scholarly journals Innovative Development of the Agricultural Sector in the Visegrad Group Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Burdiuzha
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrad Group

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: Analysis of the innovative development trends of the agricultural sector in the Visegrad Group countries in 1995–2019. Investigation of the impact of innovation on value added to GDP by the sector and the patent activity. Materials and methods: Secondary data used in the current research were taken from Eurostat, World Bank and European Patent Office databases. They were analyzed by applying OLS models and Granger causality tests. Results: First, composition of R&D expenses in each Visegrad country was examined. Then its relationship to agricultural GDP and the number of the patents granted was tested by means of OLS models. Forecasting the relationship between variables examined was carried out by running Granger causality tests. Conclusions: There was a constant growth in agricultural innovation activity investment from 1995 to 2019. Nevertheless, the countries examined have not yet reached the EU’s objective concerning the R&D intensities. Innovation activity had a positive impact on the value added to GDP by agriculture and on the number of the patents granted.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF REGULARITY OF CHANGES IN INDICATORS OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY ON DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Svitlana Kushnir
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Consistent Assessment ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to investigate the current state and dynamics of technical, energy capacities, labor resources and wages in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises, the impact of these indicators on efficiency of agricultural production, indicators of development and competitiveness of products on the domestic and foreign markets. The moral and physical deterioration of the equipment available at the farms is determined, which does not contribute to the increase of labor productivity and to obtaining consistently high economic results. On the basis of the dynamics of the analyzed statistical data, the problem of providing agricultural producers with labor resources was confirmed against the background of deepening of depopulation processes in the countryside, which led to the deterioration of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human resources. Indicators of development and production rates of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine have been investigated, that showed a low level of innovation implementation. Mathematical formalization of the relationship between the dynamics of changes in the gross value added indicators and the volume of sales of agricultural products is carried out. Based on the analysis of innovative activity indicators in the agricultural sector of Ukraine and the consistent assessment of the adequacy of linear and nonlinear pair equations, the model specification is presented, which is presented in the form of linear pair regression, which confirms the existence of a direct link between changes in the volume of sales in the agrarian sector.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Analysis of Oil Revenue and the Performance of the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Lawrence, U. Egbadju ◽  
Victor, E. Oriavwote
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
International Market ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests

<p><em>The main objective of the research is to empirically investigate the relevance of oil revenue to agricultural development in Nigeria. This is important because despite the numerous efforts by successive governments to diversify the economy, the level of agricultural output still remains abysmally low. The fallen oil price in the international market also makes this research to be timely. The research covered the period between 1981 and 2014. The cointegration technique and the granger causality tests were used for the study. The result indicates that oil revenue is not statistically significant in explaining the level of economic growth. The result of the granger causality test indicates that oil revenue does not granger cause agricultural output. The result is symptomatic since it casts some doubts on the diversification policies of successive governments in Nigeria. The result recommends, amongst others concerted efforts to revamp the agricultural sector through judicious use of the dwindling oil revenue and foreign investors should be encouraged to go into the agricultural sector in Nigeria.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Determinants of Bank Lending in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-398
Author(s):  
Adeola Y. Oyebowale
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Bank Capital ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
The Impact

The willingness of commercial banks to provide loans is determined by various factors. In this regard, this paper provides empirical evidence on determinants of bank lending in Nigeria. The parsimonious model of this study investigates the impact of growth in loan-to-deposit ratio, growth in inflation, growth in broad money, and growth in bank capital on growth in bank lending using annual data from 1961 to 2016. This study adopts the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach and Granger causality tests to investigate the relationship and direction of causality among the variables, respectively. The Granger causality tests show that growth in broad money Granger-causes growth in bank lending, while there is no causality from other explanatory variables to bank lending in Nigeria. Also, this study shows that growth in bank lending Granger-causes growth in loan-to-deposit ratio and growth in inflation in Nigeria. Thus, this paper argues that commercial banks in Nigeria exhibit stern concern for their liquidity and capital adequacy positions while acting as financial intermediaries. Additionally, this paper argues that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) possesses “paper-based” independence.

DETERMINANTS OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оlena Smihunova ◽  
◽  
Оlena Dudnyk ◽  
Sofiia Minenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the modern realities of innovative development of agribusiness enterprises in Ukraine and substantiates the need for its further intensification and the need for thorough research. The theoretical basis of innovative activity of enterprises is considered with detailing on subjects of agrarian business and characteristic features of such activity for the specified subjects of managing that is caused by features of agriculture where the main factor of manufacture is the earth. The flowing factors and factors that caused technological and technical degradation against the background of weak investment attractiveness, reduction of innovation activity are determined. The rating of the most successful agricultural enterprises of Ukraine by the level of innovation implementation and costs for innovation activity is presented. The article presents a scheme of key determinants of the impact on innovation activity of enterprises in the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy. The authors give directions of innovative development of agro-industrial production of Ukraine with the separation of four groups of innovations: technical- technological, organizational-economic, social-managerial and informational with detailed examples of directions of innovations for each of the groups. The general algorithm of the process of risk management, which determines the current level of investment and innovation activity of agricultural enterprises, based on the systematization of the main stages of detection and evaluation. Activation of innovative activity of agricultural enterprises is one of the main prerequisites for stability and sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy, as it allows not only to change the nature of production activities, but also to fill it with new meaning and practical content. The practice of innovation, on the one hand, shows that there are still many obstacles in their way, which significantly hinder innovation development in the country; on the other hand, that innovative development is becoming, and in some places has already established itself as strategic for the development of industries and regions. However, these steps require specific content, from the organization of training to the practical implementation of large-scale innovative projects and programs.

scholarly journals Employment in Agribusiness and Purchases of Agricultural Products: The Effects of Monetization in Yugoslavia

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-368
Author(s):  
Dragan Miljkovic ◽  
Roberto J. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Livestock Marketing ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
Grain Marketing

AbstractEfforts to stabilize employment and output in the agricultural sector of Yugoslavia through monetization contributed to inflationary pressures. Granger causality tests suggest that increases in the rate of growth in the supply of money to subsidize state-owned agribusinesses were insufficient to maintain purchases of wheat and corn, but did cause purchases of cattle and swine. This result may be explained by producers having more flexibility in grain marketing (i.e., storage options and private buyers) and the perishability issues related to livestock marketing. The policy to maintain employment through monetization is shown to have been ineffective.

scholarly journals Impact of the funding structure on R&D in cases of European Union and Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 07004
Author(s):  
Gennady Alpatov ◽  
Kirill Gusarov ◽  
Elena Korostyshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Many contemporary empirical studies and theories of economic growth have revealed the dependence of innovative development of countries on the adequacy of funding for innovation. However, much of the empirical literature has discussed the issue of innovativeness without assessing the impact of the structure of funding sources on the success of the innovation process. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to prove the hypothesis of the inefficiency of innovative systems in which the proportion of public investment is high compared to private investment. In Russia, the share of public R&D funding is 67%, and the EU average is 33%. Methods: Based on the empirical research, we have compared the EU Horizon 2020 program with Russian VEB Ventures programs, conversion and digitalization programs of the Industrial Development Fund and found out how the structure of funding sources for these programs affects the success of their implementation. Findings & Value added: The results of our research show that a large share of public funding is not the cause, but the result of low private innovation activity and a lack of private investment. Significant reasons for their shortage were identified: the economic feasibility of purchasing ready-made solutions on the global market instead of funding research; cheap labour; adverse business climate. Thus, a high share of public financing of innovations in a country can serve as an indicator of the existence of serious reasons for restraining innovative development.

scholarly journals INNOVATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF CERTAIN BRANCHES OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND ITS FINANCIAL SUPPORT

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Oleksandr OLIYNYK ◽  
Ganna MOROZOVA ◽  
Valery SHEVCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
External Source ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration

The article considers methodological approaches to assessing the innovative development of the agricultural sector, which allowed to divide them into two groups: universal, which can be used to assess the innovative development of any type of enterprise, and specific, which are specific to certain types of enterprises depending on their activities , in particular agricultural. It is established that the most common methods of assessing the innovativeness of enterprise development are: determining the sensitivity of the enterprise to innovation, assessment of its innovation potential or innovation activity; comprehensive assessment of innovation activity; calculation of efficiency of innovative activity, etc. It is proved that the rate of innovative development of individual industries can characterize the average annual increase in yields of individual crops or animal productivity, as well as the yield of marketable products and profits per 1 ha of sown area or head of animals. Within the limits of this article only tendencies of change of productivity of agricultural crops in farms of all categories of Ukraine and the Kharkiv region as a criterion of innovative development of separate branches of agrarian sector are investigated. As a result, periods of acceleration and deceleration of the pace of innovative development of modern agricultural producers were established: in 1995-1999 the innovative development of the studied industries was absent; from 2000 to 2014 there was an acceleration of the pace of innovative development; in 2015-2019 innovation development slowed down significantly. The level of state support for the studied period as an external source of financial support for innovative development of the agricultural sector of the economy is analyzed. It is proved that as a result of changes in the tax legislation for 2015-2019 (abolition of the special regime of taxation of agricultural producers with value added tax and transformation of the fixed agricultural tax into a single tax of group 4 with a significant increase in tax rates), the financial support of agricultural producers, as a result of which their pace of innovative development has slowed down significantly.

scholarly journals Do Operating Profits Induce a Wage Premium Equally Shared among Employees Earning High or Low Incomes?

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Jarle Aarstad ◽  
Olav A. Kvitastein
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Wage Increase ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests

Panel data show that between 2001 and 2014 Norwegian industries’ increasing aggregated operating profits per employee increased average wages and wage inequality. The data imply that increasing profits, perhaps unsurprisingly, induce a wage premium. The data further imply that employees earning high incomes at the outset had the highest wage increase percentage-wise. Decreasing operating profits per employee had opposite but less robust effects on average wages and wage inequality. Panel data Granger causality tests finally showed that average wages, but not wage inequality, reversely and positively affect operating profits per employee.

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