scholarly journals Urbanization Chaos of Suburban Small Cities in Poland: ‘Tetris Development’

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Anna Majewska ◽  
Małgorzata Denis ◽  
Wioleta Krupowicz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
City Center ◽  
Spatial Order ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Spatial Chaos ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Eu

This paper investigates the phenomenon of spatial chaos in Poland resulting from urban sprawl. The phenomenon is particularly visible in the case of suburban small cities which, in contrast to cities in the EU-15 countries with similar populations, are expanding excessively, causing a growth of urbanized areas exceeding several times the growth of their population. Suburbs of these cities increasingly resemble a badly played Tetris game. The selected study area consists of several cities in the Warsaw suburban zone where an increased dynamic of these processes can be observed. The paper presents detailed studies concerning the selected representative small cities. The morphology of urban tissue was studied as a marker of spatial order including: development intensity, street grid, plots parameters, presence of technical infrastructure, and distance from the functional city center. The analyses were performed based on cartographic archives, the data of the Central Statistical Office of Poland, topographic database and Kernel Density Estimation. ArcGIS ESRI and AutoCad software was used to present the study results. The conducted studies intend to diagnose the changes in the spatial layout in the context of the objectives of spatial order and sustainable development, and to define the indicators which should be taken into account in spatial planning documents drawn up for the studied areas.

scholarly journals BREXIT IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRI-FOOD TRADE BETWEEN POLAND AND THE UK

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (4) ◽  
pp. 589-599
Author(s):  
Aldona Zawojska
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

The article is a contribution to the discussion on the anticipated consequences of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union for Poland’s trade relations with this country, with particular emphasis on the likely impacts of a hard or no-deal Brexit on Polish exporters. Its aim is to provide readers with an understanding of how agri-food flows between Poland and the UK (especially Poland’s exports) could be affected once the UK departs the EU. The question is important considering that, in recent years, the UK has been the second biggest importer and a net importer of agricultural and food products from Poland. The study is based on trade data from the UN Comtrade Database and Poland’s Central Statistical Office, and on tariff data from the UK’s Department for International Trade. Taking into account the possible imposition of customs duties announced thus far by the British government on the import of agri-food products from third countries in the event of a no-trade agreement with the EU, the introduction of additional non-tariff barriers, as well as increased transactional (friction) costs and complexity of doing business with foreign partners, a hard Brexit would have serious implications for Poland’s fast growing agri-food exports to the UK. It would even lead to a collapse of some Polish supplies, particularly of meat and dairy commodities, to Great Britain. The loss of two-way preferences in trade now arising from participation in the EU single market will undermine the competitiveness of Polish producers on UK’s market both against British producers and lower cost exporters from outside the EU.

scholarly journals Źródła finansowania produkcji i inwestycji w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolnych w Polsce

2016 ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Aldona Zawojska ◽  
Beata Horbowiec ◽  
Aneta Kalisiak
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
The Eu

This paper aims to present the sources of financing of farm production and investments as well as capital structure in individual farms in Poland over the 2004-2015 period. An overview of literature indicates a spectrum of financing sources for agricultural holdings. An analysis of existing empirical studies (conducted by other authors and the Central Statistical Office of Poland – GUS) shows that the main and universal source of financing of both production and investment by Polish farms were their own resources. The EU funds, including agricultural direct payments, as well as state-subsidized bank loans were perceived by farmers as the most favourable instruments of external financing.

scholarly journals Liquid bio-fuels in Hungary: effects and contradictions

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Attila Bai
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Total Utilization ◽  
Breaking Points ◽  
The Eu

The increase of living standard requires ever more energy, despite energy saving measures. Domestic growth was 100 PJ between 2000 and 2006, and 77% of the total utilization was importe (Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2008).Sustainability was endangered not only in our energy and commerce policy. Our domestic natural conditions are suitable for plant production; however, the stagnation of the domestic population and decreasing livestock numbers restrict in land marketing. Therefore, significant surpluses from year to year had to be stored and sold abroad, and the fact that the interventional purchase of corn and the expected stringent new EU regulation of the sugar beet sector, make the strategic significance of these branches uncertain. The difficult marketing opportunities make the better utilization of our opportunities in producing liquid bio-fuels possible from marketing aspects, while environmental issues and realizing the EU directions enforce to do so in a longer term. Over the short term, agricultural and competitive aspects will determine its spread, which cause different effects in Europe in comparison with the developing countries. According to Nábrádi-Ficzeréné Nagymihály, 2008, one of the breaking points of Hungarian agriculture lies in the utilization of alternative energy sources. During the past period, many contradictory opinions came forward relating to economies, agricultural effects, food risks as well as the energetic and environmental efficiency of bio-fuels. One thing is certain: these fuels are already used today and their significance has been increasing. Although due to technological development, spread of new products and processes (cellulose-based bioethanol, bioethanol, biogas, hydrogen, biomethane) will obviously have to be expected in the future, at present biodiesel and bioethanol are determent among bio-fuels, thus I deal with these as well as their energetic and agricultural effects in my study.

scholarly journals Optimisation of structural parameters of the industry by the criterion of product innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Luybomyr Sozanskyy ◽  
Ryszard Pukała
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Linear Programming Method ◽  
Industry Performance ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The industrial sector of the Polish economy plays an important role in ensuring the socio-economic development of the country. The Polish industry accounts for 24.1 % of the country’s employed population and 25.1 % of the GVA. The article aims to model the structural parameters of the Polish industrial sector according to the criterion of increasing product innovation level based on a comprehensive assessment of the Polish industry performance in the regional context. The offered method focuses on estimating the industrial sector at the macro and meso levels using a set of indicators for investment, innovation, labour activity, and profitability. Correlation-regression analysis methods were used to prove hypotheses about the impact of product innovation on employment and wages in the industry. To optimise the structure of the Polish industrial sector, an economic-mathematical model was developed, which was solved using the linear programming method. The target functionality of this model is the level of product innovation, at which the gross average monthly wage of Polish industry workers will double (to the EU average). The simulation results, which was based on data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland, provide an analytical basis for selecting industrial policy benchmarks for Poland.

THE CHALLENGES FOR THE BIOFUELS SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU CLIMATE AND ENERGY POLICY

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Gradziuk ◽  
Błażej Jendrzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate And Energy Policy ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this study was to assessment of the impact of EU climate and energy policy changes on the biofuels sector. The research was carried out on the basis of the reports of the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Energy Regulatory Office, the Central Statistical Office of Poland, the EU Commission, the International Renewable Energy Agency and the International Energy Agency. Tabular and descriptive methods were used. Analyzes covered the years 2007-2015 with perspective until 2030. The analyzes show that realization of assumed obligations in relation to the minimum share of renewable energy used by transportation according to the directive 2009/28/WE of 23 February 2017 may be difficult to be achieve within the proposed deadlines. Currently existing advanced biofuel installations are mainly small prototype devices. Commercialization of those installations would pose a number of threats which could make impossible to reach the assumed production capacity.

scholarly journals INNOVATION ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN POLAND IN THE LIGHT OF PUBLIC STATISTICS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Maria Grzelak ◽  
Nertila Cika ◽  
Elżbieta Roszko-Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Community Innovation Survey ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

Intensive promotion of innovative activities, especially in companies, has forced the creation of international monitoring systems. In Poland, the Central Statistical Office [GUS] and the Statistical Office [US] in Szczecin are currently investigating statistical innovations. The article attempts to evaluate the innovative activity of industrial enterprises in Poland in 2005–2015. Attempts were made to answer the following questions: have the innovative activity of industrial enterprises increased in the period of Poland’s full membership in the EU structures, what are the effects of this activity, or are there visible trends in growth? The results of the research on the innovative activity of industrial enterprises in Poland, implemented in accordance with the Oslo methodology under the Community Innovation Survey (CIS), were used to achieve this objective. The level of enterprise innovation in Poland is lower than in most EU countries. Improving the performance of innovation requires, on the one hand, greater involvement of enterprises and, on the other hand, public sector support, which plays a key role in creating the right knowledge and skills.

scholarly journals Zmiany w wielkości emisji gazów cieplarnianych i amoniaku do powietrza z działalności rolniczej w Polsce i UE – analizy z wykorzystaniem wskaźników zrównoważonego rozwoju

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (2) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosława Witkowska-Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

The research aim was to analyse changes in the volume of greenhouse gases and ammonia produced by agriculture in Poland, against the background of the European Union, using sustainable development indicators.. The study relied mainly on statistical data from the Polish Central Statistical Office and Eurostat. Agriculture was found to be the major source of ammonia emissions in the EU and Poland. Also, the role of agriculture in emission of greenhouse gases is significant. Fluctuations in the dynamics of GHG emissions were noted in the EU and in Poland. Over the analysed time, a small increase in the share of the emission of GHG, especially methane, from farming was observed.

scholarly journals Próba oceny rozwoju polskiej wsi pięć lat po przystąpieniu do Unii Europejskiej

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Anna Marciniuk-Kluska ◽  
Antoni Bombik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Eu

The objective of this article is familiarisation with the issues relating to agricultural development in Poland and its perspectives for the future. A trial to assess the development of the Polish agricultural areas has been made five years after the accession to the European Union. The analysis has been performed on the basis of the data from Economical Accounts for Agriculture (EAA), the Central Statistical Office (GUS), and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MRiRW). Chosen data on income and subsidies in the farm sector in Poland between 2003 and 2008 have been quoted. The analysis of the statistical data shows that farmers’ income after Poland’s accession to the EU has risen nearly twice but the financial situation of people living in the agricultural areas is still very diversified. Their income has increased thanks to the EU's direct subsidies. The integration between Poland and the European Union has created additional opportunities for growth in the food and agriculture sector. For five years of Polish membership in the EU the export of farm and food products has nearly tripled.

scholarly journals Structure of Demographic Types of Small Towns in Poland. Spatial and Temporal Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Wioletta Kamińska ◽  
Mirosław Mularczyk
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this paper is to determine changes in the structure of demographic types of small towns in Poland between 2004 and 2013. It is assumed in the paper, following the Central Statistical Office of Poland, that small towns are urban settlements having less than 20,000 inhabitants. The time period covered in this study is the time of Poland’s accession to the EU, which brought reduction of many barriers on the labour market and in migration movement. Demographic types of small towns were determined using Webb’s typology. Natural increase and migration indicators constitute its base. It was found that the share of towns of progressive character decreased and the share of those of regressive character increased in the analyzed period. A negative migration balance had the greatest effect on the number of inhabitants of the analyzed settlement units. The described demographic changes in small towns in Poland were connected with the second stage of demographic transition.

scholarly journals The Use of Municipal Bonds in Financing Regional Economic Development in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-264
Author(s):  
Sylwester Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
European Central Bank ◽  
Municipal Bonds ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
European Central ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Research Show ◽  
The Eu

SummarySubject and purpose of work: The article presents an analysis of the use of municipal bonds in financing the development activities of local governments in Poland.Materials and methods: The study uses data from the Ministry of Finance, the European Central Bank, the Central Statistical Office and the CATALYST platform.Results: The results of the research show that the level of using bonds by local governments in Poland is lower than the EU average. Poland’s accession to the EU and the inflow of structural funds significantly increased local governments’ interest in the implementation of bonds to fund investments, especially in 2008-2010.Conclusions: A significant part of funds from the issues of municipal bonds was allocated to regional development projects, mainly infrastructure. In 2008-2012 the value of newly issued municipal bonds increased, however, after that the number and value of new issues significantly decreased.

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