–11 years than boys, compared to other patterns at the corresponding ages. Increased risk of displaying the unhealthy pattern with higher age was observed at both timepoints. At 9–11 years, higher parental working hours were associated with lower risk of displaying mixed patterns compared to the healthy pattern. Associations observed revealed girls and older children to be at risk for unhealthy patterns, warranting customisation of health efforts to these groups. The number of behaviours included when deriving patterns and the individual behaviours that dominate each pattern appear to be drivers of the associations for child level, but not for family level, correlates.


2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 05012
Author(s):  
Taisiya Kolesnik ◽  
Elena Dergacheva

The processes of socialization of the individual in the conditions of substitution of the biosphere by the technosphere are analyzed. It is concluded that the rapid rate of change is aligned with the evolutionarily developed mechanisms of adaptation. This causes deterioration of human health and results in the inability of people to protect themselves from the negative effects of the anthropogenic world. At this conjuncture, the correction of the processes of socialization and adaptation, as well as the development of a system of values that provides for preserving of the biosphere world and life, become the fundamental tasks of education. The results of the analysis show that modern education is losing traction in the process of mindset formation, delegating these functions to other information spheres, virtual reality, and spontaneous areas of Masscult. As a result, the traditional socialization process is broken. Humane correction of the current trends requires a change in the philosophical strategy of education development. As a basis for such a strategy, we propose social pedagogy that directly studies the processes of socialization of individuals. The concept of this discipline allows using the socio-natural approach as the basis for analyzing the processes, taking place in the world and in life.


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1737-1741
Author(s):  
Rita Loloçi ◽  
Orneda Gega Hoxha

In this study, we will try to explain the correlation that exists between social ethics and personal ethics. Today’s challenges of human society in the field of ethics, morality and consciousness are not the same in different eras and in nations or groups of states. All three of these domains move more slowly than other processes, but are indispensable in everyday life. State authority in constantly way strive to create legal rules, but their non-compliance with ethic, principles of morality and conscience create major problems in contemporary development. Rapid contemporary developments, especially those in the field of technology and science have brought other concepts to social and personal ethics, but the necessity of their presence always adapting to other conditions has been felt. Today’s man seeks to understand it more in the form of ethics and social education. For example: nudity, morality principles to this phenomenon have changed from generation to generation, once considered shame and today as something private. The reality of the moral and conceptual problems that human and society have had over law, the rights and ethics have changed, concepts have been overthrown, and the way how people have been judged for different situations has evolved. Individual’s education in the traditional societies have been very important issue in his/ her life. That was a lifelong learning process instead. Education’s main purpose was to help the individual during his/her life so that he/she was not only responsible and aware of the environment, but to prepare the individual to fit into real life. In the actual society there are different points of views as far as the moral and civilizing education bonds are concerned. A mutual environment asks for mutual values, but on the other hand it is assumed the need to understand, accept and support even the values which may be different from the individual ones. In other words, the civil education has to treat moral as a separate issue, even though there are different opinions like: moral is a personal choice, moral is given by God, moral is a social agreement, etc. What we should emphasize is the fact that dealing with similar points of view is as important as debating against the opposite ones. It would be very positive if this could be achieved for a common understanding. But does everyone understand what moral, social and personal ethic is? Another question adds to this one: How is the problem of moral going to be treated? And is it necessary to set tasks or duties on moral as well? What features must moral education have in a view of the evolution of society as whole in terms of a new worldview? Today humanity is on the rise and is heading towards great organisation, but one must keep in mind that within this uniformity there is also diversity to be respected. The new worldview must be open to new progress and thinking not only from the content but also from the form.


Slavic Review ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonina Filonov Gove

In examining the development of Tsvetaeva's lyric verse, it is possible to discern a recurrent thematic strain: a rejection by the poet of the conventional roles imposed on the individual by society, particularly certain characteristics of the feminine role. I will try to show that Tsvetaeva, in the process of rejecting, via her poetry, this key ingredient in a person's self-concept—namely, the sex role as defined by society—along with a rejection of other limiting social norms, developed images of the self that transcend social roles. Moreover, the working out of this poetic identity is not continuous but falls into several chronological stages.In discussing a poet's self, critical method prescribes that a distinction be maintained between the individual and the poetic persona. Without negating this methodological stricture, it is important to keep in mind that for some poets an adequate interpretation requires one to perceive that the persona is an elaborate poetic projection and mythologization of the individual.


Ensemblance ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 230-243
Author(s):  
Luis de Miranda

At the end of this book, we understand that esprit de corps, in all its ambiguity, is the reflection of our modern evaluative ambiguities towards the collective and the individual. Is the group a cognitive prison, the locus of social control, be it political or economic? Or can esprit de corps be a sphere of resistance and well-belonging? Is the individual the engine of history or a social automaton? From the different analyses proposed in the book, four dynamic types or moments of esprit de corps emerge: creative, autonomist, conformative, and universalist. The author argues that autonomist esprit de corps is a model from which we can learn to answer questions of well- or ill-belonging in times of regimental capitalism. With the evolution of digital networks and big data, new forms of esprit de corps are emerging. But it seems that many still haven’t solved what is perhaps the most important question of our modernity: not ‘to be or not to be’, but rather to belong or not to belong.


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