scholarly journals Evaluation of a marketed polyherbal dewormer against intestinal strongyles in naturally infected donkeys

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Papini ◽  
C. Orsetti ◽  
M. Sgorbini
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Faecal Egg Count

SummaryThe study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available polyherbal dewormer to control intestinal strongyles in naturally infected donkeys. The animals were allotted to two groups: treated with the herbal dewormer (n=8) according to manufacturer recommendations and untreated control group (n=6). Fecal samples were taken from each animal on days 0 (day of treatment), 14, 21 (day of second additional treatment), 35, and 42. Faecal egg count reduction tests showed very negligible or no reduction in number of strongyle eggs for donkeys in the phytotherapeutic treatment group compared to those in the control group. Thus, the herbal dewormer was mostly ineffective in reducing fecal egg counts in donkeys infected with intestinal strongyles. These findings can make equine practitioners aware of possible disadvantages of herbal dewormers.

scholarly journals A controlled study on efficacy and egg reappearance period of Ivermectin in donkeys naturally infected with small strongyles

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
R. A. Papini ◽  
C. Orsetti ◽  
M. Sgorbini
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and the egg reappearance period (ERP) of ivermectin (IVM) in donkeys during a 13-week period. The study involved a total of 14 adult Amiata breed donkeys, 7 – 13 years of age, and naturally infected with small strongyles. A group of 10 donkeys was treated with IVM oral paste at a dose rate of 200 mcg/kg BW. Another group of 4 donkeys was kept as untreated control group. Faecal samples were collected and examined for strongyle eggs on day 0 before treatment. IVM efficacy was based on the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) on day 14 post-treatment. Then individual faecal samples were collected and examined by FECRT at weekly intervals. A FECRT of 100 % was found after treatment with IVM and its ERP, defined as the week when the mean FECRT decreased until to become lower than 90 %efficacy, was estimated to be 11 weeks without signs of developing anthelmintic resistance. No adverse reactions were observed during the study period. Our findings may be useful to veterinary practitioners and breeders as they show that IVM, at the recommended dose rate, can be still considered a highly effective and safe pharmacological tool for the treatment of small strongyles in donkeys. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that all possible strategies are undertaken to avoid the risk of emergence of anthelmintic resistance to IVM in donkeys.

A Combination of Oral Cabergoline and Double Cloprostenol Injections to Produce Third-Quarter Gestation Termination in the Bitch

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanina Corrada ◽  
Raúl Rodríguez ◽  
Mariana Tortora ◽  
Daniel Arias ◽  
Cristina Gobello
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Untreated Control Group

To assess the efficacy and safety of a combined cabergoline and cloprostenol protocol to terminate third-quarter pregnancy, 22 pregnant bitches that ranged from 35 to 45 days after mating were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n=13) or to an untreated control group (n=9). The animals were monitored for 12 days, and pregnancy termination was confirmed by ultrasound examination. Twelve of the 13 treated bitches aborted within 9 days of the initiation of treatment (mean 4.6 days). Only mild side effects were observed. The control animals had normal gestational courses, as did the bitch that did not respond to the therapy. This combination of drugs appeared to be a practical, safe, and efficient abortifacient when used in third-quarter pregnancies.

scholarly journals The efficacy of chloroquine treatment against naturally occuring Giardia duodenalis infection in lambs

2016 ◽  
pp. 5328-5335
Author(s):  
Umit Karademir ◽  
Kerem Ural ◽  
Nuran Aysul ◽  
Adnan Ayan ◽  
Songul Toplu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Chloroquine Treatment ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
Very High

Objective. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of Chloroquine (Cq), an antimalarial medicine, administered at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, orally, during 5 consecutive days, in Sakiz and Merino lambs naturally infected with Giardia duodenalis. Materials and methods. To this extent weaned 10 weeks of aged lambs were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups based on treatment (group C, n=18 lambs treated with Cq) and placebo (group P, n=8 untreated control animals). Diagnosis was based on detection of trophozoit and/or cysts on fecal flotation. Cyst count per gram feces (days 0, 3, 7 and 10) was analyzed among groups. Results. During the trial, regarding the efficacy of Cq on days 3., 7., and 10. There was significant (p<0.01) reduction in cyst excretion; whereas evaluation of mean geometric cyst excretion revealed 100% reduction. Conclusions. There was a very high (100%) reduction in cyst excretion in the Cq treatment group compared to the positive untreated control group on days 3, 7 and 10, resulting in a significant (p<0.001) reduction, making Cq, safety, and thus highly effective treatment option of lambs with naturally occuring giardiasis.Objetivo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la eficacia de la cloroquina, un medicamento contra la malaria, administrado a una dosis de 2.5 mg/kg, por vía oral, durante 5 días consecutivos, en Corderos Sakiz y Merino infectados naturalmente con Giardia duodenalis. Materiales y metodos. En esta medida destetados 10 semanas de edad fueron incluidos y asignados al azar en dos grupos sobre la base del tratamiento (grupo C, n = 18 corderos tratados con cloroquina) y placebo (grupo P, n = 8 animales de control no tratados). El diagnóstico se basa en la detección de trophozoit y/o quistes en la flotación fecal. Quiste recuento por gramo de heces (día 0, 3, 7 y 10) se analizó entre los grupos. Resultados. Respecto a la eficacia de la cloroquina en los días 3, 7 y 10 existió una reducción significativa (p<0.01) en la excreción de quistes; mientras que la evaluación de la media de la excreción Rev.MVZ Córdoba 21(2):5328-5335, 2016. ISSN: 0122-0268 ORIGINAL 5329 de quistes reveló una reducción del 100%. Conclusiones. Durante el estudio hubo una reducción del 100% en la excreción de quistes en el grupo de tratamiento con cloroquina en comparación con el grupo control no tratado positivo en los días 3, 7 y 10, lo que resulta en una disminución significativa (p<0.001) por lo que la cloroquina razonablemente es una opción de tratamiento por el costo, seguridad, y por lo tanto muy eficaz de corderos infectados naturalmente con giardiasis.

scholarly journals Intervensi Berbasis Mindfulness untuk Menurunkan Stres pada Orang Tua

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rahmantika Kurnia Romadhani ◽  
M. Noor Rochman Hadjam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Mindfulness Intervention ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The purpose of this research is to reduce parents’ stress by increasing their mindfulness ability using Mindfulness intervention. Participants in this study consisted of 15 mothers with stress from mild to severe. The design use in this study is quasi experimental design with untreated control group with pretest and postest. The program consists of 8 session intervention. The instruments used in this research are DASS Scale and KIMS scale. Quantitaive analysis was conducted through  statistical test using Mann-Whitney and also qualitative analysist. The result of this study showed that intervention with mindfulness was effective to reduce stress in parents (U=0,000; p<0,001).

scholarly journals Pelatihan “Great Mom Great Children” pada Ibu Muda Jalanan dalam Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1126-1134
Author(s):  
Dessy Pranungsari ◽  
Nissa Tarnoto ◽  
Fatwa Tentama
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design

Anak jalanan perempuan yang memiliki anak di usia muda kurang memiliki pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dalam menstimulasi perkembangan anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan ketrampilan stimulasi perkembangan pada ibu-ibu muda jalanan dengan memberikan perlakuan berupa pelatihan “Great Mom Great Children”. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu merupakan anak jalanan yang tinggal di Yogyakarta, ibu muda yang berusia kurang dari 18 tahun saat memiliki anak, ibu yang memiliki anak atas kehamilan yang tidak dikehendaki, ibu memiliki anak berusia 0-5 tahun (anak usia dini), dan ibu mengasuh anaknya sendiri secara langsung. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan adalah untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan Kuisioner Pra Skrinning Perkembangan (KPSP). Hasil Uji Wilcoxon untuk menguji perbedaan tingkat ketrampilan stimulasi ibu-ibu muda jalanan antara sebelum (pretest) dan sesudah diberi perlakuan (posttest) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan anatara skor pretest dan postest. Hasil Uji Mann Whitney U-test diperoleh hasil rata-rata tingkat ketrampilan stimulasi kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pelatihan “Great Mom Great Children” efektif dalam meningkatkan ketrampilan stimulasi perkembangan anak pada ibu-ibu muda jalanan.

PLACEBO VS NONTREATMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178-1178
Author(s):  
Student
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Nonspecific Effects

We often and wrongly equate the response seen in the placebo arm of a clinical trial with the placebo effect. In order to obtain the true placebo effect, other nonspecific effects can be identified by including an untreated control group in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus anthelmintic resistance in naturally infected sheep from southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
VANDERLEI KLAUCK ◽  
RAFAEL PAZINATO ◽  
LEANDRO S. LOPES ◽  
DIEGO C. CUCCO ◽  
HORACIO L. DE LIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Larval Culture

The anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants is a common problem and concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to verify anthelmintic treatment efficacy in naturally infected sheep. This study was conducted on nine herds that used the same anthelmintic management for over a year. In each farm, the animals were divided into two groups: untreated control group (n = 5) and treated (n = 10) according to the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). The treatment effect was checked based on EPG results and larval culture performed before treatment and 10 days after treatment. Significant differences were not observed (P> 0.05) on EPG results between untreated and treated groups. The coproculture showed that the animals were infected primarily byHaemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp.,Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp. andOesophagostomum spp. In all farms, anthelmintic resistance by genera Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus was found, but this resistance varied greatly between farms.Haemonchus spp. showed resistance to closantel, levamisole, and albendazole. Trichostrongylus spp. was shown to be resistant to closantel, levamisole, and albendazole. The drugs tested showed to be efficient against the genera Teladorsagia,Cooperia, and Oesophagostomum. Based on these results, we conclude that the anthelmintic resistance to the tested drugs is a problem present in the farms evaluated.

scholarly journals Assessment of the insecticidal activity of oral afoxolaner against Phlebotomus perniciosus in dogs

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Nadège Perier ◽  
Wilfried Lebon ◽  
Leon Meyer ◽  
Noua Lekouch ◽  
Nesrine Aouiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Phlebotomus Perniciosus ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Twelve healthy dogs were included in this laboratory efficacy study. Six dogs were randomly allocated based on body weight to an untreated control group and six to an afoxolaner (NexGard®) treated group. In the treatment group, afoxolaner was administered orally on Day 0 in accordance with label instructions. On Days 1, 14 and 28, each dog was exposed to 60 unfed female and 10 male Phlebotomus perniciosus sandflies for 1 h. At the end of each exposure period, sandflies were counted and assessed for viability and feeding status. There was no statistical difference in mortality (0.0–5.4%), nor in feeding proportion (61.6–78%) between the control and the treated groups at all 1-h post-exposure assessments. After collection, live fed and unfed sandflies were kept for viability assessments at 48 and 72 h post-exposure. In the untreated control group, the average percentages of live, fed, female sandflies after exposure, on Days 1, 14 and 28, ranged from 51% to 74% at 48 h and from 46% to 57% at 72 h, demonstrating model robustness over the 28 days of the study. Significantly fewer live fed sandflies were recorded for the afoxolaner treated group (p < 0.01). The insecticidal efficacy was 100%, 95.9% and 75.2% at 48 h post Days 1, 14 and 28 exposures, respectively, and 100%, 100% and 86.3% at 72 h post Days 1, 14, and 28 exposures, respectively. A single administration of oral afoxolaner (NexGard®) to dogs significantly killed P. perniciosus sandflies 48 and 72 h after blood feeding for 1 month.

The predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a biocontrol agent of Eriophyes pyri (Acari: Eriophyidae) on pear

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Praslička ◽  
Janka Schlarmannová ◽  
Barbora Matejovičová ◽  
Ján Tancík
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Other Hand

AbstractThe effectiveness of the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri and of an application of Polysulphide-Ca was compared during 2006–2008. The experiment showed differences in infestation levels of pear leaves caused by Eriophyes pyri. The highest percentage of leaves with symptoms was found in untreated control group (⊘ 20.9%); the lowest percentage was found in plots treated with T. pyri (⊘ 3.7%); and a slightly higher percentage was found in plots treated with Polysulphide-Ca (⊘ 8.6%). During 2006–2008 the percentage of leaves with symptoms was approximately the same only in the untreated control plots (from 20.3% to 21.5%). The percentage of leaves with characteristic symptoms in plots treated with T. pyri decreased from 5.5% in 2006 to 4.3% in 2007, and to 1.3% in 2008. On the other hand, the percentage of leaves with symptoms in plots treated with Polysulphide-Ca increased from 5.5% in 2006 to 8.5% in 2007, and to 11.8% in 2008. The intensity of symptoms on infested leaves was also different depending on treatments and years. The average biological activity was 82.4% in plots receiving releases of T. pyri and 58.8% in plots treated with Polysulphide-Ca.

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