The Impact of Childhood Trauma and Depressive Symptoms on Body Mass Index

AbstractObjectivesObesity is associated with several somatic diseases and increased psychological burden. This study focused on two potential psychological predictors of the body mass index (BMI), childhood trauma and depressive symptoms.MethodsWe used three independent populations: two general population samples (Study of Health in Pomerania, SHIP-2, N = 1,657; SHIP-TREND-0, N = 3,278) and one patient sample (GANI_MED, N = 1,742). Childhood trauma was measured with the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in SHIP-2 and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in SHIP-TREND-0 and GANI_MED. We investigated the impact of childhood trauma and depression on BMI. Furthermore, we used mediation analysis to assess whether depression was a significant mediator on the path from childhood trauma to adult BMI in each of the three samples.ResultsIn all the three populations, depressive symptoms exhibited a significant association towards higher BMI (p < 0.05). Childhood trauma was positively associated with BMI with significant associations in SHIP-TREND-0 (p < 0.001) and GANI_MED (p = 0.005). The relationship between CTQ and BMI was significantly partially mediated (p < 0.05) by depressive symptoms in SHIP-TREND-0 (38.0%) and GANI_MED (16.4%), in SHIP-2 results pointed in the same direction. All the trauma sub-dimensions, except sexual abuse, exhibited at least one significant association towards increased BMI in one of the samples.ConclusionsChildhood trauma and depressive symptoms may be considered as causes of obesity. These results suggest that psychological treatments against obesity should address childhood maltreatment as well as depressive symptoms in their diagnostic assessment and could facilitate psychotherapeutic treatment when necessary.

Download Full-text

Body Mass Index, Multi-Morbidity, and COVID-19 Risk Factors as Predictors of Severe COVID-19 Outcomes

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health ◽

10.1177/21501327211018559 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 215013272110185

Author(s):

Sanjeev Nanda ◽

Audry S. Chacin Suarez ◽

Loren Toussaint ◽

Ann Vincent ◽

Karen M. Fischer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Body Mass ◽

Risk Score ◽

The Body ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Morbidity Score ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to investigate body mass index, multi-morbidity, and COVID-19 Risk Score as predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Patients Patients from this study are from a well-characterized patient cohort collected at Mayo Clinic between January 1, 2020 and May 23, 2020; with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis defined as a positive result on reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Measures Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical record. The data included: date of birth, gender, ethnicity, race, marital status, medications (active COVID-19 agents), weight and height (from which the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated, history of smoking, and comorbid conditions to calculate the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) multi-morbidity score. An additional COVID-19 Risk Score was also included. Outcomes included hospital admission, ICU admission, and death. Results Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the impact on mortality or hospital admission. Age, sex, and race (white/Latino, white/non-Latino, other, did not disclose) were adjusted for in the model. Patients with higher COVID-19 Risk Scores had a significantly higher likelihood of being at least admitted to the hospital (HR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.30, 2.50; P < .001), or experiencing death or inpatient admission (includes ICU admissions) (HR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.42; P = .028). Age was the only statistically significant demographic predictor, but obesity was not a significant predictor of any of the outcomes. Conclusion Age and COVID-19 Risk Scores were significant predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Further work should examine the properties of the COVID-19 Risk Factors Scale.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Nutritional Status and Body Mass Index on Rehabilitation Outcomes in Patients Receiving Home-Based Medical Care

World Nutrition Journal ◽

10.25220/wnj.v03.i2.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Kanako Eiwa ◽

Naomi Nakayama ◽

Yumi Takami ◽

Shuko Iwasaki ◽

Yoshinori Hino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

At Risk ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Medical Care ◽

Body Mass ◽

Functional Independence ◽

The Body ◽

Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽

Home Based ◽

The Impact

Background: Home-based medical care is expanding rapidly in Japan.Objectives: We aimed to identify the factors associated with outcomes of therapy in patients receiving home-visit rehabilitation.Methods: One hundred twenty-one patients receiving home-based rehabilitation were investigated. Nutritional status was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was employed to assess the activities of daily living (ADL). The body mass index (BMI), medical history, and orthopedic disease-related pain were also recorded. The primary outcome was the improvement in FIM scores in one year.Results: A total of 19 (17%) patients were malnourished and 58 (48%) were at risk of malnutrition. Malnourished patients had a lower FIM score at initiation than those at risk of malnutrition or with normal nutritional status. Only changes in patients’ BMI and MNA-SF scores over one year were significantly associated with improved FIM scores (p = 0.0079 and p = 0.0049, respectively). No association was noted with the other factors.Conclusions: This is the first report to demonstrate that changes in MNA-SF scores and BMI are significantly associated with rehabilitation outcomes in home-based care. Nutritional management is essential along with rehabilitation to improve ADL in the long-term home care setting.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Depressive Symptoms and Traumatic Experiences on Quality of Life in Adults With ADHD

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054716654568 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 486-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Swantje Matthies ◽

Chiharu Sadohara-Bannwarth ◽

Sebastian Lehnhart ◽

Jan Schulte-Maeter ◽

Alexandra Philipsen

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Traumatic Experiences ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

Objective: We assessed factors influencing quality of life (QoL) in adults with ADHD. Method: QoL, traumatic childhood experiences, and depression were assessed using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively, in 60 adult ADHD outpatients and 60 age- and gender-matched controls. Results: Emotional neglect or abuse had occurred significantly more often during childhood in adults with ADHD. Depressive symptoms were rated significantly higher by ADHD patients. QoL was significantly lower in adults with ADHD, and the variables depression, ADHD symptom severity, and traumatic load, accounted for ~60% of variance in overall QoL. Conclusion: QoL is significantly reduced in adult ADHD patients. Depressive symptoms and traumatic childhood experiences influence QoL. Treatment for adult ADHD patients should take the high interdependence of depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, and QoL into consideration.

Download Full-text

The Impact of the Body Mass Index on Outcome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/01.neu.0000430322.17000.82 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 201-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Johannes Platz ◽

Erdem Güresir ◽

Patrick Schuss ◽

Jürgen Konczalla ◽

Volker Seifert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Body Mass ◽

Glasgow Outcome Scale ◽

The Body ◽

Favorable Outcome ◽

World Federation ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Aneurysm Size ◽

The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and associated with a poor outcome, especially for intensive care patients. However, recent studies have described favorable outcomes of obese patients after stroke, a phenomenon called the “obesity paradox.” OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the body mass index (BMI) on outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: We analyzed the data for 741 SAH patients. A BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 was considered overweight and greater than 30 kg/m2 obese. The outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge and after 6 months was assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: According to the BMI, 268 patients (36.2%) were overweight and 113 (15.2%) were obese. A favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score >3) was achieved in 53.0% of overweight patients. In contrast, 61.4% of the 360 patients with a normal BMI had a favorable outcome (P = .021). However, in the multivariate analysis, only age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.051, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.07, P < .001), World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade (OR: 2.095, 95% CI: 1.87-2.35, P < .001), occurrence of vasospasm (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.94-4.34, P < .001), and aneurysm size larger than 12 mm (OR: 2.215, 95% CI: 1.20-4.10, P = .011) were independent predictors of outcome after 6 months. Of the 321 poor grade patients (World Federation of Neurological Surgeons score >3), 171 (53.3%) were overweight. Of these, 21.6% attained a favorable outcome compared with 35.3% of normal-weight patients (P = .006). CONCLUSION: Although many physicians anticipate a worse outcome for obese patients, in our study, the BMI was not an independent predictor of outcome. Based on the BMI, obesity seems to be negligible for outcome after SAH compared with the impact of SAH itself, the patient's age, occurrence of vasospasm, or aneurysm size.

Download Full-text

Estimating bias in derived body mass index in the Maternity Experiences Survey

Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.36.9.02 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 185-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Dzakpasu ◽

J. Duggan ◽

J. Fahey ◽

R. S. Kirby

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

Random Sample ◽

Body Mass ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Measured Data ◽

The Body ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Maternity Experiences Survey ◽

The Impact

Introduction The objective of this study was to assess bias in the body mass index (BMI) measure in the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey (MES) and possible implications of bias on the relationship between BMI and selected pregnancy outcomes. Methods We assessed BMI classification based on self-reported versus measured values. We used a random sample of 6175 women from the MES, which derived BMI from self-reported height and weight, and a random sample of 259 women who had previously given birth from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), which derived BMI from self-reported and measured height and weight. Two correction equations were applied to self-reported based BMI, and the impact of these corrections on associations between BMI and caesarean section, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA) births was studied. Results Overall, 86.9% of the CHMS subsample was classified into the same BMI category based on self-reported versus measured data. However, misclassification had a substantial effect on the proportion of women in underweight and obese BMI categories. For example, 14.5% versus 20.8% of women were classified as obese based on self-reported data versus measured data. Corrections improved estimates of obesity prevalence, but over- and underestimated other BMI categories. Corrections had nonsignificant effects on the associations between BMI and SGA, LGA, and caesarean section. Conclusion While there was high concordance in BMI classification based on selfreported versus measured height and weight, bias in self-reported based measures may slightly over- or underestimate the risks associated with a particular BMI class. However, the general trend in associations is unaffected.

Download Full-text

Obesity and the heart: The impact of obesity beyond the body mass index

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487319897170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (18) ◽

pp. 2004-2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

AG Vos

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

The Body ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

The relationship between body mass index, body image, and sexual function: A survey on Iranian pregnant women

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine ◽

10.18502/ijrm.v17i7.4862 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mahtab Senobari ◽

Elham Azmoude ◽

Marziyeh Mousavi

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Image ◽

Sexual Function ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Female Sexual Function ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Background: The prevalence of sexual problems is high during pregnancy. Despite this, there are limited data about the impact of physical and psychological factors such as body weight and body image on sexual function in pregnant women. Objective: To investigate the relationship between body mass index, body image, and sexual function among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 206 Iranian pregnant women (106 with normal weight and 100 overweight women) in their 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy were surveyed. Survey instruments included the Female Sexual Function Index and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of female sexual disorder was 72.3% in this survey. Diminished sexual desire/appetite was the most common problem reported by the participants (37.9%). The mean score of sexual problem and body image were not significantly different among overweight and normal weight women in the 2nd (p = 0.945 and p = 0.800, respectively) and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy (p = 0.310 and p = 0.507, respectively). Further, there were no relationships between the body mass index plus body image and the total female sexual function score (p = 0.44 and p = 0.837, respectively). However, the relationship between the appearance evaluation with lubrication (p = 0.043) and subjective weight with two subscales of sexual satisfaction (p = 0.005) and orgasm (p = 0.019) were significant. Conclusion: The findings from this study revealed that there were no relationships between body mass index plus body image score and the sexual function in pregnancy. Therefore, a further research is recommended to study other potential factors affecting sexual function during pregnancy.

Download Full-text

Adolescents’ Depressive Symptom Experience Mediates the Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Maternal Depression Symptoms on Adolescents’ Body Mass Index

Annals of Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/abm/kaz069 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (7) ◽

pp. 510-517

Author(s):

Amber R Cordola Hsu ◽

Zhongzheng Niu ◽

Xiaomeng Lei ◽

Emily Kiresich ◽

Yawen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depressive Symptom ◽

Body Mass ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Z Score ◽

Symptom Experience ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Obesity is a cardiovascular disease risk factor and affects approximately 13.7 million U.S. children and adolescents between the ages 2 and 19 years old in 2015–2016. Purpose To determine the relationship between children’s average long-term exposure to maternal depressive symptoms age 1 month to Grade 6 and adolescents’ body mass index (BMI) z-score at age 15 mediated by the adolescents’ depressive symptom experience. Methods A total of 1,364 infants and their families from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were recruited. Results Mediation analyses revealed a significant relationship between children’s average long-term exposure to maternal depressive symptoms from age 1 month to Grade 6 and adolescents’ BMI z-score at age 15 (total effect = 0.015, p = .013, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0032, 0.027). The adolescents’ experience of depressive symptoms significantly mediated this relationship (indirect effect = 0.0021, bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% CI: 0.0004, 0.0044), with this mediated relationship more pronounced in girls. Conclusions Findings indicate the possible existence of a mediating role of adolescents’ depressive symptoms experience in the pathway from average long-term exposure to maternal depressive symptoms during children’s early life to adolescents’ elevated BMI.

Download Full-text

The effect of school intervention programs on the body mass index of adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Health Education Research ◽

10.1093/her/cyaa021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 396-406

Author(s):

R Saavedra Dias ◽

A N Barros ◽

A J Silva ◽

J C Leitão ◽

J Narciso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

School Intervention ◽

The Body ◽

Future Research ◽

Obesity Interventions ◽

The Impact ◽

Low Magnitude

Abstract Effective obesity interventions in adolescent populations have been identified as an immediate priority action to stem the increasing prevalence of adult obesity. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to make a quantitative analysis of the impact of school-based interventions on body mass index during adolescence. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science databases. Results were pooled using a random-effects model with 95% confidence interval considered statistically significant. Of the 18 798 possible relevant articles identified, 12 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The global result showed a low magnitude effect, though it was statistically significant (N = 14 428), global e.s. = −0.055, P = 0.004 (95% CI = −0.092, −0.017). Heterogeneity was low among the studies (I2 = 9.017%). The funnel plot showed no evidence of publication bias. The rank-correlation test of Begg (P = 0.45641) and Egger’s regression (P = 0.19459) confirmed the absence of bias. This meta-analysis reported a significant effect favoring the interventions; however, future research are needed since the reported the evidence was of low magnitude, with the studies following a substantial range of approaches and mostly had a modest methodological quality.

Download Full-text