scholarly journals Agriculture Loans in Cooperative Banks of the Podlaskie Voivodeship

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-489
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Łukaszuk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Cooperative Banks ◽  
Commercial Loans ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
The Eu

SummarySubject and purpose of work: Running an agricultural activity requires acquiring funds necessary for its functioning and proper development. The most classic examples of financing agricultural activity include all kinds of bank loans used by farmers for the purchase of agricultural land, construction and modernization of buildings, the purchase of machinery and equipment, as well as the establishment of perennial plantations or the purchase of a herd. The aim of the study is to present the possibilities of financing agricultural activity by cooperative banks in the Podlaskie Voivodeship.Materials and methods: The study used the method of observation and analysis of banking materials. The source of information was the data of cooperative banks, the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture and the Central Statistical Office.Results: Over the centuries, cooperative banks have developed techniques, methods and practices in the field of agricultural lending. They have somehow specialized in this area and offer farmers a full range of commercial loans. They have also actively participated in the redistribution of funds under the implementation of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. for many years. Currently operating farms have access to many forms of financing (the most developed and available in banks, however, are loans) depending on their financial needs or planned investments.Conclusions: Among many forms of foreign capital in agriculture, it is preferential loans that play a significant role as a stimulus to improve farm activities. Granting loans by cooperative banks is one of the basic tasks in their operations. Bank loans play an important role in changes taking place in agriculture. They generally do not violate the principles of market economy and financing rules, provided that the financial and credit policy takes into account the needs and limitations resulting from the current and forecast economic situation of farms.

scholarly journals Źródła finansowania produkcji i inwestycji w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolnych w Polsce

2016 ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Aldona Zawojska ◽  
Beata Horbowiec ◽  
Aneta Kalisiak
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
The Eu

This paper aims to present the sources of financing of farm production and investments as well as capital structure in individual farms in Poland over the 2004-2015 period. An overview of literature indicates a spectrum of financing sources for agricultural holdings. An analysis of existing empirical studies (conducted by other authors and the Central Statistical Office of Poland – GUS) shows that the main and universal source of financing of both production and investment by Polish farms were their own resources. The EU funds, including agricultural direct payments, as well as state-subsidized bank loans were perceived by farmers as the most favourable instruments of external financing.

scholarly journals BREXIT IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRI-FOOD TRADE BETWEEN POLAND AND THE UK

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (4) ◽  
pp. 589-599
Author(s):  
Aldona Zawojska
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

The article is a contribution to the discussion on the anticipated consequences of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union for Poland’s trade relations with this country, with particular emphasis on the likely impacts of a hard or no-deal Brexit on Polish exporters. Its aim is to provide readers with an understanding of how agri-food flows between Poland and the UK (especially Poland’s exports) could be affected once the UK departs the EU. The question is important considering that, in recent years, the UK has been the second biggest importer and a net importer of agricultural and food products from Poland. The study is based on trade data from the UN Comtrade Database and Poland’s Central Statistical Office, and on tariff data from the UK’s Department for International Trade. Taking into account the possible imposition of customs duties announced thus far by the British government on the import of agri-food products from third countries in the event of a no-trade agreement with the EU, the introduction of additional non-tariff barriers, as well as increased transactional (friction) costs and complexity of doing business with foreign partners, a hard Brexit would have serious implications for Poland’s fast growing agri-food exports to the UK. It would even lead to a collapse of some Polish supplies, particularly of meat and dairy commodities, to Great Britain. The loss of two-way preferences in trade now arising from participation in the EU single market will undermine the competitiveness of Polish producers on UK’s market both against British producers and lower cost exporters from outside the EU.

scholarly journals Urbanization Chaos of Suburban Small Cities in Poland: ‘Tetris Development’

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Anna Majewska ◽  
Małgorzata Denis ◽  
Wioleta Krupowicz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
City Center ◽  
Spatial Order ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Spatial Chaos ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Eu

This paper investigates the phenomenon of spatial chaos in Poland resulting from urban sprawl. The phenomenon is particularly visible in the case of suburban small cities which, in contrast to cities in the EU-15 countries with similar populations, are expanding excessively, causing a growth of urbanized areas exceeding several times the growth of their population. Suburbs of these cities increasingly resemble a badly played Tetris game. The selected study area consists of several cities in the Warsaw suburban zone where an increased dynamic of these processes can be observed. The paper presents detailed studies concerning the selected representative small cities. The morphology of urban tissue was studied as a marker of spatial order including: development intensity, street grid, plots parameters, presence of technical infrastructure, and distance from the functional city center. The analyses were performed based on cartographic archives, the data of the Central Statistical Office of Poland, topographic database and Kernel Density Estimation. ArcGIS ESRI and AutoCad software was used to present the study results. The conducted studies intend to diagnose the changes in the spatial layout in the context of the objectives of spatial order and sustainable development, and to define the indicators which should be taken into account in spatial planning documents drawn up for the studied areas.

scholarly journals REGIONAL DIVERSIFICATION OF INVESTMENT OUTLAYS AND LABOUR PROFITABILITY IN AGRICULTURE IN POLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (4) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kusz ◽  
Stanisław Zając ◽  
Ryszard Dziekan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Regional Diversification

The main purpose of the study was to assess changes in labour profitability against changes in the level of investment outlays in Poland in a regional approach. Empirical material consists of statistical data from the Central Statistical Office for the years 2000-2017. The following diagnostic variables were used for the analysis: (1) characterizing the profitability of the labour factor – gross value added in agriculture per one agricultural employee; (2) characterizing the investment activity of farmers – the value of investment outlays in agriculture per one employee in agriculture, the value of investment outlays in agriculture per 1 ha of agricultural land, the value of investment outlays in agriculture in relation to the value of gross fixed assets in agriculture, the value of investment outlays in agriculture in relation to gross value added in agriculture. On the basis of a set of diagnostic features describing the investment activity of farmers, a classification of voivodships was carried out using cluster analysis using Ward’s method, and a statistical evaluation of the relationship between the investment activity of farmers and the profitability of labour was performed. There has been a significant diversification of farmers’ investment activity and labour profitability in terms of regions. It was found that the level of investment outlays is a crucial factor in the process of improving the efficiency of the use of the labour factor. A level of investments that is loo low does not allow for favourable structural changes and for modernization and restructuring of agriculture to take place.

scholarly journals Liquid bio-fuels in Hungary: effects and contradictions

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Attila Bai
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Total Utilization ◽  
Breaking Points ◽  
The Eu

The increase of living standard requires ever more energy, despite energy saving measures. Domestic growth was 100 PJ between 2000 and 2006, and 77% of the total utilization was importe (Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2008).Sustainability was endangered not only in our energy and commerce policy. Our domestic natural conditions are suitable for plant production; however, the stagnation of the domestic population and decreasing livestock numbers restrict in land marketing. Therefore, significant surpluses from year to year had to be stored and sold abroad, and the fact that the interventional purchase of corn and the expected stringent new EU regulation of the sugar beet sector, make the strategic significance of these branches uncertain. The difficult marketing opportunities make the better utilization of our opportunities in producing liquid bio-fuels possible from marketing aspects, while environmental issues and realizing the EU directions enforce to do so in a longer term. Over the short term, agricultural and competitive aspects will determine its spread, which cause different effects in Europe in comparison with the developing countries. According to Nábrádi-Ficzeréné Nagymihály, 2008, one of the breaking points of Hungarian agriculture lies in the utilization of alternative energy sources. During the past period, many contradictory opinions came forward relating to economies, agricultural effects, food risks as well as the energetic and environmental efficiency of bio-fuels. One thing is certain: these fuels are already used today and their significance has been increasing. Although due to technological development, spread of new products and processes (cellulose-based bioethanol, bioethanol, biogas, hydrogen, biomethane) will obviously have to be expected in the future, at present biodiesel and bioethanol are determent among bio-fuels, thus I deal with these as well as their energetic and agricultural effects in my study.

scholarly journals Optimisation of structural parameters of the industry by the criterion of product innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Luybomyr Sozanskyy ◽  
Ryszard Pukała
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Linear Programming Method ◽  
Industry Performance ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The industrial sector of the Polish economy plays an important role in ensuring the socio-economic development of the country. The Polish industry accounts for 24.1 % of the country’s employed population and 25.1 % of the GVA. The article aims to model the structural parameters of the Polish industrial sector according to the criterion of increasing product innovation level based on a comprehensive assessment of the Polish industry performance in the regional context. The offered method focuses on estimating the industrial sector at the macro and meso levels using a set of indicators for investment, innovation, labour activity, and profitability. Correlation-regression analysis methods were used to prove hypotheses about the impact of product innovation on employment and wages in the industry. To optimise the structure of the Polish industrial sector, an economic-mathematical model was developed, which was solved using the linear programming method. The target functionality of this model is the level of product innovation, at which the gross average monthly wage of Polish industry workers will double (to the EU average). The simulation results, which was based on data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland, provide an analytical basis for selecting industrial policy benchmarks for Poland.

CHANGES IN LAND USE IN POLAND – COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERIOD 2002–2010

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna KUROWSKA ◽  
Roman RUDNICKI
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Agriculture Land ◽  
Land Use Structure ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Land is the most important means of production in agriculture. Valuation of agricultural land resources takes into account the acreage and land quality. Changes in the land use structure are stimulated by many factors. It ought to be remembered that the farmland also provide space for purposes other than agriculture or forestry. The paper presents those changes in the land use structure in Poland which took place in the period of 2002–2010. On the basis of the data by the Central Statistical Office [GUS] and its Agricultural Censuses of 2002 and 2010 the authors propose an agricultural holding territorial importance indicator, land location indicator, change indicator for agricultural land turned into non-agricultural land and analyse the total area of agricultural holdings. The major determinants (internal and external factors) of those changes are also described. The aim of the study is to analyse the changes taking place in the Polish agriculture. They were taken into account natural, ecological and urban determinants as well as to the Common Agricultural Policy. The analyses were conducted at the level of voivodships and poviats and were contained agriculture land and non-agriculture land. The area of agricultural land is decreasing as it is being dedicated for other – non-agricultural – purposes, especially for housing purposes.

THE CHALLENGES FOR THE BIOFUELS SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU CLIMATE AND ENERGY POLICY

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Gradziuk ◽  
Błażej Jendrzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate And Energy Policy ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this study was to assessment of the impact of EU climate and energy policy changes on the biofuels sector. The research was carried out on the basis of the reports of the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Energy Regulatory Office, the Central Statistical Office of Poland, the EU Commission, the International Renewable Energy Agency and the International Energy Agency. Tabular and descriptive methods were used. Analyzes covered the years 2007-2015 with perspective until 2030. The analyzes show that realization of assumed obligations in relation to the minimum share of renewable energy used by transportation according to the directive 2009/28/WE of 23 February 2017 may be difficult to be achieve within the proposed deadlines. Currently existing advanced biofuel installations are mainly small prototype devices. Commercialization of those installations would pose a number of threats which could make impossible to reach the assumed production capacity.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF SOIL UTILIZATION IN POLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (5) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Stanisław Krasowicz ◽  
Mariusz Matyka
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Different Levels

The study presents socio-economic aspects of soil utilization in Poland. It was indicated that the rational use of agricultural land is one of the priorities for Poland’s development. It is also a challenge for science and advisory, serving business practice. The basic sources of information were statistical data of the Central Statistical Office (GUS) from the years 2000-2015. Changes in the use of agricultural land in voivodships, taking into account their specificity, were also considered. It was found that rational use of Polish soils requires support from science and cooperation with regional and local government authorities at different levels of management.

scholarly journals INNOVATION ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN POLAND IN THE LIGHT OF PUBLIC STATISTICS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Maria Grzelak ◽  
Nertila Cika ◽  
Elżbieta Roszko-Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Community Innovation Survey ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

Intensive promotion of innovative activities, especially in companies, has forced the creation of international monitoring systems. In Poland, the Central Statistical Office [GUS] and the Statistical Office [US] in Szczecin are currently investigating statistical innovations. The article attempts to evaluate the innovative activity of industrial enterprises in Poland in 2005–2015. Attempts were made to answer the following questions: have the innovative activity of industrial enterprises increased in the period of Poland’s full membership in the EU structures, what are the effects of this activity, or are there visible trends in growth? The results of the research on the innovative activity of industrial enterprises in Poland, implemented in accordance with the Oslo methodology under the Community Innovation Survey (CIS), were used to achieve this objective. The level of enterprise innovation in Poland is lower than in most EU countries. Improving the performance of innovation requires, on the one hand, greater involvement of enterprises and, on the other hand, public sector support, which plays a key role in creating the right knowledge and skills.

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