scholarly journals Multi-objective land allocation for zoning of ecosystem services in mountain forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
Roman Sitko ◽  
Ľubomír Scheer
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Allocation ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
Avalanche Control

Abstract The paper proposes a system for zoning of mountain areas based on the level of provisioning of ecosystem services. Techniques of multi-objective land allocation were applied to allocate complementary and conflicting objectives. The zoning system consists of four phases: i) Identification of criteria for the evaluation of ecosystem services; ii) Quantification of criteria for three different forestland states; iii) Evaluation of potential and effect of the forest on providing the ecosystem services and iv) Zoning of ecosystem services with their prioritization and spatial allocation of support measures. The study was conducted in the Tatra Mountains (Slovakia). Erosion control, avalanche control, wood production and cultural services were evaluated. The greatest differences between potential and effect of the evaluated ecosystem services were identified for the avalanche control. A comparison of our results with the existing (control) map of ecosystem services has proved that the proposed system is a potent means for multi-objective forest planning.

Expert’s Perceptions towards Management of Tourist Traffic in Protected Areas Based on the Tatra Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Anna DELEKTA ◽  
Joanna FIDELUS-ORZECHOWSKA ◽  
Anna CHROBAK
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
National Park ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
Depth Interviews

Increasing human impact in mountain areas may constitute a challenge to national park authorities. Therefore, interdisciplinary research is important in order to address the various aspects of the functioning of protected areas. The purpose of the present study was to analyze perceptions of infrastructure and tourist traffic in the Tatra Mountains by tourist experts. Data were collected using the diagnostic survey method and in-depth interviews with experts. Statistical analysis included the use of the U-Mann-Whitney Test and the nonparametric Chi Square Test. Research has shown differences in the way both local transportation and restaurant services are viewed in the Polish and Slovakian parts of Tatras. Experts indicate that the main reason for increasing tourist traffic is that the Tatras are in fashion, while the key problem is excess litter generation.

scholarly journals Changes in Thermal Conditions in the High Mountain Areas and Contemporary Warming in the Central Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwira Żmudzka
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

Abstract The purpose of the report is to determine trends in thermal conditions in the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains. The results of studies were compared with the results of analogous analyses, carried out for the area of lowland Poland. The study makes use of the data from the weather stations in Zakopane and on Kasprowy Wierch Mt. from the years 1951-2006, mainly from 1966-2006. The thermal conditions in lowland Poland was determined on the basis of the area-averaged time series (45 stations). Various thermal characteristics were considered. The increase of the rate of upward trend in temperature at the turn of the 21st century, as well as the change of the seasonal distribution of the warming in comparison with the preceding long-term periods, have been documented. Symptoms of increase of the thermal continentality have also been observed.

Magnitude of sediment transport due to extreme windthrow event in small catchments in the Tatra Mountains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Strzyżowski
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Tree Uprooting ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
Root Plate

<p>In the forested mountain areas tree uprooting plays important role among many other geomorphic processes. In some cases, during extreme wind events, large patches of forest may be destroyed, which causes transport of significant amount of sediment.</p><p>The aim of this research was to investigate magnitude of sediment transport during one intense windthrow event, which took place on 25 December 2013 in the Tatra Mountains, southern Poland. The research was conducted in three second- to third-order catchments (16-81 ha), in which 34 to 94 percent of their areas were affected by windthrow. This was achieved by combining field measurements and GIS analyses. During field work root plates located within selected research polygons were measured in order to recognize the amount of sediment transported by a single uprooted tree. Then, each root plate located in the investigated catchments was mapped in GIS software using high-resolution (40 mm) orthophoto. Based on this, total volume of sediment displaced by uprooted trees within each catchment was estimated. Next, taking into account directions of tree fall and slope inclination within each uprooted tree, sediment flux by windthrow event in 2013 was calculated.</p><p>In total 211 uprooted trees were measured in the field. Mean volume of measured root plates was 1.84 m<sup>3</sup>. It was assumed that half of that value is accounted for roots of a tree, thus on average 0.92 m<sup>3</sup> of sediment was transported by each root plate. Analysis of the orthophoto allowed for identification of 4650 uprooted trees located in the investigated catchments. Most of the trees have fallen in downslope direction. Sediment flux by windthrow event in 2013 calculated for each catchment was 1.0–4.6 × 10<sup>–3</sup> m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>–1</sup>.</p>

scholarly journals Sustainable Water Resources Management in an Arid Area Using a Coupled Optimization-Simulation Modeling

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Farrokhzadeh ◽  
Seyed Hashemi Monfared ◽  
Gholamreza Azizyan ◽  
Ali Sardar Shahraki ◽  
Maurits Ertsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
Conflicting Objectives

Severe water scarcity in recent years has magnified the economic, social, and environmental significance of water stress globally, making optimal planning in water resources necessary for sustainable socio-economic development. One of the regions that is most affected by this is the Sistan region and its Hamoun wetland, located in south-east Iran. Water policies are essential to sustain current basin ecosystem services, maintaining a balance between conflicting demands from agriculture and the protection of wetland ecosystems. In the present study, a multi-objective optimization model is linked with the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software to optimize water allocation decisions over multiple years. We formulate and parameterize a multi-objective optimization problem where the net economic benefit from agriculture and the supply of environmental requirements were maximized, to analyze the trade-off between different stakeholders. This problem is modeled and solved for the study area with detailed agricultural, socio-economic, and environmental data for 30 years and quantification of ecosystem services. By plotting Pareto sets, we investigate the trade-offs between the two conflicting objectives and evaluate a possible compromise. The results are analyzed by comparing purely economic versus multi-objective scenarios on the Pareto front. Finally, the disadvantages and advantages of these scenarios are also qualitatively described to help the decision process for water resources managers.

scholarly journals Forest ecosystem services affected by natural disturbances, climate and land-use changes in the Tatra Mountains

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Fleischer ◽  
V Pichler ◽  
P Fleischer Jr ◽  
L Holko ◽  
F Máliš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

scholarly journals Postglacial talus slope development imaged by the ERT method: comparison of slopes from SW Spitsbergen, Norway and Tatra Mountains, Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1084-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Senderak ◽  
Marta Kondracka ◽  
Bogdan Gądek
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Talus Slope ◽  
Talus Slopes ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

Abstract Talus slopes are a common sedimentary formation both in polar and high-mountain areas, but their development is still not sufficiently understood. This article discusses the environmental factors that have been influencing development of talus slopes since the deglaciation and their impact on the internal structure of slopes. Case studies of the slopes from SW Spitsbergen and the Tatra Mountains in Poland were compared in order to explore different evolution stages. Slopes’ structure was analysed using geophysical surveys based on two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with a Wenner-Schlumberger array and an electrode spacing of 5 m, combined with geomorphological observations. The investigated talus slopes represent the paraglacial, periglacial and talus-alluvial environments. New data on the internal structure of talus slopes developing in the present or past glaciated areas adds to understanding talus slope evolution. There are many different views concerning the development of slopes during the paraglacial period, whose analysis seems to be crucial in the background of climate change and their record in slope structures. In addition, the study provided valuable information on the development and degradation of permafrost in slope materials.

scholarly journals A new diatom training set for the reconstruction of past water pH in the Tatra Mountain lakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwira Sienkiewicz ◽  
Michał Gąsiorowski ◽  
Ladislav Hamerlík ◽  
Peter Bitušík ◽  
Joanna Stańczak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Inferred Ph ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractLakes located in the Polish and Slovak parts of the Tatra Mountains were included in the Tatra diatom database (POL_SLOV training set). The relationship between the diatoms and the water chemistry in the surface sediments of 33 lakes was the basis for the statistical and numerical techniques for quantitative pH reconstruction. The reconstruction of the past water pH was performed using the alpine (AL:PE) and POL_SLOV training sets to compare the reliability of the databases for the Tatra lakes. The results showed that the POL_SLOV training set had better statistical parameters (R2 higher by 0.16, RMSE and max. bias lower by 0.2 and 0.36, respectively) compared to the AL:PE training set. The better performance of the POL_SLOV training set is particularly visible in the case of Przedni Staw Polski where the curve of the inferred water pH shows an opposite trend for the period from the 1960s to 1990 compared to that based on the AL:PE dataset. The reliability of the inferred pH was confirmed by the comparison with current instrumental measurements.

scholarly journals The intensity of slope and fluvial processes after a catastrophic windthrow event in small catchments in the Tatra Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1423
Author(s):  
Dariusz Strzyżowski ◽  
Elżbieta Gorczyca ◽  
Kazimierz Krzemień ◽  
Mirosław Żelazny
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Fluvial Processes ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStrong wind events frequently result in creating large areas of windthrow, which causes abrupt environmental changes. Bare soil surfaces within pits and root plates potentially expose soil to erosion. Absence of forest may alter the dynamics of water circulation. In this study we attempt to answer the question of whether extensive windthrows influence the magnitude of geomorphic processes in 6 small second- to third-order catchments with area ranging from 0.09 km2 to 0.8 km2. Three of the catchments were significantly affected by a windthrow which occurred in December 2013 in the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains, and the other three catchments were mostly forested and served as control catchments. We mapped the pits created by the windthrow and the linear scars created by salvage logging operations in search of any signs of erosion within them. We also mapped all post-windthrow landslides created in the windthrow-affected catchments. The impact of the windthrow on the fluvial system was investigated by measuring a set of channel characteristics and determining bedload transport intensity using painted tracers in all the windthrow-affected and control catchments. Both pits and linear scars created by harvesting tend to become overgrown by vegetation in the first several years after the windthrow. The only signs of erosion were observed in 10% of the pits located on convergent slopes. During the period from the windthrow event in 2013 until 2019, 5 very small (total area <100 m2) shallow landslides were created. The mean distance of bedload transport was similar (t-test, p=0.05) in most of the windthrow-affected and control catchments. The mapping of channels revealed many cases of root plates fallen into a channel and pits created near a channel. A significant amount of woody debris delivered into the channels influenced the activity of fluvial processes by creating alternating zones of erosion and accumulation.

scholarly journals The Influence of Land Use Change on Key Ecosystem Services and Their Relationships in a Mountain Region from Past to Future (1995–2050)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
Xuguang Tang ◽  
Shiqiu Lin ◽  
Hongyan Bian
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Steep Slopes

The ecosystem services (ESs) provided by mountain regions can bring about benefits to people living in and around the mountains. Ecosystems in mountain areas are fragile and sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance. Understanding the effect of land use change on ESs and their relationships can lead to sustainable land use management in mountain regions with complex topography. Chongqing, as a typical mountain region, was selected as the site of this research. The long-term impacts of land use change on four key ESs (i.e., water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), carbon storage (CS), and habitat quality (HQ)) and their relationships were assessed from the past to the future (at five-year intervals, 1995–2050). Three future scenarios were constructed to represent the ecological restoration policy and different socioeconomic developments. From 1995 to 2015, WY and SC experienced overall increases. CS and HQ increased slightly at first and then decreased significantly. A scenario analysis suggested that, if the urban area continues to increase at low altitudes, by 2050, CS and HQ are predicted to decrease moderately. However, great improvements in SC, HQ, and CS are expected to be achieved by the middle of the century if the government continues to make efforts towards vegetation restoration on the steep slopes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document