scholarly journals Outline of the development of research on the impact of Neolithic settlements on the transformation on loess landscapes in southern Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Ryzner ◽  
Piotr Owczarek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Landscape Transformations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDuring the last few decades, many case studies have focused on landscape transformations in response to water erosion, human impact, and climate changes. This article presents a review and comparison of the current state of knowledge on conducted research on the impact of the activities of early humans on the relief and forms of loess areas in Poland based on the results of a variety of dating methods (OSL, TL, C14, 137Cs, palynology, dendrochronology etc.). The influence of land-use activity since the first permanent settlements (8,000–5,200 BP) played a major role in the development of certain sand sediment terrain forms: gullies, river terraces, the filling of isolated depressions and alluvial fans in the loess areas. As a result, a simplified scheme of landscape evolution was created along with a map of the most investigated areas by authors. The main problem was to differentiate the influence of anthropogenic factors from natural ones occurring either simultaneously or alternatively. The developed deposits form a geo-archive which has recorded the history of environmental changes. A detailed analysis of the sedimentary structures provides the possibility to reconstruct and understand past functional responses in natural systems. It is important to consider the impact of climate change and human influence over the course of history on a specific geomorphological system. This can help to predict future land changes and likely hazards.

scholarly journals Analysis of thiram derivatives use in plant complex of the Kursk region

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Korolev ◽  
Olga A. Medvedeva ◽  
Vera A. Ryadnova ◽  
Sergey A. Losenok ◽  
Ekaterina S. Nikitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kursk Region

The impact on the biosphere of anthropogenic factors is a serious environmental problem. Today, pesticides are becoming one of the important chemical factors that cause adverse environmental changes. Pesticides enter the human body through a contaminated hydrosphere, atmosphere, and food. Modern man is not able to grow and maintain crops without the use of pesticides. Penetrating into the human body, they cumulate, thereby contributing to the creation of threatening health situations. Despite this, modern human civilization cannot do without them. The purpose of the review was to study the circulation volume of derivatives of thiram, such as vitalon, vitavaks, vitasil, vitaros, tir and TMTD (Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide) in the agricultural complex of the Kursk region for the period 2007-2016. The data obtained at the Kursk Regional Plant Protection Station, as well as agrochemical protection station Kurskaya, were subjected to statistical analysis using the application Statistica 6.0. Circulating volumes of thiram's derivatives were examined in agro-industrial complex of Kursk area over a 10-year period. The proportion of fungicides of thiram's series with the release of agrochemicals dominant in the structure of seed crops cultivation technologies was investigated. A study of the structure of sown areas with the allocation of priority crops grown in the region was conducted, the total number of which amounted 80.76%. The ranking of the region by thirams derivatives was made. All studied fungicidal products of thiram are widely used for the cultivation of crops in the Kursk region. Identified regions with the biggest amount of making this group of agrochemicals in the soil are treated as high anthropogenic load zone and require the development of environmental protection. The volume of circulation of the studying group of pesticides can be dangerous to humans and animals, influence the formation of peoples somatic pathologies.

Past and Present Farming: Changes in Terms of Engagement

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Armstrong Oma
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

In archaeology, changes in human–animal relationships are rarely considered beyond the moment of domestication. This is influenced by Ingold’s idea that domestication led to a shift in the human engagement with animals (Ingold 2000: 61–76; see Armstrong Oma 2007: 62–4, 2010 for critique). I do not question the validity of such a claim; however, I argue that changes in terms of engagement also happened beyond domestication, and that various configurations of human–animal relationships have existed throughout history. Further, I argue that such changes also have consequences for the environment, by choice of land use strategies and husbandry regimes. A twofold purpose is pursued: first, to investigate how changes in social systems, in my case changes in terms of engagement between humans and animals, affect land use in such a way as to impinge upon natural systems and ecosystems. Second, I wish to grasp the political underpinnings of the models that are employed by archaeologists and, by doing so, to deconstruct the political use of the past (see also Stump, Chapter 10 this volume). Alternative models regarding economic strategies are sought, and the implications of these are discussed. Human–environment studies frequently deal with the impact of human intrusive land use strategies on ecosystems. Awareness has been created around these processes regarding land use techniques and practices (for example Denham and White 2007; Mazoyer and Roudart 2006). However, in European archaeology the impact of husbandry practices upon ecosystems has received considerably less, if any, attention. People in past societies from the Neolithic onwards made the conscious decision to live with animals as herders or as farmers, blending together social and economic choices that had repercussions for landscape developments and ecosystems. Investigations into the relationship between environmental changes caused by husbandry practices and the social systems that instigated those changes are an important contribution to research on past environmental development. These changes are identifiable in the archaeological record.

Ethics of Primate Fieldwork: Toward an Ethically Engaged Primatology

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin P. Riley ◽  
Michelle Bezanson
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Field

Field primatologists have ethical responsibilities that extend beyond study subjects to the local human communities living near primate populations and their surrounding ecosystems. In this review, we explore the history of ethical discussions within anthropological primatology and examine the best practices for an ethically engaged primatology that should be followed and role-modeled by primatologists. An increasing number of primates are showing reduced population sizes and are in imminent danger of extinction; thus, we need to carefully consider the ethics of intervening to ensure the survival of remaining populations, the impact of anthropogenic factors (e.g., climate change), and whether long-term field research results in conservation outcomes that consider local human communities. Because best practices change over time as theoretical frameworks and methodological tools advance and scientific goals change, field primatologists must continually reflect on what constitutes ethical practice and consider how research influences the overlapping dimensions of fieldwork: primates, people, and ecosystems.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Anthropogenic Factors on the Dissemination of Contemporary Cosmopolitan, Arctic, and Arctic-like Rabies Viruses

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Andrei A. Deviatkin ◽  
Yulia A. Vakulenko ◽  
Mariia A. Dashian ◽  
Alexander N. Lukashev
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Phylogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact

Rabies is a globally prevalent viral zoonosis that causes 59,000 deaths per year and has important economic consequences. Most virus spread is associated with the migration of its primary hosts. Anthropogenic dissemination, mainly via the transportation of rabid dogs, shaped virus ecology a few hundred years ago and is responsible for several current outbreaks. A systematic analysis of aberrant long-distance events in the steppe and Arctic-like groups of rabies virus was performed using statistical (Bayesian) phylogeography and plots of genetic vs. geographic distances. The two approaches produced similar results but had some significant differences and complemented each other. No phylogeographic analysis could be performed for the Arctic group because polar foxes transfer the virus across the whole circumpolar region at high velocity, and there was no correlation between genetic and geographic distances in this virus group. In the Arctic-like group and the steppe subgroup of the cosmopolitan group, a significant number of known sequences (15%–20%) was associated with rapid long-distance transfers, which mainly occurred within Eurasia. Some of these events have been described previously, while others have not been documented. Most of the recent long-distance transfers apparently did not result in establishing the introduced virus, but a few had important implications for the phylogeographic history of rabies. Thus, human-mediated long-distance transmission of the rabies virus remains a significant threat that needs to be addressed.

scholarly journals METHODS OF COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE FOR WATER RESOURCES IN CENTRAL ASIA - KARATAL RIVER CASE STUDY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhumakhan Suleimenovich MUSTAFAYEV ◽  
Jozef MOSIEJ ◽  
Lya Tobazhanovna KOZYKEEVA ◽  
Kurmanbek ZHANYMKHAN
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
The Impact

Development of the national economy in the Karatal basin river is characterized by the progressive involvement and development of the resource potential of natural landscapes, the current rate of utilization of which greatly enhances the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. A significant impact on the formation of the ecological environment of natural landscapes is provided by the rural and water sectors, as well as by industrial facilities related to processing and mining. At the same time, on the one hand the economic activity of the man in the catchment areas of the river basin gives a certain positive effect, and on the other hand, it is accompanied by an unavoidable set of negative ecological consequences that complicate ecological situations in various ranks of natural systems. Such negative natural and man-caused process in human activity occurs as a result of inadequate knowledge of the regularities of interaction between natural and anthropogenic factors, about the processes developing in the natural environment in complex watershed management, which is one of the obstacles on the way to the creation of ecologically sustainable cost-effective water catchment systems. Scientific interest to the assessment of the ecological state of the catchments of rivers and the problem of their complex development have been appeared relatively recently which is explained by the increase in modern conditions of anthropogenic load on the catchment areas, the need to assess the impact of such pressures on the ecological stability of catchments and the emergence of the problem of ensuring the sustainable function of catchments. The catena concept was developed to analyze the regular variability of soil on the slope. The example of this approach consists first in a structural component, the recurring pattern of certain soils in a landscape transects in which every chain element has its place in the chain, a soil has it in a landscape areal. The object of the research is the catchment basin of the Karatal river with a length of 390 km, an area of 19.1 thousand km², which is formed by the merger of three rivers called Tekeliaryk, Chadzha and Kora, sources which are at an altitude of 3200-3900 m. The initial 160 km is mountain character, from the Zhungarian Alatau and below the confluence of Kara and Chizhe River overlooks a wide intermountain plain. Other tributaries are Kara, Terekty, Laba, Balykty, Mokur and the most abundant is Koksu. After the confluence of the tributary of the Koksu River, Karatal flows through the sandy desert of the Southern Balkhash. At a distance of 40 km from the mouth, the river has a delta area of 860 km 2. According to long-term observations, the average annual discharge of the Karatal River in the Ushtobe section is 66.7 m3/s or 2.1 km3/ year.

Design as a Feature of Biomedical Engineering Education—Satisfying ABET and Preparing Students to Address Clinical Needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele J. Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Engineering Program ◽  
Current State ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biomedical Engineering Education

Abstract Design is an important aspect of biomedical engineering education. It prepares students to work as part of a team to develop systems that address medical and health-related needs—and it is required to be part of an accredited undergraduate engineering program. This work looks at the history of design requirements in the U.S. and the current state of biomedical engineering curricula with respect to design. As a growing number of programs have expanded their design program beyond the capstone project, some examples of innovative programs are described. There is no single way to address design education within an undergraduate biomedical engineering program. However, intentional development of this component of the curriculum can enhance the impact on student learning and outcomes.

The Edinburgh History of the British and Irish Press, Volume 3

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Print Communication ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

This volume presents a research-led, interdisciplinary examination of existing scholarship as well as new research on twentieth-century newspaper and periodical history across Britain and Ireland during a key period of change and development into the twenty-first century. It covers an important period of expansion (1900-2017) in periodical and press history across the four nations of Britain (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales) and Ireland, concentrating on how the development of twentieth-century print communication can be assessed via cross-border comparisons and contrasts. Its thirty-three chapters are interspersed with case studies specific to the themes covered, allowing synchronic and diachronic coverage via macro as well as micro studies. It is designed to provide readers with a clear survey of the current state of research in the field, drawing on contemporary methodologies, demonstrating the interdisciplinary nature of the field and offering an indication of areas ripe for further work. The impact on the field of digital media and archives will fully inform discussions of the print archive where relevant. While the volume meets a need amongst scholars of British and Irish culture, it will also be of tremendous value to those working in other national traditions, offering insight into press trade connections into European and trans-oceanic counterparts, highlighting matters related to national and trans-national identities, migration, skills and knowledge exchange and the place of such texts in a globalised marketplace.

scholarly journals Human Atrial Cell Models to Analyse Haemodialysis-Related Effects on Cardiac Electrophysiology: Work in Progress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Passini ◽  
Simonetta Genovesi ◽  
Stefano Severi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plasma Electrolyte ◽  
Current State ◽  
Atrial Electrophysiology ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Atrial Cell ◽  
Extracellular Environment

During haemodialysis (HD) sessions, patients undergo alterations in the extracellular environment, mostly concerning plasma electrolyte concentrations, pH, and volume, together with a modification of sympathovagal balance. All these changes affect cardiac electrophysiology, possibly leading to an increased arrhythmic risk. Computational modeling may help to investigate the impact of HD-related changes on atrial electrophysiology. However, many different human atrial action potential (AP) models are currently available, all validated only with the standard electrolyte concentrations used in experiments. Therefore, they may respond in different ways to the same environmental changes. After an overview on how the computational approach has been used in the past to investigate the effect of HD therapy on cardiac electrophysiology, the aim of this work has been to assess the current state of the art in human atrial AP models, with respect to the HD context. All the published human atrial AP models have been considered and tested for electrolytes, volume changes, and different acetylcholine concentrations. Most of them proved to be reliable for single modifications, but all of them showed some drawbacks. Therefore, there is room for a new human atrial AP model, hopefully able to physiologically reproduce all the HD-related effects. At the moment, work is still in progress in this specific field.

scholarly journals Out of Himalaya: the impact of past Asian environmental changes on the evolutionary and biogeographical history of Dipodoidea (Rodentia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Pisano ◽  
Fabien L. Condamine ◽  
Vladimir Lebedev ◽  
Anna Bannikova ◽  
Jean-Pierre Quéré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The current state of the golden jackal population in the Lower Dnister National Nature Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (21) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Mykola Rozhenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Golden Jackal ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

With the advent of the golden jackal in the Lower Dnister, certain changes have taken place in natural complexes, which are primarily related to the impact of the new species on the local fauna. Under such conditions, the number of jackals in certain areas, the spatial structure and location of separate packs are important information for the development of measures aimed at maintaining an optimal abundance of this species. Given the active impact of wildlife on natural systems, there are a number of both biological and purely social problems that need to be addressed. The effectiveness of solving such problems directly depends on the level of study of various aspects of biology and ecology of jackals. In addition, knowledge of the current state of the Dnister jackal population allows timely and effective response to new environmental challenges, which are associated with an increase in the abundance of new species and in its impact on the native mammal fauna. The results of the research indicate a certain competition of the jackal with other species of predatory mammals, in particular the fox and the raccoon dog. Thus, within the territories where the study was carried out, with the appearance of the jackal at the lower course of the Dnister, the red fox was not observed at all and the number of raccoon dogs decreased significantly. Habitats of separate jackal groups within the Lower Dnister National Nature Park have been identified and their total abundance has been established. The dynamics of settlement by the species of the Lower Dnister area is analysed, the conservatism of the species in relation to the residential areas is indicated. It has been established that in some parts of the park, in particular on the northern bank of the Dnister Estuary, the density of animals is about 12 individuals per 1000 hectares, which significantly exceeds the permissible sanitary and epidemiological standards. At the same time, in some parts of the floodplains of the Lower Dnister, density exceeds 0.5 individuals per 1000 ha, which indicates a complex spatial distribution of separate packs and groups of jackals. Mapping of the number of jackals in the park showed that groups far from the estuary are smaller in number (6–14 individuals), whereas groups near the estuary are more abundant (13–20 individuals).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document