Comparison of in vitro antioxidative activities of crude methanolic extracts of three species of Passiflora from greenhouse using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods

Summary Introduction:. It is well documented that many species from Passifloraceae family can provide edible and nutritious fruits while the leaves of cultivated plants are renewable and waste material. This biomass may be further used in various sectors, especially as a bioactive food additive and as source of innovative pharmaceuticals, cosmetics or feed additives. The biomaterials and green chemistry are new sectors bioeconomy according to the high-level horizontal strategies and bio-based industries in Europe. In recent years, attention has been paid to the biological activity and phytochemical profiles of extracts from different species of Passiflora. However, there is little comparative studies using the same procedures and techniques in the same laboratory conditions for study of plant material obtained from the similar greenhouse conditions. Objective: This study was focused on the examination of antioxidative activities of low concentrations of crude extracts from leaves of Passiflora incarnata L., Passiflora caerulea L., and Passiflora alata Curtis. Methods: The activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Results of study were supported by estimation of chemical composition with secondary metabolites profiling in extracts which were carried out previously for the same extracts from three Passiflora species. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in the antioxidant activity of various concentrations of the extracts using the DPPH and ABTS radical models, and FRAP method. Results: Measurement of antioxidant capacity (expressed as trolox equivalent, TE) showed that the most active was extract of P. caerulea > P. alata > P. incarnata. Phytochemical analysis for extracts of P. caerulea and P. incarnata showed greater similarities in metabolites content than P. alata. However, comparative statistical analysis of antioxidant activity showed that despite this phytochemical similarities, extract from P. alata leaves had higher activities than extract from leaves P. incarnata. Antioxidant effect of extract from P. alata can be explain by terpenoids presented in this extract. In this work, there have been discussed activities against Acanthamoeba castellanii strain, antibacterial and antifungal activities against selected clinical microorganisms (Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, Micro-sporum gypseum), and anti-leukemic activities tested in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines for this extracts, which have been described in previous authors’ publications. Conclusion: Our current and previous studies showed that the same crude extracts from leaves of P. alata, P. caerulea, P. incarnata exerted not only antioxidant potential in vitro but also few interesting properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, amoebostatic, amoebicidal activities, which indicate the possibility of using these extracts in both a healthy diet and natural cosmetics. Leaves of this species may become an interesting source of biomaterials which can exert health-promoting effects.

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Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of different plant parts of Pellacalyx axillaris

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v15n3.1415 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 394-397

Author(s):

Najwa Ahmad Kuthi ◽

Norazah Basar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Study ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Radical Scavenging Assay

Pellacalyx axillaris or locally known as ‘membuloh’ is a mangrove species belonging to the Rhizophoraceae family. Till date, there has been only one phytochemical study found on this particular plant species and that without any documentation on its biological activities. Therefore, the present work aimed to reveal the phytoconstituents and the antioxidant activity of different crude extracts from different plant parts of P. axillaris. Experimentally, three organic solvents of different polarities i.e. n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were used to prepare the crude extracts from the dried leaves, twigs and barks of P. axillaris. The preliminary phytochemical screening of this species indicated the presence of terpenoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinone glycosides and carbohydrates. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the species evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) suggested that the methanolic bark extract contained potential source of natural antioxidants. Further research into isolation of antioxidant compounds from this species is highly recommended.

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Papaver Decaisnei: GC-MS Alkaloids Profiling, in Vitro Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activity

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1207324/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Aj.Jabbar ◽

Fuad Othman Abdullah ◽

Kamaran Kaiani Abdulrahman ◽

yaseen Galali ◽

Abdullah Sh. Sardar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Mcf 7

Abstract The Papaver L. plant have been well known as a source of pharmaceutically valuable alkaloids (noscapine, thebaine, codeine, roemerine, papaverine and morphine). The current study investigates the phytochemical, in-vitro antioxidant, and anticancer activities of papaver decaisnei, an endemic plant species to the flora of Kurdistan-Iraq. The chemical analysis of the methanolic (MeOH) extracts of flowers, leaves, and roots of papaver decaisnei were made by using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS), and the antioxidant activity evaluation done by radical scavenging [on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2j-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)], and reducing power [cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] assays. The anticancer actions were presented as IC50 (inhibitory concentration at 50%) on human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), mammary cancer cells (MCF-7), and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed 17, 19, and 22 chemical compounds for flowers, leaves, and roots of P. decaisnei, respectively. The prevalent organic compounds of P. decaisnei were alkaloids, phenolics, fatty acids, esters, and phytosterols, namely Roemerine (70.44%), Decarbomethoxytabersonine, 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol, Hexadecanoic acid, 6,8-Dioxa-3-thiabicyclo(3,2,1)octane 3,3-dioxide, and γ-Sitosterol. The antioxidant activity of plant organ extracts was within 39.1-143.5 μg/ml for DPPH and 123.12-276.4 μg/ml for ABTS assays, while, the FRAP and CUPRAC values ranged within 12.4- 34.3 and 42.6-75.8 μg/ml, respectively. The anticancer action of P.decaisnei organ extracts was found against all tested human cell lines (Caco-2, MCF-7, HeLa) with inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values between 125.3-388.4 μg/ml. The presented data on alkaloid contents and biological activity of P. decaisnei can serve a ground knowledge for the future biomedical synthesis and cancer research projects.

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Assessment of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of crude extracts of verbena officinalis Linn root or Atuch (Amharic)

10.31221/osf.io/pzh3s ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chem Int

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Root Extract ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Crude Extracts

Verbena officinalis Linn is a traditionally known medicinal plant which is used against a number of diseases including inflammatory conditions. In this study its antioxidant activity (reducing powers, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities), ferric reduction activity potential (FRAP), total flavonoid concentration and antimicrobial activities of 80%, 90%, 100% methanol and chloroform extracts of V. officinalis Linn root and 90% and100% methanol leaf extracts were determined. Its antioxidant activity increases with increase in amount of extract (10% to 40%v/v). Total flavonoid content (TFC) varied from 73.32±0.002 mgQE/100g of dry weight (90% methanol) to 42.39±0.032 mgQE/100g dry weight (chloroform), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), radical scavenging activity (%) was varied between 87.39% (90% methanol) to 45.57% (chloroform) while Ferric reducing antioxidant power was observed between 372.93±0.04 mgAAE/100 g extract (90% methanol) to 129.41±0.026 mgAAE/100 g chloroform in the root extract. The methanolic extract of the leaf showed less antioxidant activity than the methanolic extract of the root. Crude extracts of V. officinalis root showed various degree of antimicrobial activity towards drug resistance microbial pathogens. Growth inhibition tests against bacterial pathogens demonstrated concentration dependence. Moreover, gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to V. officinalis root extract when compared to gram negative bacteria. In general V. officinalis root and leave extracts possess strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

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Synthesis and antioxidant activity of new selenium-containing quinolines

Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573406416666200403081831 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benedetta Bocchini ◽

Bruna Goldani ◽

Fernanda S.S. Sousa ◽

Paloma T. Birmann ◽

Cesar A. Brüning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Antioxidant Agents

Background: Quinoline derivatives have been attracted much attention in drug discovery and synthetic derivatives of these scaffolds present a range of pharmacological activities. Therefore, organoselenium compounds are valuable scaffolds in organic synthesis because their pharmacological activities and their use as versatile building blocks for regio-, chemio-and stereoselective reactions. Thus, the synthesis of selenium-containing quinolines has great significance, and their applicability range from simple antioxidant agents, to selective DNA-binding and photocleaving agents. Objective: In the present study we describe the synthesis and antioxidant activity in vitro of new 7-chloroN(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amines 5 by the reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline 4 with (arylselanyl)-amines 3. Methods: For the synthesis of 7-chloro-N(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amines 5, we performed the reaction of (arylselanyl)- amines 3 with 4,7-dichloroquinoline 4 in the presence of Et3N at 120 °C in a sealed tube. The antioxidant activities of the compounds 5 were evaluated by the following in vitro assays: 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO) scavenging and superoxide dismutase-like activity (SOD-Like). Results: 7-Chloro-N(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amines 5a-d has been synthesized in yields ranging from 68% to 82% by the reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline 4 with arylselanyl-amines 3a-d using Et3N as base, at 120 °C, in a sealed tube for 24 hours and tolerates different substituents, such as -OMe and -Cl, in the arylselanyl moiety. The obtained compounds 5a-d presented significant results with respect to the antioxidant potential, which had effect in the tests of inhibition of radical’s DPPH, ABTS+ and NO, as well as in the test that evaluates the capacity (FRAP) and in the superoxide dismutase-like activity assay (SOD-Like). It is worth mentioning that 7-chloro-N(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amine 5b presented excellent results, demonstrating a better antioxidant capacity when compared to the others. Conclusion: According to the obtained results 7-chloro-N(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amines 5 were synthesized in good yields by the reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline with arylselanyl-amines and tolerates different substituents in the arylselanyl moiety. The tested compounds presented significant antioxidant potential in the tests of inhibition of DPPH, ABTS+ and NO radicals, as well as in the FRAP and superoxide dismutase-like activity assays (SOD-Like).

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Inhibitory Effect of Antidesma bunius Fruit Extract on Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes Activity and Protein Glycation In Vitro

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Pattamaporn Aksornchu ◽

Netima Chamnansilpa ◽

Sirichai Adisakwattana ◽

Thavaree Thilavech ◽

Charoonsri Choosak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Protein Glycation ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ic50 Values

Antidesma bunius (L.) spreng (Mamao) is widely distributed in Northeastern Thailand. Antidesma bunius has been reported to contain anthocyanins, which possess antioxidant and antihypertensive actions. However, the antidiabetic and antiglycation activity of Antidesma bunius fruit extract has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of anthocyanin-enriched fraction of Antidesma bunius fruit extract (ABE) against pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase (maltase and sucrase), protein glycation, as well as antioxidant activity. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) chromatogram revealed that ABE contained phytochemical compounds such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, ellagic acid, and myricetin-3-galactoside. ABE inhibited intestinal maltase and sucrase activity with the IC50 values of 0.76 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 1.33 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, ABE (0.25 mg/mL) reduced the formation of fluorescent AGEs and the level of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (Nε-CML) in fructose and glucose-induced protein glycation during four weeks of incubation. During the glycation process, the protein carbonyl and β-amyloid cross structure were decreased by ABE (0.25 mg/mL). In addition, ABE exhibited antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging activity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) with the IC50 values 15.84 ± 0.06 µg/mL and 166.1 ± 2.40 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) showed an EC50 value of 182.22 ± 0.64 µg/mL. The findings suggest that ABE may be a promising agent for inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzyme activity, reducing monosaccharide-induced protein glycation, and antioxidant activity.

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Comparative Evaluation of Argania spinosa and Olea europaea Leaf Phenolic Compounds and their Antioxidant Activity

Botanica ◽

10.2478/botlit-2020-0007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 76-87

Author(s):

Aziza Lfitat ◽

Hind Zejli ◽

Abdelkamel Bousselham ◽

Yassine El Atki ◽

Badiaa Lyoussi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Olive Leaves ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Total Flavonoids Content

AbstractWe conducted this study to determine and compare the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the argan and olive leaves as well as their antioxidant capacity in aqueous, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracted fractions. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated in comparison with synthetic antioxidants by assessing DPPH• radical scavenging capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, scavenging ability by inhibiting the β-carotene/linoleic acid emulsion oxidation, and by the ABTS radical scavenging activity assay. Total phenolic content in argan samples ranged from 221.69 ± 2.07 to 1.32 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW and in olive samples from 144.61 ± 0.82 to 1.21 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g DW. Total flavonoids content in argan samples varied from 267.37 ± 1.12 to 25.48 ± 0.02 mg QE/g DW, while in olives from 96.06 ± 0.78 to 10.63 ± 0.05 mg QE/g DW. In vitro antioxidant studies strongly confirmed the antioxidant potency of argan and olive leaves and their richness in secondary metabolites that are effective in free radicals scavenging and metal chelating capacities, indicating their antioxidant power.

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Comparing Nutritional Quality, Antioxidant, and Antiulcer Activity of Two Amaranthaceae Plants: Achyranthes aspera and Amaranthus spinosus

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.19:493-500 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 493-500

Author(s):

Adebimpe Esther Ofusori ◽

Roshila Moodley ◽

Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Antiulcer Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Pheophytin A ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Achyranthes Aspera ◽

Amaranthus Spinosus

Achyranthes aspera and Amaranthus spinosus are species of medicinal plants from the Amaranthaceae family, used to treat wounds, asthma, malaria, gonorrhea, burns, and diabetes. In this study, the nutritional value and phytochemical constituents in A. aspera and A. spinosus were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry and column chromatography, respectively. The antiulcer activity was determined using the α-chymotrypsin assay while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and phosphomolybdate assay. The results showed leaves of A. spinosus to contribute between 43.4% and 97.8% toward the recommended dietary allowance for iron; therefore, it is recommended for consumption by patients suffering from chronic anemia. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead were not detected in the leaves of the two species giving credence to their use as nutraceuticals in South Africa while the concentration of cobalt, nickel, and selenium were below the detection limit of the instrument. The phytochemical analysis resulted in the isolation of oleanolic acid, lutein, pheophytin a, and chondrillasterol glucoside. The antioxidant activity was high for lutein, ethyl acetate extract from A. aspera, chondrillasterol glucoside, and the methanol extract from A. spinosus, relative to the control. The antiulcer activity using the α-chymotrypsin inhibition assay showed lutein to have maximum chymotrypsin inhibitory activity. Findings from this study show lutein, pheophytin a, chondrillasterol, and its derivatives to serve as potential taxonomic markers for species in the Amaranthaceae family.

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In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potentials of Syzygium caryophyllatum L. Alston

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/9529042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Herath Pathiranage Thathmi Wathsara ◽

Hasitha Dhananjaya Weeratunge ◽

Mohamed Naeem Ahammadu Mubarak ◽

Pahan Indika Godakumbura ◽

Pathmasiri Ranasinghe

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Mass Spectrometry Data ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Syzygium caryophyllatum L. Alston (Family: Myrtaceae, Sinhala: Heendan) is a red-listed plant that has been used in traditional medicine in Sri Lanka for the treatment of diabetes, but it is yet to be exploited for its potential uses as a functional food or a source of supplements. The present study focused on the evaluation of antidiabetic property of S. caryophyllatum fruits and leaves assessing antioxidant, antiglycation, and antiamylase activities and functional mineral element composition. The crude extracts (CR) of leaves and fruits were fractionated into hexane (Hex) ethyl acetate (EA) and aqueous (AQ) and evaluated for bioactivities along with the crude extracts. The isolated fraction (C3) of Hex fraction of fruit showed significantly high (p<0.05) antiamylase activity with IC50 value 2.27 ± 1.81 μg/mL where the Hex fraction of fruits exhibited the IC50 value as 47.20 ± 0.3 μg/mL which was higher than acarbose (IC50: 87.96 ± 1.43 μg/mL). The EA fraction of leaves showed highest values for DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Significantly high (p<0.05) ABTS radical scavenging activity and iron chelating activity were observed in Hex fraction of fruit. The composition of volatiles in leaf oil was studied with GC-MS, and 58 compounds were identified. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry data revealed the presence of biologically significant trace elements such as Fe, Zn, Mg, Cu, Se, and Sr in leaves and fruits. It is concluded that the Hex fraction of S. caryophyllatum fruits will be a good source for the formulation of supplements for diabetic management with further evaluation of potency and efficacy.

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Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Aristolochia longa Extracts

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/7384735 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nasreddine El Omari ◽

Karima Sayah ◽

Saad Fettach ◽

Omar El Blidi ◽

Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Therapeutic Tools

Oxidative stress plays a major role in diabetic physiopathology; hence, the interest of using natural antioxidants as therapeutic tools exists. The aim of this study was the evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential of organic extracts from Aristolochia longa roots against key enzymes linked to hyperglycemia. Antioxidant activity was performed using 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The α-Glucosidase and β-Galactosidase inhibitory activities were investigated using an in vitro model. Moreover, phytochemical analysis of tested extracts was carried out. The aqueous fraction of this herb exhibited the highest antioxidant activity for both DPPH and ABTS methods, IC50=125.40±2.40 μg/mL and IC50=65.23±2.49 μg/mL, respectively. However, the ethyl acetate fraction possessed the strongest inhibitory effect towards α-Glucosidase (IC50=1.112±0.026 mg/mL). Furthermore, the result showed high levels of phenolic content. The results showed that this plant could be a significant source of medically important natural compounds.

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Concept of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Perspectives of Ayurveda and Modern Science

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research ◽

10.25258/phyto.v9i10.10462 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Patel M G. ◽

Prajapati D. P.

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Fluorescence Intensity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Modern Science ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Protein Glycation ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Nitric Oxide Radical

Non enzymatic glycation is a chain reaction between reducing sugars and the free amino groups of proteins, involved in severity of diabetes and diabetic complications. Litchi chinensis used as consumed fruit and as a drug to treat certain diseases. In this study the antioxidative effects of L.chinensis and also its effect against protein oxidation and advanced glycation end products. The antioxidant potential of aqueous fruit pericarp extract of L.chinensis (APLC) was evaluated in vitro using a model of fructose-mediated protein glycation. The antioxidant activity of APLC conducted for superoxide, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide radical scavenging activities and also demonstrated antioxidant activity with Fe+2 chelating activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were applied. Fructose (100mM) increased fluorescence intensity of glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA) in terms of total AGEs during 21 days of exposure. Moreover, fructose caused more protein carbonyl (PCO) formation in native BSA. The APLC prevents oxidative protein damages including effect on PCO formation which are believed to form under the glycoxidation process. The APLC at different concentrations (25-250µg/ml) has significantly decreased the formation of AGEs in term of the fluorescence intensity of glycated BSA.

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