Known and predicted impacts of the invasive oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) in European oak ecosystems – a review

AbstractThe North American oak lace bug (OLB, Corythucha arcuata) was first found in Europe in northern Italy in 2000, and up to 2019 it was recorded in 20 countries. Almost all Eurasian deciduous oak species are suitable hosts and the species can also feed on many other woody plants. At least 30 million hectares of oak forests provide suitable hosts for the OLB, meaning that the lack of suitable hosts will not restrict its further spread. Detailed studies on the long-term impact of the species are not yet available but there are many good reasons to assume that it poses multiple threats to oaks and oak ecosystems. In the long term, it may have negative effects on oak health, growth, and acorn crops. Many of other oak-associated species will likely also be negatively affected. So far, no effective and environmentally tolerable large scale control method is known for OLB.

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Reconstructing three decades of total international trawling effort in the North Sea

10.5194/essd-2019-90 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Elena Couce ◽

Michaela Schratzberger ◽

Georg H. Engelhard

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

Large Scale ◽

Information Source ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Fishing Effort ◽

Anthropogenic Pressures ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea ◽

Long Term Impact

Abstract. Fishing – especially trawling – is one of the most ubiquitous anthropogenic pressures on marine ecosystems worldwide, yet very few long-term, spatially explicit datasets on trawling effort exist; this greatly hampers our understanding of the medium- to long-term impact of trawling. This important gap is addressed here for the North Sea, a highly productive shelf sea which is also subject to many anthropogenic pressures. For a 31-year time span (1985–2015), we provide a dataset on the spatial distribution of total international otter and beam trawling effort, for all ICES rectangles (0.5° latitude by 1° longitude) of the North Sea. The dataset was largely reconstructed using compiled effort data from 7 fishing effort time-series, each covering shorter time spans and some of the countries fishing the North Sea only. For the years where effort data for particular countries were missing, the series was complemented using estimated (modelled) effort data. This new, long-term and large-scale trawling dataset may serve the wider scientific community, as well as those involved with policy and management, as a valuable information source on fishing pressure in a Large Marine Ecosystem which is heavily impacted, but which simultaneously provides a wealth of ecosystem services to society. The dataset is available on the Cefas Data Hub at: https://doi.org/10.14466/CefasDataHub.61 (Couce et al., 2019).

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Reconstructing three decades of total international trawling effort in the North Sea

Earth System Science Data ◽

10.5194/essd-12-373-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 373-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elena Couce ◽

Michaela Schratzberger ◽

Georg H. Engelhard

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

Large Scale ◽

Information Source ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Fishing Effort ◽

Anthropogenic Pressures ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea ◽

Long Term Impact

Abstract. Fishing – especially trawling – is one of the most ubiquitous anthropogenic pressures on marine ecosystems worldwide, yet very few long-term, spatially explicit datasets on trawling effort exist; this greatly hampers our understanding of the medium- to long-term impact of trawling. This important gap is addressed here for the North Sea, a highly productive shelf sea which is also subject to many anthropogenic pressures. For a 31-year time span (1985–2015), we provide a gridded dataset of the spatial distribution of total international otter and beam trawling effort, with a resolution of 0.5∘ latitude by 1∘ longitude, over the North Sea. The dataset was largely reconstructed using compiled effort data from seven fishing effort time series, each covering shorter time spans and only some of the countries fishing the North Sea. For the years where effort data for particular countries were missing, the series was complemented using estimated (modelled) effort data. This new, long-term and large-scale trawling dataset may serve the wider scientific community, as well as those involved with policy and management, as a valuable information source on fishing pressure in a large marine ecosystem which is heavily impacted but which simultaneously provides a wealth of ecosystem services to society. The dataset is available on the Cefas Data Hub at: https://doi.org/10.14466/CefasDataHub.61, version 2 (Couce et al., 2019).

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A Perspective On The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Basic Science Research and its Future implications

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796701999201223161636 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Yam Nath Paudel ◽

Efthalia Angelopoulou ◽

Bhupendra Raj Giri ◽

Christina Piperi ◽

Iekhsan Othman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basic Science ◽

Large Scale ◽

Preventive Measure ◽

Science Research ◽

Research Institutes ◽

Basic Science Research ◽

Long Term Consequences ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The Impact

: COVID-19 has emerged as a devastating pandemic of the century that the current generations have ever experienced. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 12 million people around the globe and 0.5 million people have succumbed to death. Due to the lack of effective vaccines against the COVID-19, several nations throughout the globe has imposed a lock-down as a preventive measure to lower the spread of COVID-19 infection. As a result of lock-down most of the universities and research institutes has witnessed a long pause in basic science research ever. Much has been talked about the long-term impact of COVID-19 in economy, tourism, public health, small and large-scale business of several kind. However, the long-term implication of these research lab shutdown and its impact in the basic science research has not been much focused. Herein, we provide a perspective that portrays a common problem of all the basic science researchers throughout the globe and its long-term consequences.

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Landscape development in western and central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102001000438 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 302-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jens-Ove Näslund

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

High Elevation ◽

Continental Margins ◽

Landscape Development ◽

Ice Streams ◽

The North ◽

Ice Stream ◽

Dronning Maud Land ◽

Break Up

Large-scale bedrock morphology and relief of two key areas, the Jutulsessen Nunatak and the Jutulstraumen ice stream are used to discuss glascial history and landscape development in western and central Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Two main landform components were identified: well-defined summit plateau surfaces and a typical alpine glacial landscape. The flat, high-elevation plateau surfaces previously were part of one or several continuous regional planation surfaces. In western Dronning Maud Land, overlying cover rocks of late Palaeozoic age show that the planation surface(s) existed in the early Permian, prior to the break-up of Gondwana. A well-develoment escarpment, a mega landform typical for passive continental margins, bounds the palaeosurface remnants to the north for a distance of at least 700 km. The Cenozoic glacial landscape, incised in the palaeosurface and escarpment, is exemplified by Jutulsessen Nunatak, where a c. 1.2 km deep glacial valley system is developed. However, the prominent Penck-Jutul Trough represents some of the deepest dissection of the palaeosurface. This originally tectonic feature is today occupied by the Jutulstraumen ice stream. New topographic data show that the bed of the Penck-Jutul Trough is situated 1.9±1.1 km below sea level, and that the total landscape relief is at least 4.2 km. Today's relief is a result of several processes, including tectonic faulting, subaerial weathering, fluvial erosion, and glacial erosion. It is probable that erosion by ice streams has deepened the tectonic troughs of Dronning Maud Land since the onset of ice sheet glaciation in the Oligocene, and continues today. An attempt is made to identify major events in the long-term landscape development of Dronning Maud Land, since the break-up of the Gondwana continent.

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Climate impacts on multidecadal <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> variability in the North Atlantic: 1948–2009

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-12-15223-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 15223-15244

Author(s):

M. L. Breeden ◽

G. A. McKinley

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

Large Scale ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽

Climate Impacts ◽

Co2 Uptake ◽

Subpolar Gyre ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic

Abstract. The North Atlantic is the most intense region of ocean CO2 uptake. Here, we investigate multidecadal timescale variability of the partial pressure CO2 (pCO2) that is due to the natural carbon cycle using a regional model forced with realistic climate and pre-industrial atmospheric pCO2 for 1948–2009. Large-scale patterns of natural pCO2 variability are primarily associated with basin-averaged sea surface temperature (SST) that, in turn, is composed of two parts: the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and a long-term positive SST trend. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) drives a secondary mode of variability. For the primary mode, positive AMO and the SST trend modify pCO2 with different mechanisms and spatial patterns. Warming with the positive AMO increases subpolar gyre pCO2, but there is also a significant reduction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due primarily to reduced vertical mixing. The net impact of positive AMO is to reduce pCO2 in the subpolar gyre. Through direct impacts on SST, the net impacts of positive AMO is to increase pCO2 in the subtropical gyre. From 1980 to present, long-term SST warming has amplified AMO impacts on pCO2.

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Topophilia, Placemaking, and Boundary Work

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction ◽

10.1145/3492843 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 6 (GROUP) ◽

pp. 1-33

Author(s):

Janghee Cho ◽

Samuel Beck ◽

Stephen Voida

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Work Practice ◽

Small Scale ◽

Work From Home ◽

Humanistic Geography ◽

Working From Home ◽

Long Term Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic fundamentally changed the nature of work by shifting most in-person work to a predominantly remote modality as a way to limit the spread of the coronavirus. In the process, the shift to working-from-home rapidly forced the large-scale adoption of groupware technologies. Although prior empirical research examined the experience of working-from-home within small-scale groups and for targeted kinds of work, the pandemic provides HCI and CSCW researchers with an unprecedented opportunity to understand the psycho-social impacts of a universally mandated work-from-home experience rather than an autonomously chosen one. Drawing on boundary theory and a methodological approach grounded in humanistic geography, we conducted a qualitative analysis of Reddit data drawn from two work-from-home-related subreddits between March 2020 and January 2021. In this paper, we present a characterization of the challenges and solutions discussed within these online communities for adapting work to a hybrid or fully remote modality, managing reconfigured work-life boundaries, and reconstructing the home's sense of place to serve multiple, sometimes conflicting roles. We discuss how these findings suggest an emergent interplay among adapted work practice, reimagined physical (and virtual) spaces, and the establishment and continual re-negotiation of boundaries as a means for anticipating the long-term impact of COVID on future conceptualizations of productivity and work.

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Beyond Neo-liberalism: Research Policies and Society. The Case of Japan

The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies ◽

10.22439/cjas.v29i2.4027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 58-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alain-Marc Rieu

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Social Systems ◽

Qualitative Change ◽

Economic Systems ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Science And Technology Policies ◽

Systemic Crisis ◽

Technology Policies ◽

Industrial Societies

The idea of decoupling is playing a major role in various interpretations of the present systemic crisis. This crisis is understood as an effect of neo-liberal policies, which have revolutionized economic systems since the 1980s. Decoupling indicates a qualitative change in the level of autonomy of the economic sphere in industrial societies. But a new level of differentiation also generates various types of recoupling, new forms of integration, cooperation and regulation recomposing social systems at another level. The goal of this article is first to situate the idea of decoupling within its conceptual complex. Secondly, the ecological constraint is considered the source of this intense differentiation within social systems, which has intensified since the 1970s. Finally, based on the case of Japan, this paper explains why large-scale science and technology policies developed since the 1990s have to be understood as part of a recoupling process, a project to reconstruct and reach a social and economic coherence in the long term. Similar policies are now implemented by all major industrial nations. Such policies have the potential to overcome neo-liberalism's negative effects.

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Long Term Impact of Grid Level Energy Storage on Renewable Energy Penetration and Emissions in the Chilean Electric System

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12061070 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1070 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Serguey Maximov ◽

Gareth Harrison ◽

Daniel Friedrich

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Large Scale ◽

Level Energy ◽

Renewable Generation ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Electricity System ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Grid Level

Chile has abundant solar and wind resources and renewable generation is becoming competitive with fossil fuel generation. However, due to renewable resource variability their large-scale integration into the electricity grid is not trivial. This study evaluates the long-term impact of grid level energy storage, specifically Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES), on the penetration of solar and wind energies and on CO2 emissions reduction in Chile. A cost based linear optimization model of the Chilean electricity system is developed and used to analyse and optimize different renewable generation, transmission and energy storage scenarios until 2050. For the base scenario of decommissioning ageing coal plants and no new coal and large hydro generation, the generation gap is filled by solar photovoltaic (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP) and flexible gas generation with the associated drop of 78% in the CO2 emission factor. The integration of on-grid 8h capacity storage increases the solar PV fraction which leads to a 6% reduction in operation and investment costs by 2050. However, this does not necessarily lead to further reductions in the long term emissions. Thus, it is crucial to consider all aspects of the energy system when planning the transition to a low carbon electricity system.

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Relevance of a skilled vascular surgeon and optimized facility practices in the long-term patency of arteriovenous fistulas: a prospective study

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 330-335

Author(s):

Esteban Lucas Siga ◽

Noemi Ibalo ◽

Maria R. Benegas ◽

Farias Laura ◽

Carlos Luna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Access ◽

Patency Rate ◽

Primary Patency ◽

Vascular Surgeon ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽

The North ◽

Almost All

Abstract Introduction: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) are the best hemodialysis vascular accesses, but their failure rate remains high. Few studies have addressed the role of the vascular surgeon's skills and the facility's practices. We aimed to study these factors, with the hypothesis that the surgeon's skills and facility practices would have an important role in primary failure and patency rates at 12 months, respectively. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective cohort study carried out from March 2005 to March 2017. Only incident patients were included. A single surgeon made all AVFs, either in the forearm (lower) or the elbow (upper). Vascular access definitions were in accordance with the North American Vascular Access Consortium. Results: We studied 113 AVFs (65% lower) from 106 patients (39% diabetics, 58% started with catheter). Time to first connection was 21.5 days (IR: 14 - 31). Only 14 AVFs (12.4%) underwent primary failure and 18 failed during the first year. Functional primary patency rate was 80.9% (SE 4.1) whereas primary unassisted patency rate, which included PF, was 70.6% (4.4). Logistic regression showed that diabetes (OR = 3.3, 95%CI 1.38 - 7.88, p = .007) and forearm location (OR = 3.03, 95CI% 1.05 - 8.76, p = 0.04) were predictors of AVF failure. Patency of lower and upper AVFs was similar in non-diabetics, while patency in diabetics with lower AVFs was under 50%. (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Results suggest that a long-lasting, suitable AVF is feasible in almost all patients. The surgeon's skills and facility practices can have an important role in the long term outcome of AVF.

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Recovery time of snowshoe hare habitat after commercial thinning in boreal Quebec

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x11-170 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 123-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Guylaine Bois ◽

Louis Imbeau ◽

Marc J. Mazerolle

Keyword(s):

Habitat Use ◽

Black Spruce ◽

Keystone Species ◽

Snowshoe Hare ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Boreal Ecosystems ◽

Commercial Thinning ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Habitat Parameters

As short-term effects of partial cuts generally decrease available cover for snowshoe hare ( Lepus americanus Erxleben), most studies have shown negative effects of such treatments on this keystone species in boreal ecosystems. This study aims to determine the long-term impact of commercial thinning on snowshoe hare habitat, and we hypothesized that habitat quality, as well as habitat use, recovers with time since treatment. We selected stands aged 50–90 years dominated by black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) in Abitibi (Quebec). We used models of habitat parameters to explain the abundance of snowshoe hare tracks and pellets in 20 commercially thinned stands treated between 1989 and 1999 and 12 control stands. Lateral cover was the dominant parameter influencing snowshoe hare habitat use. On average, commercially thinned stands had a lower lateral cover than controls (–18%). We also found that snowshoe hare use of commercially thinned stands increases with time since treatment. However, 11–18 years are needed before commercially thinned stands return to the same level of lateral cover and snowshoe hare signs as control stands. Commercial thinning is generally followed by harvesting all merchantable stems 15 years after treatment. Thus, we suggest that commercial thinning as currently practiced should be avoided if the objective is to maintain quality habitat for snowshoe hare and its associated predators.

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