scholarly journals A new diatom training set for the reconstruction of past water pH in the Tatra Mountain lakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwira Sienkiewicz ◽  
Michał Gąsiorowski ◽  
Ladislav Hamerlík ◽  
Peter Bitušík ◽  
Joanna Stańczak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Inferred Ph ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractLakes located in the Polish and Slovak parts of the Tatra Mountains were included in the Tatra diatom database (POL_SLOV training set). The relationship between the diatoms and the water chemistry in the surface sediments of 33 lakes was the basis for the statistical and numerical techniques for quantitative pH reconstruction. The reconstruction of the past water pH was performed using the alpine (AL:PE) and POL_SLOV training sets to compare the reliability of the databases for the Tatra lakes. The results showed that the POL_SLOV training set had better statistical parameters (R2 higher by 0.16, RMSE and max. bias lower by 0.2 and 0.36, respectively) compared to the AL:PE training set. The better performance of the POL_SLOV training set is particularly visible in the case of Przedni Staw Polski where the curve of the inferred water pH shows an opposite trend for the period from the 1960s to 1990 compared to that based on the AL:PE dataset. The reliability of the inferred pH was confirmed by the comparison with current instrumental measurements.

Fire, people and ecosystem change in Pleistocene Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Since the 1960s, Australian scientists have speculated on the impact of human arrival on fire regimes in Australia, and on the relationship of landscape fire to extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Australia. These speculations have produced a series of contrasting hypotheses that can now be tested using evidence collected over the past two decades. In the present paper, I summarise those hypotheses and review that evidence. The main conclusions of this are that (1) the effects of people on fire regimes in the Pleistocene were modest at the continental scale, and difficult to distinguish from climatic controls on fire, (2) the arrival of people triggered extinction of Australia’s megafauna, but fire had little or no role in the extinction of those animals, which was probably due primarily to hunting and (3) megafaunal extinction is likely to have caused a cascade of changes that included increased fire, but only in some environments. We do not yet understand what environmental factors controlled the strength and nature of cascading effects of megafaunal extinction. This is an important topic for future research.

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: No valley deepening of the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) during the past 300 ka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Szczygieł ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

Methods, sample location, and their geomorphological context.<br>

scholarly journals Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains: an illustrated guide

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4819 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-264
Author(s):  
TÍMEA CHAMUTIOVÁ ◽  
LADISLAV HAMERLÍK ◽  
PETER BITUŠÍK
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Type A ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Type B ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Subfossil Chironomids ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

Here we present a summary of subfossil chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) found in the surface sediments of 52 Tatra Mts. lakes (Slovakia, Poland). Head capsules of 73 morphotypes of 5 subfamilies are described and illustrated. In addition to the previously documented subfossils by Brooks et al. (2007), we present 15 new morphotypes: Diamesa Tatra-type A, Diamesa Tatra-type B, Pseudodiamesa branickii-type, Pseudodiamesa nivosa-type, Pseudokiefferiella parva, Brillia bifida-type, Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) skirwithensis-type, Cricotopus (Cricotopus) tremulus-type, Cricotopus/Orthocladius I, Eukiefferiella brevicalcar-type, Eukiefferiella claripennis-type B, Orthocladius (Orthocladius) dentifer-type, O. (Mesorthocladius) frigidus, Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) sp. and Tanytarsini indet. Most of these types have possibly broad distribution patterns in Europe. We believe that due to specific features of each region, this paper will serve as a helpful manual for limnologists and paleolimnologists working not only in the Tatra Mts. but also in the whole Carpathian region.

Assessment of Changes in Lake Water Chemistry in Sudbury Area Lakes since Preindustrial Times

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (S1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil S. Dixit ◽  
Aruna S. Dixit ◽  
John P. Smol
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lake Water Chemistry ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Inferred Ph

Surface (recent) and bottom (pre-1880s) sediment samples from each of 72 Sudbury area lakes were analyzed for diatom valves and chrysophyte scales, and using these microfossils, we inferred changes in lake water pH, [Al], [Ni], conductance, and [Ca]. The study shows that extensive acidification has occurred in presently acidic (pH < 6.0) Sudbury lakes. Inferred [Al] has also increased in these lakes. The region also contains a few naturally acidic lakes; however, even these lakes have acidified further since the bottom sediments were deposited. Lakes that have current measured pH between 6.0 and 7.0 have either declined or increased in inferred pH in the past, whereas all lakes that are presently alkaline (pH > 7.0) have become more alkaline. The increase in inferred [Ni] in most of the study lakes indicates that Ni inputs are mainly atmospheric. Our data suggest that, in general, ion concentrations have increased in Sudbury lakes. The extent of acidification or alkalification in Sudbury lakes was primarily a function of proximity of the lakes to the smelters, orientation of prevailing wind patterns, and differences in watershed geology.

scholarly journals „Naprzeciw Tatr” — Gorce jako tatrzańskie peryferie?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 243-255
Author(s):  
Maria Kościelniak
Keyword(s):  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Center Periphery

The Tatra Mountains and the Gorce Mountains are mountain ranges lying next to each other. The widespread knowledge and popularity of the Tatra Mountains and the anthropopressure occurring in them indicate the dominant nature of these mountains in the consciousness of Polish society. The Gorce Mountains, meanwhile, are unknown to many, often overlooked and unpopular, both among tourists and writers. The peripheral nature of the Gorce region is related to the establishment of the center of Polish mountains in the Tatras. Their myth and majesty cast a shadow on the lower, unpopularized Gorce and contribute to creating a way of experiencing them. The article analyzes the relationship between the Gorce and the Tatra Mountains. The model of the center–periphery in the horizontal approach, proposed by Elżbieta Rybicka, was used to describe the phenomenon.

scholarly journals Zakopane i Tatry fin de siècle. Jan Kasprowicz – podróże artysty

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 309-335
Author(s):  
Klaudiusz Święcicki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the process of increased interest in Zakopane and Podhale culture in the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. Discusses the problem of highlanders acquiring national identity. Characterizes the environment of the intellectual and artistic elite of Zakopane. Attempts to analyse how fascination with the Tatra landscape and highlander culture influenced the formation of one of the myths that fund modern national identity. Tries to show how the artists influenced the development of Zakopane as a holiday spa. It also shows the impact of bohemia on the transformation of the culture of highlanders in the Podhale region. The second part of the article discusses the relationship of the poet Jan Kasprowicz with Podhale. His peregrinations to Zakopane and Poronin were presented. On the selected example from creativity, an attempt was made to analyse the poet’s fascination with the Tatra Mountains and highlander culture.

scholarly journals Population differences in morphological and anatomical traits of Pinus mugo Turra needles from the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Ewa M. Pawlaczyk ◽  
Alina Bączkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Wawrzyniak ◽  
Magdalena Czołpińska ◽  
Patrycja Gonera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pinus Mugo ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract The main aim of this study was to describe the variation between the populations of the dwarf mountain pine Pinus mugo Turra based on the morphological and anatomical traits of their needles, and to investigate the relationship between the observed variation and environmental conditions (altitude and substrate). Two-year-old needles were collected from 180 individuals of six populations of P. mugo growing in the Tatra Mts. Two populations were classified as dense, located at 1360–1450 m altitude, and the remaining four formed loose clusters and were situated at 1500–1650 m altitude. Four of the populations are growing on granite and two on a limestone substrate. The natural variation of 10 morpho-anatomical and 3 synthetic needle traits was measured. In addition to descriptive statistics, the analyses of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey test and principal component analysis were computed. We also estimated Pearson correlation coefficients for the examined needle traits and altitude as well as substrate. Our results indicate that the P. mugo populations differ significantly with regard to the investigated traits for which the Trzydniowiański Wierch population was the most distinct. The observed pattern of variability is largely caused by differences in stomatal traits and these features are positive correlated with altitude. Additionally, populations growing on granite have larger values for most of the examined traits compared to populations growing on limestone.

Scaled Chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae) as Indicators of pH in Sudbury, Ontario, Lakes

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1411-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil S. Dixit ◽  
Aruna S. Dixit ◽  
R. Douglas Evans
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Ph Indicator ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Scaled Chrysophytes ◽  
Calibration Equation ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inferred Ph ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Surface sediment chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae) of 30 Sudbury, Ontario, lakes were analyzed to investigate the relationship of these algal microfossils with the limnological characteristics of the study lakes. The distribution of the majority of common chrysophyte taxa is correlated closely with lake water pH, pH-related factors, or both. Chrysodidymus synuroideus, Synura echinulata, Mallomonas hamata, M. acaroides var. muskokana, and Chrysosphaerella longispina appear to be indicators of strongly to moderately acidic waters whereas M. pseudocoronata and M. caudata are indicators of circumneutral to alkaline waters. Using multiple regression of pH indicator chrysophyte assemblages against the measured lake pH, a calibration equation was developed to compute chrysophyte-inferred pH. Chrysophyte-inferred pH values were closely related with measured lake water pH (r2 = 0.74). The study indicates that in the absence of historical pH data, stratigraphic analysis of scaled chrysophytes would provide useful information about the history of lake acidification in the Sudbury area. There is some indication that high metal concentrations, in addition to pH, may influence chrysophycean species distribution in acidic lakes.

scholarly journals From Excerpt to Cosplay. Paths of Knowledge in the Nordic Museum Archive

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-140
Author(s):  
Simon Ekström
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
Productive Force ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eye Opening ◽  
Extensive Collection ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this article is to shed some light on the situation that occurs when scholarly knowledge, once highly valued, is successively undermined, while elements of the same learning live on as attractive resources to other stakeholders. More accurately, the research question relates to the process that starts with many ethnologists who, over time, come to increasingly view formerly important materials as less relevant to their own academic issues. For the sake of the argument, the Nordic Museum’s extensive collection of excerpts concerning folk customs and beliefs is used as an eye-opening case study. During the 1960s and 1970s, folklore researchers and ethnologists retreated from researching those lingering traces of the past—of which the Nordic Museum’s excerpt collection constitutes a powerful material centre—and thus this field was left free for others to claim. By drawing attention to both the productive force of the Nordic Museum’s collection of excerpts, and a number of contemporary and popular representations of ancient folklore, this article actualises a set of questions that deal with the relationship between new and old knowledge; for what becomes of previously sought after academic learning, once treasured in the Nordic Museum Archive, when the vast majority of the discipline heads for new materials, methods and theories?

scholarly journals In the Footsteps of Galileo

Nuncius ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Francesco Paolo de Ceglia ◽  
Fabio Lusito
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Roberto Rossellini ◽  
Media Hype ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Italian scientific biopics experienced a period of extraordinary media hype in the 1970s, when some intellectuals personally committed to bringing the lives of the scientists of the past to television in order to discuss the relationship between knowledge and power in the present. Nevertheless, might we properly speak of “Italian-style” historical-scientific fictional drama? To answer this question, we will focus on Roberto Rossellini, Liliana Cavani and, above all, Lucio Lombardo Radice, a promoter, scientific consultant, author and presenter of, and sometimes even actor in, some of the most controversial of these scientific biopics. This article aims, first of all, to reconstruct this history, explaining the reasons for the success of the genre, starting in the 1960s, and the crisis it underwent in the 1980s; secondly, to ascertain the influences these ideological works exerted on choices, approaches and styles of the next generation of science historians and communicators.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document