scholarly journals Human Atrial Cell Models to Analyse Haemodialysis-Related Effects on Cardiac Electrophysiology: Work in Progress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Passini ◽  
Simonetta Genovesi ◽  
Stefano Severi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plasma Electrolyte ◽  
Current State ◽  
Atrial Electrophysiology ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Atrial Cell ◽  
Extracellular Environment

During haemodialysis (HD) sessions, patients undergo alterations in the extracellular environment, mostly concerning plasma electrolyte concentrations, pH, and volume, together with a modification of sympathovagal balance. All these changes affect cardiac electrophysiology, possibly leading to an increased arrhythmic risk. Computational modeling may help to investigate the impact of HD-related changes on atrial electrophysiology. However, many different human atrial action potential (AP) models are currently available, all validated only with the standard electrolyte concentrations used in experiments. Therefore, they may respond in different ways to the same environmental changes. After an overview on how the computational approach has been used in the past to investigate the effect of HD therapy on cardiac electrophysiology, the aim of this work has been to assess the current state of the art in human atrial AP models, with respect to the HD context. All the published human atrial AP models have been considered and tested for electrolytes, volume changes, and different acetylcholine concentrations. Most of them proved to be reliable for single modifications, but all of them showed some drawbacks. Therefore, there is room for a new human atrial AP model, hopefully able to physiologically reproduce all the HD-related effects. At the moment, work is still in progress in this specific field.

Past and Present Farming: Changes in Terms of Engagement

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Armstrong Oma
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

In archaeology, changes in human–animal relationships are rarely considered beyond the moment of domestication. This is influenced by Ingold’s idea that domestication led to a shift in the human engagement with animals (Ingold 2000: 61–76; see Armstrong Oma 2007: 62–4, 2010 for critique). I do not question the validity of such a claim; however, I argue that changes in terms of engagement also happened beyond domestication, and that various configurations of human–animal relationships have existed throughout history. Further, I argue that such changes also have consequences for the environment, by choice of land use strategies and husbandry regimes. A twofold purpose is pursued: first, to investigate how changes in social systems, in my case changes in terms of engagement between humans and animals, affect land use in such a way as to impinge upon natural systems and ecosystems. Second, I wish to grasp the political underpinnings of the models that are employed by archaeologists and, by doing so, to deconstruct the political use of the past (see also Stump, Chapter 10 this volume). Alternative models regarding economic strategies are sought, and the implications of these are discussed. Human–environment studies frequently deal with the impact of human intrusive land use strategies on ecosystems. Awareness has been created around these processes regarding land use techniques and practices (for example Denham and White 2007; Mazoyer and Roudart 2006). However, in European archaeology the impact of husbandry practices upon ecosystems has received considerably less, if any, attention. People in past societies from the Neolithic onwards made the conscious decision to live with animals as herders or as farmers, blending together social and economic choices that had repercussions for landscape developments and ecosystems. Investigations into the relationship between environmental changes caused by husbandry practices and the social systems that instigated those changes are an important contribution to research on past environmental development. These changes are identifiable in the archaeological record.

Does crime affect entrepreneurship? A discussion of the current literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Matti ◽  
Amanda Ross
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Location Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose There are countless factors that affect where an entrepreneur chooses to open a business that have been studied in the literature, including local socio-economic conditions, government policy, and agglomeration economies. One important aspect to the location decision that has not received as much attention from researchers thus far is the impact of crime on entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current literature on this topic, with a particular emphasis on the empirical issues present that have likely caused the research in this area to be scarce. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct an analysis of the current state of the literature examining the relationship between crime and entrepreneurship. Looking at what has been done in the past, as well as improvements in the data, the authors discuss what has been done and what can be done in the future. Findings The authors discuss areas related to entrepreneurship and crime that the authors see as an emerging literature, based largely on the improvements in data and identification strategies that allow the authors to answer questions that the authors previously could not. Originality/value This paper is a review of the current literature, which also discusses areas that future researchers should consider and analyze further.

scholarly journals Outline of the development of research on the impact of Neolithic settlements on the transformation on loess landscapes in southern Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Ryzner ◽  
Piotr Owczarek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Landscape Transformations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDuring the last few decades, many case studies have focused on landscape transformations in response to water erosion, human impact, and climate changes. This article presents a review and comparison of the current state of knowledge on conducted research on the impact of the activities of early humans on the relief and forms of loess areas in Poland based on the results of a variety of dating methods (OSL, TL, C14, 137Cs, palynology, dendrochronology etc.). The influence of land-use activity since the first permanent settlements (8,000–5,200 BP) played a major role in the development of certain sand sediment terrain forms: gullies, river terraces, the filling of isolated depressions and alluvial fans in the loess areas. As a result, a simplified scheme of landscape evolution was created along with a map of the most investigated areas by authors. The main problem was to differentiate the influence of anthropogenic factors from natural ones occurring either simultaneously or alternatively. The developed deposits form a geo-archive which has recorded the history of environmental changes. A detailed analysis of the sedimentary structures provides the possibility to reconstruct and understand past functional responses in natural systems. It is important to consider the impact of climate change and human influence over the course of history on a specific geomorphological system. This can help to predict future land changes and likely hazards.

scholarly journals The Impact of Personal Thoracic Impedance on Electrical Cardioversion in Patients with Atrial Arrhythmias

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Seung-Young Roh ◽  
Jinhee Ahn ◽  
Kwang-No Lee ◽  
Yong-Soo Baek ◽  
Dong-Hyeok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Current ◽  
Atrial Arrhythmias ◽  
Thoracic Impedance ◽  
Atrial Tachyarrhythmias ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
Direct Current Cardioversion ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Background and Objectives—Direct current cardioversion (DCCV) is a safe and useful treatment for atrial tachyarrhythmias. In the past, the energy delivered in DCCV was decided upon empirically, based only on the type of tachyarrhythmia. This conventional method does not consider individual factors and may lead to unnecessary electrical damage. Materials and Methods—We performed DCCV in patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias. The impedance and electrical current at the moment of shock were measured. The human thoracic impedance between both defibrillator patches and the electric current that was used were measured. Results—A total of 683 DCCVs were performed on 466 atrial tachyarrhythmia patients. The average impedance was 64 ± 11 Ω and the average successful current was 23 ± 6 mA. The magnitude of the electrical current that was successful depended upon the human impedance (linear regression, B = −0.266, p < 0.001) and the left atrial diameter (B = 0.092, p < 0.001). Impedance was directly proportional to body mass index (BMI) (B = 1.598, p < 0.001) and was higher in females than in males (77 ± 15 Ω vs. 63 ± 11 Ω, p < 0.001). Notably, the high-impedance (>70 Ω) group had a higher BMI (27 ± 4 kg/m2 vs. 25 ± 3 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and a higher proportion of females (37% vs. 9%, p < 0.001) than the low-impedance group (<70 Ω). However, thoracic impedance was not an independent predictor for successful DCCV. Conclusions—Human thoracic impedance was one of the factors that impacted the level of electrical current required for successful DCCV in patients with atrial arrhythmias. In the future, it will be helpful to consider individual predictors, such as BMI and gender, to minimize electrical damage during DCCV.

scholarly journals Modern Problems and Prospects for the Development of the Insurance Market in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Elena Gushchina ◽  
Valeria Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The role of insurance in a person’s life is undoubtedly great because it serves as the most effective tool in case of loss of property, health problems, business protection, etc. The purpose of the article is to assess the current state of the insurance market in Russia and identify problems that arise during its functioning. The research methodology consists in summarizing and comparing data characterizing various components of the insurance market. The article analyzes the current state of the insurance market in Russia with a falling number of insurers by more than 20 % over the past 3 years, the share of top insurers continues to grow every year, over the past 3 years the growth has amounted to 12 %. Calculations that indicate a change in the level of concentration in the insurance market of the Russian Federation have been made. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that there is monopolistic competition in the market. The main factors influencing the level of competition in the market under consideration, namely, barriers to entry into the industry and their impact, were studied Due to the relevance of the research, the analysis of the impact the pandemic has on the Russian insurance market was carried out and the prospects for the development of the market were considered. Identifying the weaknesses of insurers made it possible to determine the priority areas for further development: intensive digital transformation of business, marketing, advertising.

scholarly journals Assessment of Oil Spillage Impact on Vegetation in South-Western Niger Delta, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Umar Wakil Adamu ◽  
Emmanuel Yeboah ◽  
Isaac Sarfo ◽  
Edward Kweku Nunoo ◽  
Clement Kwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Geospatial Techniques ◽  
Dense Vegetation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
The Impact

The present study assesses the impact of oil spillage in the Southwestern Niger Delta of Nigeria over the past fifty (50) years. It further sought to find out the driving forces and implications of oil spillage on vegetation, livelihoods and other key parameters. The study employed geospatial techniques and a secondary source of data to achieve the objectives set out in this study. The Global Moran I statistical tool was used to determine the spatial autocorrelation based on feature locations and attribute values. We observed built-up areas, bare land, and less dense vegetation had an overall increment of 1975.98 km2, 1370 km2 and 23805 km2, respectively. Dense vegetation had declension of 22058.33 km2 over the past five decades. Findings depict a declining trend in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, attributed to oil spillage as the key contributory factor. Occasioned by anthropogenic activities, the driving forces were traced to attacks on oil pipelines during conflicts and illegal means of creating leakages to siphon crude oil for sale. To achieve sustainability in oil spill management in the Delta, the study recommends further research to ascertain the cost of losses incurred apply geospatial techniques to monitor and predict environmental changes that inform decisions of key actors.

The Ancient Civilizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Central American ◽  
European Contact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recurrent Theme

This chapter provides an interpretive synthesis of the current state of knowledge of the pre-Columbian civilizations of Central America from the time of earliest human habitation until European contact. In terms of cultural affinities, the northern portion of the area formed the southeastern periphery of the culture area of Mesoamerica, and the southern regions pertained to the Isthmo-Colombian area (or Intermediate Area). With its relatively high population density, the area is highly susceptible to volcanic, seismic, and climatic natural disasters such as droughts, tropical storms, flooding, and landslides, and the same was true in the past. A recurrent theme in the study of ancient Central American civilizations is the impact of natural disasters and societal responses to cataclysmic events.

scholarly journals La responsabilidad social corporativa y los eventos deportivos. Una revisión sistemática de la producción científica

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ingrid Fonseca ◽  
Jayson Bernate ◽  
Diego Tuay
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Current State ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Los Grupos

The impact of sporting events is related to social, economic, environmental and political aspects that affect the development of communities through social integration. The aim of the study was to examine the current state of research on sporting events and corporate social responsibility. The research design is a systematic review of the scientific literature (SLR) of 268 documents in the Scopus, SportDiscus, Proquest and Dialnet databases. After the filtering process, 26 articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria. According to this review, it is concluded that in sporting events it is necessary to have the interest groups from the moment of planning the event, generate initiatives to avoid environmental damage in the construction of stages, seek economic sustainability, and give conscious use to the sports infrastructure built and leave a long-term positive legacy. El impacto de los eventos deportivos está relacionado con aspectos sociales, económicos, ambientales y políticos que inciden en el desarrollo de las comunidades por medio de la integración social. El objetivo del estudio fue examinar el estado actual de las investigaciones sobre los eventos deportivos y la responsabilidad social corporativa. El diseño de investigación es una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica (SLR) de 268 documentos en las bases de datos Scopus, SportDiscus, Proquest y Dialnet, posterior al proceso de filtrado se seleccionaron 26 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La principal conclusión de este estudio es que en los eventos deportivos se debe contar con los grupos de interés desde el momento de planificación del evento, generar iniciativas para evitar daños ambientales en la construcción de escenarios, buscar sostenibilidad económica, dar uso consiente a la infraestructura deportiva construida y dejar un legado positivo a largo plazo.

scholarly journals Enteroviral infections in the Republic of Belarus

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
T. V Amvroseva ◽  
N. V Poklonskaya ◽  
V. L Zueva ◽  
Z. F Bogush ◽  
K. L Dedyulya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

In the article there has been analyzed the current state of the problem of non-polio enteroviral infections (EVIs) in humans in the Republic of Belarus. There are reported clinical and epidemiological features of the development of the epidemic process, there is presented the dynamics of morbidity rate in the past decade, there is described the structure for the recorded in recent years EVIs in the context ofadministrative territories, clinicalforms, age groups, the impact of seasonal factors. The particular attention is given to the characteristic of disease outbreak with a description of its dominant pathogens. There are recommended the best ways of improving the surveillance of this group of infections.

scholarly journals Topical issues of legal regulation of labor relations in the educational sector in the context of the pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 18100
Author(s):  
Tatyana Moskaleva
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
World Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Phenomenon ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to identify the dependence of the impact of the pandemic on changes in the regulation of labor relations in the educational sector. At present, serious changes have taken place not only in our country, but also in the world community as a whole. This is primarily due to the spread of the coronavirus pandemic, which has affected all areas of society. The educational process is no exception. The coronavirus pandemic has triggered a transformation of the educational process, at all levels. In the past year, this term has become one of the most widely used terms to describe the current state of the world that affects areas of society. The consequences of the pandemic are felt everywhere, it is a real phenomenon. Today, we can talk about the impact of the pandemic on economic, political, cultural, and international relations, which extends beyond any traditional borders. Changes in these areas are common to all States. Understanding the nature and direction of this phenomenon can help to form new principles of interaction between individual segments of society, as well as between community and the state.

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