scholarly journals Manifest Dream/Association Comparison: A Criterion to Monitor the Psychotherapeutic Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Trombini ◽  
Anna Corazza ◽  
Gerhard Stemberger
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gestalt Theory ◽  
Relationship Dynamics ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Summary The present work focuses on the transformations of the psychotherapeutic field through the relationship dynamics which occur within it. The first part of this article starts with a brief outline of the Gestalt psychological understanding of the field concept, also in its application to the psychotherapeutic situation, followed by a brief review of the introduction of the field concept into the psychoanalytic theory formation. After this, the first author first presents the theoretical concept underlying a new approach he has developed for observing the relationship dynamics in psychotherapy. Mirroring a formation of both psychoanalytic and Gestalt theory of the main author, this new approach is based on the combination of psychoanalytic and Gestalt psychological concepts. According to the clinical experience and insights of the author, the phenomenological and relational approach of Gestalt theory fits well with the psychoanalytic approach; on this basis, a criterion for recording the progress of therapy can be developed. This criterion is the phenomenology of the development of the qualities of the relationships of the client, as they become visible in his dream narrations and the subsequent associations in the analysis room and continue to develop during the session and the further course of therapy. The relationship dynamics in the dream narration is thus compared with those which develop in the course of the subsequent associations. This is demonstrated and further elaborated in the second part of this article on the basis of a clinical case. The clinical example shows how the relationship dynamics develop in this sense in the individual therapy sessions and over a longer course of therapy. The associated transformations of the therapeutic field give a good indication of the progress of therapy. The main author gained such insights into the transformations of the therapeutic field and the progression of therapy, which are visible in the course of therapy, from the careful application of the criterion “MDAC of relational dynamics”. In the specific case, there was also a high degree of correspondence between the results of the application of this phenomenological criterion and the empirical evidence of the symptom questionnaire, a self-report measure requested by the patient himself during the course of the therapy.

scholarly journals Manifest Dream/Association Comparison: A Criterion to Monitor the Psychotherapeutic Field (2nd part) Field Transformations: A Clinical Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-261
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Trombini ◽  
Anna Corazza ◽  
Gerhard Stemberger
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Relationship Dynamics ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Summary The present work focuses on the transformations of the psychotherapeutic field through the relationship dynamics that occur within it. The first part of this article starts with a brief outline of the Gestalt psychological understanding of the field concept, also in its application to the psychotherapeutic situation, followed by a brief review of the introduction of the field concept into the psychoanalytic theory formation. After this, the first author first presents the theoretical concept underlying a new approach he has developed for observing the relationship dynamics in psychotherapy. Mirroring a formation both psychoanalytic and gestaltic of the main author, this new approach is based on the combination of psychoanalytic and Gestalt psychological concepts. According to the clinical experience and insights of the author, the phenomenological and relational approach of Gestalt theory fits well with the psychoanalytic approach; on this basis, a criterion for recording the progress of therapy can be developed. This criterion is the phenomenology of the development of the qualities of the relationships of the client, as they become visible in his dream narrations and the subsequent associations in the analysis room, and continue to develop during the session and the further course of therapy. The relationship dynamics in the dream narration is thus compared with those that develop in the course of the subsequent associations. This is demonstrated and further elaborated in the second part of this paper on the basis of a clinical case. The clinical example shows how the relationship dynamics develop in this sense in the individual therapy sessions and over a longer course of therapy. The associated transformations of the therapeutic field give a good indication of the progress of therapy. The main author gained such insights into the transformations of the therapeutic field and the progression of therapy, which are visible in the course of therapy, from the careful application of the criterion “manifest dream/associations comparison of relational dynamics”. In the specific case, there was also a high degree of correspondence between the results of the application of this phenomenological criterion and the empirical evidence of the symptom questionnaire, a self-report measure requested by the patient himself during the course of the therapy.

A dyadic model of investments: Partner effects on commitment

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3471-3491
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Coy ◽  
Jody L. Davis ◽  
Jeffrey D. Green ◽  
Paul E. Etcheverry
Keyword(s):  
Investment Model ◽  
Relationship Dynamics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Relationship Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dyadic Model

A dyadic approach to studying relationship dynamics yields considerably more insights than examining each partner separately. Yet relatively little research has examined dyadic models of commitment, despite commitment being essential to relationship persistence. Accordingly, we tested a dyadic version of the investment model of commitment. In two cross-sectional studies of couples and one experiment, we tested the role of partner investments and perceived partner investments as novel antecedents of commitment. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that greater partner investments were related to greater levels of individuals’ commitment, while controlling for individuals’ own satisfaction with, investments in, and alternatives to the relationship. Study 3 revealed that partner-reported investments predicted commitment independent of perceived partner investments. The findings advance the investment model beyond the individual level, emphasizing the need to examine dyadic elements of relationships.

scholarly journals Measuring Intergroup Forgiveness: The Enright Group Forgiveness Inventory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Enright ◽  
Julie Johnson ◽  
Fu Na ◽  
Tomaz Erzar ◽  
Matthew Hirshberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Intergroup Forgiveness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Until recently, researchers operationalized and measured the psychological construct of forgiveness at the individual, rather than the group, level. Social psychologists started applying forgiveness to groups and examining the role intergroup forgiveness may have in conflict resolution and peace efforts. Initial attempts to define and measure forgiveness at the group level either assumed individual and group capacities were the same, or insufficiently described what intergroup forgiveness meant. We developed a new measure of intergroup forgiveness, and a novel group administration process, that operationalized the construct in a philosophically coherent way. Our conceptualization of intergroup forgiveness was rooted in what groups, as opposed to the individuals who compose them, have the capacity to do. We collected data on the psychometric properties of the measure with 595 participants in three different geographic and cultural settings. We assessed the factor structure, internal consistency, and validity of the measure. We also assessed a novel group-based method of administering the measure to better understand the relationship between group based reports and self-reports of intergroup forgiveness. The factor structure of the measure was supported, and the measure had strong internal consistency, as well as convergent and discriminant validity. The group administration process revealed important group dynamics and was not statistically different than a standard self-report administration; this finding has important implications for research and practice.

scholarly journals Periodontal Surgery Intervention for Gingival Smile Correction - Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Beatriz S. Sangalette ◽  
Larissa V. Vieira ◽  
Felippo R. Verri ◽  
Leandro R. Mestrener ◽  
Sandra R. Mestrener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Private Clinic ◽  
Periodontal Surgery ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The success of anterior rehabilitation requires more skills than knowledge. It is necessary that the professional has updates on a new approach to obtain the best result considering the high degree of the exigency of these cases. The relationship between red and white esthetic is known and consolidated in the literature. Then, to achieve success in an esthetic smile is indispensable to apply periodontal surgery associated with restorative technique. Methods: In this report, a 28-year-old female patient sought care in a private clinic with a major cosmetic complaint due to disproportion of the clinical crown and gingival smile. Result: After planning, a clinical crown increase was performed, followed by the labial repositioning technique after the healing time of the initial surgery. Conclusion: It can be concluded that some of the surgical techniques, demonstrated in the literature, for gingival correction are feasible when correctly indicated. The best esthetic results will be achieved when the professional can understand the necessity to correct the disharmony of white and red esthetic.

scholarly journals Budget Education and Management as a Necessity for Well-Being and Financial Stability: Cluster & MDS Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Enkeleda Lulaj
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Budget Management ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Use Of Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

From antiquity to modernization, the budget is portrayed as one of the main factors in economic and social life. This paper analyzes the relationship between education and budget management as a necessity for well-being and financial stability. This shows that the use of knowledge during the budget cycle management depends on the education and combination of many factors coming from the environment where the individual or family operates. Here it is explained how Cluster and MDS analysis in interaction with other statistical tests explain the similarities or the differences between the observation groups from Kosovo, Western Balkan countries and European Countries (KO & EU & WBC), related to emergency funds, saving, registration of transactions of revenues or expenditures, financial decision-making, control and budgetary practices. The research is argued from empirical findings giving a new approach through detailed recommendations for variables of observation groups on the personal budget.

Tolerance to uncertainty among psychology students as a predictor of adaptation strategy in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Oksana A. Kondrashikhina
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Passive Aggression ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study is to identify the correlation between tolerance/intolerance to uncertainty with coping strategies and mechanisms of psychological protection of the individual in the conditions of adaptation to situations with a high degree of uncertainty associated with the coronavirus pandemic. A positive correlation was established between tolerance to uncertainty and the protective mechanisms of “humor” and “compensation”, and a negative correlation with the mechanism of “omnipotent control”. Increasing the level of tolerance to uncertainty entails: 1) increased levels of regression and withdrawal in uncertain situations; 2) reduced readiness for systematic problem solving and the emergence of an inability to separate emotions about the situation from its cognitive solution; 3) reduced ability to enter into active opposition with uncertainty, reduced ability to humor and positive reassessment of an uncertain situation. In addition, an increase in the level of interpersonal tolerance to uncertainty leads to an increase in the defense mechanisms and used coping strategies (passive aggression, dissociation, projection, displacement, substitution, distancing, etc.), which clearly indicates the perception of an uncertain situation by such students as extremely difficult, threatening, negative. Thus, tolerance to uncertainty is a significant resource for adaptive living by a person in the conditions of uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students with a high interpersonal tolerance to uncertainty are the most vulnerable to the uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The practical significance of the study is in the need to form the ability to constructive activity in conditions of uncertainty, which can be implemented in the process of training interventions. Further research may be based on considering the relationship between tolerance to uncertainty and other factors of adaptation to the conditions of uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The relevance of the study is associated with the scarcity of works on the assessment of adaptive resources of the individual in the conditions of uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The relationship of individual psychological and individual-typological characteristics in individuals with personality disorders, committed socially dangerous acts

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Dubinsky ◽  
G.M. Tokareva ◽  
A.S. Vasilchenko ◽  
N.E. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
System Activation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Dangerousness ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between individual psychological and individually-typological characteristics of patients with personality disorders who committed socially dangerous acts were studied, taking into account the severity of the organic factor and the degree of their social dangerousness. 121 males were surveyed, 70 of them were diagnosed with "organic personality disorder" and 33 - personality disorder. The types of personality disorders were diagnosed. The individual variables, the ratio of processes of system activation of behavior and its inhibition, protective styles, especially coping behaviours that constitute aggression, styles of self-regulation were analyzed. It was revealed that low settings of the system activation behavior found in the group of persons with a high degree of social dangerousness, determines the formation of individual psychological treats related to the rigidity behavior, the instability of the motives, impulsivity, negative emotionality, disinhibition. During comparison of samples of individuals with medium and high degree of social dangerousness it has been discovered that self-centeredness, as a component of self-control, high levels of affective components of aggression – anger and immature defense mechanisms significantly distinguish individuals with a high degree of public danger.

Personality and the experience of environmental adversity

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. KENDLER ◽  
C. O. GARDNER ◽  
C. A. PRESCOTT
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Adult Twins ◽  
The Relationship

Background. While psychiatric epidemiology often focuses on the causal relationship between environmental adversity and the individual (e.g. environment to person), individuals probably make important contributions to the quality of their environments (person to environment).Method. In a population based sample of >7000 male and female adult twins, we examined the relationship between the personality trait of neuroticism (N) and the occurrence of stressful life events (SLEs) and the quality of interpersonal relationships (IPR). We compared the magnitude of the prediction of twin 1's self-reported SLEs and IPR from: (i) twin 1's self-reported N; (ii) twin 2's report of twin 1's N; and (iii) twin 2's report of twin 2's N in monozygotic pairs.Results. In our entire sample, self-report N significantly predicted the occurrence of most SLEs and all dimensions of IPR. Using the co-twin's report of N produced associations that were of the same magnitude for SLEs and modestly weaker for IPR. In monozygotic pairs, the level of N in one twin predicted SLEs and IPR in the co-twin at levels similar to those found for the co-twin's report of N. Repeating these analyses with a prospective subsample produced similar results.Conclusion. An individual's personality in adulthood plays a significant role in influencing exposure to some forms of environmental adversity and this association is not the result of reporting bias. Furthermore, this relationship is largely mediated by a common set of familial factors that predispose both to a ‘difficult’ temperament and to environmental adversity. Developmental models of psychiatric illness should adopt an interactionist view of individuals and their environment (person and environment).

scholarly journals The relationship between menopausal symptoms and burnout. A cross-sectional study among nurses

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Converso ◽  
Sara Viotti ◽  
Ilaria Sottimano ◽  
Barbara Loera ◽  
Giorgia Molinengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Menopausal Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Despite the growing presence of menopausal women in workplaces, studies aimed at exploring the link between menopausal symptoms and job well-being are scarce. In the interest of addressing this gap, the present study aimed to explore whether menopausal symptoms might contribute to increased levels of burnout and whether this relationship can be moderated by social or personal resources. Method The study design was cross-sectional and non-randomized. Ninety-four menopausal nurses completed a self-report questionnaire including scales aimed at measuring menopausal symptoms, burnout, social (i.e., support from superiors and colleagues) and personal (i.e., self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism) resources. Moderated regression analyses were performed to test study hypotheses. Results Whereas menopausal symptoms were associated significantly with emotional exhaustion, no social or personal resources were found to moderate this relationship. Regarding depersonalization, our study indicated that it was affected by menopausal symptoms only among nurses who reported low social support (from superiors and colleagues), optimism, and resilience. Conclusion The present study highlights the importance of organizations that employ a growing number of menopausal women to seek solutions at the individual and social levels that help these women deal with their menopausal transition while working.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Situational Guilt with Conscientious Awareness for Female Students of Kindergarten Department

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-358
Author(s):  
Dr. Wafaa Hasan Issa Al-Fraidawi
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Kindergarten Students ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Psychological Pain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The problem of the current paper arises from the individual’s need to hold himself accountable and reconsider his behaviors or actions when many situations passing him in daily in which he lives and keeps into contact with those around him. This situation is accompanied by either psychological pain or the individual’s feeling of relief, each according to the nature of the personality of this individual and his emotional state. The individual’s feeling of guilt is nothing but a necessity for the individual to discipline himself and address the mistakes and abusive actions in order to stop them once and for all, provided that the situation does not reach the feeling of imaginary guilt, which is considered obstructing his thinking and leads him to give errors greater than their normal size, which is what happens in patients having depression. Al-Ansari’s study (2001) maintained that university students suffer from situational guilt at a rate of (8.9%), while the percentage of university female students reached (17.4%). This gives an indication that female students are more likely to feel situational guilt than male students and that these percentages are serious and cannot be underestimated. Because the kindergarten students are part of the university students, their role as future teachers for an important segment of society is the focus, namely Kindergarten Dept. The kindergarten teacher should be more responsible and more psychologically and emotionally balanced in its dealings with the different situations that it brings together with the child and be alert to the conscience to achieve equality between children, taking into account the individual differences between them, so the problem of the current research was identified by the following question: Is there a relationship between situational guilt and conscientious awareness for kindergarten students? The current research aims to identify the relationship between situational guilt and conscientious awareness among female kindergarten students. The research sample consisted of (300) female students from the Kindergarten Department, and to achieve the goal of the research, two scales were prepared: the Situational Guilt Scale and the Conscientious Awareness Scale for the Kindergarten Department students. Through reviewing the literature and previous studies, the researcher identified (32) items for the Situational Guilt Scale and (24) to measure the final form of conscientious awareness, the validity, and reliability of the two scales were confirmed. After using the statistical methods, the research reached the following results: • The research sample has a high degree of situational guilt. • The research sample has a high degree of conscientious awareness. • There is a high correlation between situational guilt and conscientious awareness among female students of the Kindergarten Department.

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