Acute Effects of a Static vs. a Dynamic Stretching Warm-up on Repeated-Sprint Performance in Female Handball Players

AbstractThis randomized cross-over study examined the effects of typical static and dynamic stretching warm-up protocols on repeated-sprint performance. Thirteen young female handball players performed a 5 min aerobic warm-up followed by one of three stretching protocols for the lower limbs: (1) static stretching, (2) dynamic-ballistic stretching, and (3) no stretching before performing five all-out sprints on a cycle ergometer. Each protocol was performed on a different occasion, separated by 2-3 days. Range of movement (ROM) was also measured before and after the warm-up protocols with a sit-and-reach test. Fixed and random effects of each stretching protocol on repeated sprint performance were estimated with mixed linear modeling and data were evaluated via standardization and magnitude-based inferences. In comparison to no stretching, there were small increases in ROM after dynamic stretching (12.7%, ±0.7%; mean, ±90% confidence limits) and static stretching (19.2%, ±0.9%). There were small increases in the average power across all sprints with dynamic stretching relative to static stretching (3.3%, ±2.4%) and no stretching (3.0%, ±2.4%) and trivial to small increases in the average power in the 1st and 5th trials with dynamic stretching compared to static stretching (3.9%, ±2.6%; 2.6%, ±2.6%, respectively) and no stretching (2.0%, ±2.7%; 4.1%, ±2.8%, respectively). There were also trivial and small decreases in power across all sprints with static relative to dynamic stretching (-1.3%, ±2.8%) and no stretching (-3.5%, ±2.9%). Dynamic stretching improved repeated-sprint performance to a greater extent than static stretching and no stretching.

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Complementing Warm-up with Stretching Routines: Effects in Sprint Performance

Sports Medicine International Open ◽

10.1055/s-0043-111788 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 01 (03) ◽

pp. E101-E106 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Daniel Marinho ◽

Maria Gil ◽

Mario Cardoso Marques ◽

Tiago Barbosa ◽

Henrique Neiva

Keyword(s):

Time Trial ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Tympanic Temperature ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Warm Up ◽

Dynamic Stretching ◽

College Age ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

The Common

AbstactThe present study aimed to examine the effects of using static or dynamic stretching added to the common warm-up routine for short sprint distances and to repeated sprint performance. In 3 different sessions, 16 college-age men (n=10) and women (n=6) performed one of 3 warm-ups followed by a 2×60 m dash sprint time trial (5 min of rest) in a counterbalanced design. The control warm-up consisted of 10 min of light-intensity running, and the 2 experimental warm-ups included a static or dynamic stretching routine (5 exercises) in the control warm-up. Performance (time) and physiological variables (tympanic temperature, heart rate) were monitored. In the first 60 m time trial, there were no differences between the 3 warm-ups tested (F=0.21, p=0.73; ηp 2=0.01), as opposed to that observed in the second (F=7.04, p<0.01; ηp 2=0.32). The participants were 1.7% faster after the static stretching warm-up compared with the control warm-up. The sum of the time performed in the 2 sprints emphasizes these results, with better performances after the static stretching warm-up than the control (1%) or dynamic stretching warm-up (0.7%). These results suggest that including a set of static or dynamic stretching exercises may enhance sprinting performance. The better performance in the second trial after the warm-up including static stretching suggests that this type of stretching may positively influence repeated sprint performance (<10 s sprint).

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Effects of Static Stretching in Warm-Up on Repeated Sprint Performance

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b438f3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 2155-2162 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Aaron Y Sim ◽

Brian T Dawson ◽

Kym J Guelfi ◽

Karen E Wallman ◽

Warren B Young

Keyword(s):

Sprint Performance ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Warm Up ◽

Repeated Sprint

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Effects of static stretching in warm-up on repeated sprint performance

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport ◽

10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.141 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. S60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Dawson ◽

A. Sim ◽

K. Wallman ◽

K. Guelfi ◽

W. Young

Keyword(s):

Sprint Performance ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Warm Up ◽

Repeated Sprint

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The Acute Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching on Tennis Serve Targeting Performance

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v7i4.4058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Bulent Turna ◽

Asuman Sahan ◽

Bahar Yilmaz

Keyword(s):

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Warm Up ◽

Dynamic Stretching ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Tennis Serve ◽

Playing Time ◽

Homogeneous Data ◽

Stretching Exercises

The study investigates the acute effects of dynamic and static stretching on the tennis serve targeting performance of amateur tennis players. Twenty male athletes who were between the ages of 16-24 years and played tennis for at least 1 year (21.40±2.16 years, 181±0.06 cm, 71.85±7.42 kg, tennis playing time 1.55±0.88 years) voluntarily participated in the study.Prior to the pre-tests and after applying the traditional warm-up protocol, serve targeting test (STT) was applied to all participants. In the post-tests, STT was used after applying three different warm-up methods on three different days (48-hour rest interval). The warm-up stages included No Treatment (NT) (jogging, rally), Static Stretching (SS) and Dynamic Stretching (DS).In the statistical analysis, the homogeneity of the data was investigated using the Shapiro Wilk test. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the non-homogeneous data; Friedman test was used to compare the three different stretching methods with each other; in the paired comparisons of the groups, the paired samples t-test was used for the homogenous data and Wilcoxon test was used for the non-homogeneous data. In conclusion, stretching exercises before serving increased the serve targeting performance and the increase in the dynamic stretching exercises was higher than that in static stretching exercises.

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Static and Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Gymnasts’ Speed in Vaulting

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.15.4.383 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 383-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Theophanis Siatras ◽

Georgios Papadopoulos ◽

Dimitra Mameletzi ◽

Vasilios Gerodimos ◽

Spiros Kellis

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Warm Up ◽

Dynamic Stretching ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Stretching Effect ◽

Stretching Exercises

Although warm-up and stretching exercises are routinely performed by gymnasts, it is suggested that stretching immediately prior to an activity might affect negatively the athletic performance. The focus of this investigation was on the acute effect of a protocol, including warm-up and static and dynamic stretching exercises, on speed during vaulting in gymnastics. Eleven boys were asked to perform three different protocols consisting of warm-up, warm-up and static stretching and warm-up and dynamic stretching, on three nonconsecutive days. Each protocol was followed by a “handspring” vault. One-way analysis of variance for repeated-measures showed a significant difference in gymnasts’ speed, following the different protocols. Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed that gymnasts mean speed during the run of vault was significantly decreased after the application of the static stretching protocol. The findings of the present study indicate the inhibitory role of an acute static stretching in running speed in young gymnasts.

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The Acute Effects of Foam Rolling and Dynamic Stretching on Athletic Performance: A Critically Appraised Topic

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2020-0059 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Bethany L. Anderson ◽

Rod A. Harter ◽

James L. Farnsworth

Keyword(s):

Athletic Performance ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Warm Up ◽

Dynamic Stretching ◽

Foam Rolling ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

And Performance

Clinical Scenario: Dynamic stretching and foam rolling are commonly used by athletes to reduce injury and enhance recovery, thereby improving athletic performance. In contrast to dynamic stretching, little research has been conducted on the acute effects of foam rolling as part of the preexercise warm-up routine. Previously, when researchers implemented foam rolling with static stretching as a warm-up, some found that foam rolling slightly improved flexibility and performance outcomes. More recent research has shown that dynamic stretching is favorable to static stretching when used as a warm-up strategy. Therefore, adding foam rolling to dynamic stretching is hypothesized to create more significant improvements in flexibility and performance compared with adding foam rolling to static stretching. Focused Clinical Question: In active individuals, does foam rolling in addition to dynamic stretching lead to enhanced performance compared with dynamic stretching alone? Summary of Key Findings: Four randomized controlled trials were included. Two studies concluded that the addition of foam rolling to dynamic stretching increased vertical jump height more than dynamic stretching alone, while 2 studies found no difference between these treatment groups. Two studies concluded that the addition of foam rolling increased agility performance compared with dynamic stretching alone, while one study found no difference between treatment groups and one study did not measure agility. All 4 studies reviewed concluded that foam rolling did not improve flexibility more than dynamic stretching alone. Clinical Bottom Line: Foam rolling in conjunction with dynamic stretching may further improve an athlete’s agility and power output; however, little improvement has been observed with foam rolling in regard to athlete flexibility when compared with completing dynamic stretching programs alone. Strength of Recommendation: Inconsistent findings from 4 randomized controlled trials suggest there is Grade C evidence to support the inclusion of foam rolling in a dynamic warm-up.

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A High-Intensity Warm-Up Increases Thermal Strain But Does Not Affect Repeated Sprint Performance in Athletes With a Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2021-0073 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Thomas J. O’Brien ◽

Simon J. Briley ◽

Barry S. Mason ◽

Christof A. Leicht ◽

Keith Tolfrey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Thermal Sensation ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Thermal Strain ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Warm Up ◽

Performance Variables ◽

Wheelchair Rugby ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Cord Injury

Purpose: To compare the effects of typical competition versus high-intensity intermittent warm-up (WU) on thermoregulatory responses and repeated sprint performance during wheelchair rugby game play. Methods: An intermittent sprint protocol (ISP) simulating the demands of wheelchair rugby was performed by male wheelchair rugby players (7 with cervical spinal cord injury [SCI] and 8 without SCI) following 2 WU protocols. These included a typical competition WU (control) and a WU consisting of high-intensity efforts (INT). Core temperature (Tcore), thermal sensation, and thermal comfort were recorded. Wheelchair performance variables associated to power, speed, and fatigue were also calculated. Results: During the WU, Tcore was similar between conditions for both groups. During the ISP, a higher Tcore was found for SCI compared to NON-SCI (38.1 [0.3] vs 37.7 [0.3] °C: P = .036, d = 0.75), and the SCI group experienced a higher peak Tcore for INT compared with control (39.0 [0.4] vs 38.6 [0.6] °C; P = .004). Peak Tcore occurred later in the ISP for players with SCI (96 [5.8] vs 48 [2.7] min; P < .001). All players reported a higher thermal sensation and thermal comfort following INT (P < .001), with no differences between conditions throughout the ISP. No significant differences were found in wheelchair performance variables during the ISP between conditions (P ≥ .143). Conclusions: The high-INT WU increased thermal strain in the SCI group during the ISP, potentially due to increased metabolic heat production and impaired thermoregulation, while not impacting on repeated sprint performance. It may be advisable to limit high-INT bouts during a WU in players with SCI to mitigate issues related to hyperthermia in subsequent performance.

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