Static and Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Gymnasts’ Speed in Vaulting

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theophanis Siatras ◽  
Georgios Papadopoulos ◽  
Dimitra Mameletzi ◽  
Vasilios Gerodimos ◽  
Spiros Kellis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Stretching Effect ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Although warm-up and stretching exercises are routinely performed by gymnasts, it is suggested that stretching immediately prior to an activity might affect negatively the athletic performance. The focus of this investigation was on the acute effect of a protocol, including warm-up and static and dynamic stretching exercises, on speed during vaulting in gymnastics. Eleven boys were asked to perform three different protocols consisting of warm-up, warm-up and static stretching and warm-up and dynamic stretching, on three nonconsecutive days. Each protocol was followed by a “handspring” vault. One-way analysis of variance for repeated-measures showed a significant difference in gymnasts’ speed, following the different protocols. Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed that gymnasts mean speed during the run of vault was significantly decreased after the application of the static stretching protocol. The findings of the present study indicate the inhibitory role of an acute static stretching in running speed in young gymnasts.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Warm-Up Protocols on Jump Performance in College Football Players

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Pagaduan ◽  
Haris Pojskić ◽  
Edin Užičanin ◽  
Fuad Babajić
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Height ◽  
College Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of warm-up strategies on countermovement jump performance. Twenty-nine male college football players (age: 19.4 ± 1.1 years; body height: 179.0 ± 5.1 cm; body mass: 73.1 ± 8.0 kg; % body fat: 11.1 ± 2.7) from the Tuzla University underwent a control (no warm-up) and different warm-up conditions: 1. general warm-up; 2. general warm-up with dynamic stretching; 3. general warm-up, dynamic stretching and passive stretching; 4. passive static stretching; 5. passive static stretching and general warm-up; and, 6. passive static stretching, general warm-up and dynamic stretching. Countermovement jump performance was measured after each intervention or control. Results from one way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference on warm-up strategies at F (4.07, 113.86) = 69.56, p < 0.001, eta squared = 0.72. Bonferonni post hoc revealed that a general warm-up and a general warm-up with dynamic stretching posted the greatest gains among all interventions. On the other hand, no warm-up and passive static stretching displayed the least results in countermovement jump performance. In conclusion, countermovement jump performance preceded by a general warmup or a general warm-up with dynamic stretching posted superior gains in countermovement jump performance.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching on Tennis Serve Targeting Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Bulent Turna ◽  
Asuman Sahan ◽  
Bahar Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Homogeneous Data ◽  
Stretching Exercises

The study investigates the acute effects of dynamic and static stretching on the tennis serve targeting performance of amateur tennis players. Twenty male athletes who were between the ages of 16-24 years and played tennis for at least 1 year (21.40±2.16 years, 181±0.06 cm, 71.85±7.42 kg, tennis playing time 1.55±0.88 years) voluntarily participated in the study.Prior to the pre-tests and after applying the traditional warm-up protocol, serve targeting test (STT) was applied to all participants. In the post-tests, STT was used after applying three different warm-up methods on three different days (48-hour rest interval). The warm-up stages included No Treatment (NT) (jogging, rally), Static Stretching (SS) and Dynamic Stretching (DS).In the statistical analysis, the homogeneity of the data was investigated using the Shapiro Wilk test. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the non-homogeneous data; Friedman test was used to compare the three different stretching methods with each other; in the paired comparisons of the groups, the paired samples t-test was used for the homogenous data and Wilcoxon test was used for the non-homogeneous data. In conclusion, stretching exercises before serving increased the serve targeting performance and the increase in the dynamic stretching exercises was higher than that in static stretching exercises.

scholarly journals Acute Effects Of Different Stretching Durations on Vertical Jump Performance in Rhythmic Gymnasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (82) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuriye Özengin ◽  
Necmiye Ün Yıldırım ◽  
Gül Baltacı ◽  
Nerijus Masiulis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Research background. Stretching is believed to enhance performance, reduce injury, and be an effective means of developing flexibility and alleviating muscular soreness (Shellock, Prentice, 1985; Brandy et al., 1997). A review of the current literature shows that the results of many studies conflict with others; some report that static stretching diminishes vertical jum (VJ) performance (Cornwell et al., 2001; McNeal, Sands, 2003; Wallmann et al., 2005), whereas others report that static stretching has no effect at all on VJ (Church et al., 2001; Power et al., 2004; Unick et al., 2005). Research aim, was to examine the effects of different durations of stretching on performance and to find the stretching durations that affect the performance negatively or positively. Research methods. The subjects of the study were 27 rhythmic gymnasts with the mean age of 10.00 ± 1.2 years. The subjects as a whole group participated in two different stretching programs on nonconsecutive days to eliminate the effect of individual differences on the performance. On the first day, athletes were asked to warm up by 5 minute jogging after the pretest was administered. The posttest measured the vertical jump performance after athletes stayed inactive for 20 minutes. They rested for a day and on the third day, their performance was measured again. After the 5 minute warm-up period, 10 repetitions of 15 seconds static stretching exercises for hip flexor, hamstring and gastrocnemius muscle groups were followed by the posttest. Moreover, on the fifth day 30-second exercises were repeated five times on the same type of muscles. The participants in this investigation were tested in individual vertical jump performances following warm-up only, warm-up plus 15 seconds static stretching, and warm-up plus 30 seconds. Research results. Results of a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a nonsignificant difference for vertical jump performance (F = 2.052; p > 0.05). Discussion and conclusions. Stretching exercises are referred in rhythmic gymnastics more intensively than other sports. Relevant literature displays fewer stretching repetitions and durations. These durations and repetitions may not be realistic and practical for rhythmic gymnasts. Therefore, the durations and repetitions utilized in this study are considered more appropriate for rhythmic gymnastics trainings. Rhythmic gymnasts may make use of duration and repetitions determined in this study that will not affect their performance.Keywords: anaerobic power, gymnastics, exercise.

scholarly journals Dynamic Balance in Athletes With Intellectual Disability: Effect of Dynamic Stretching and Plyometric Warm-Ups

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ghada Jouira ◽  
Selim Srihi ◽  
Fatma Ben Waer ◽  
Haithem Rebai ◽  
Sonia Sahli
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Composite Scores

Context: Athletes with intellectual disability (ID) have a high risk of injury while participating in various sports. Warm-up (WU) is the most preventive measure to reduce injuries in sports. Objective: To investigate the effects of dynamic stretching WU (DS-WU) and plyometric WU (PL-WU) on dynamic balance in athletes with ID. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: A total of 12 athletes with ID (age 24.5 [3.22] y, height 165.7 [8.4] cm, weight 61.5 [7.1] kg, intelligence quotient 61.1 [3.5]). Main Outcome Measures: Dynamic balance was assessed using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) at pre-WU, post-WU, and 15 minutes post-WU for both the DS-WU and the PL-WU. A 2-way analysis of variance (3 sessions × 2 WU methods) with repeated-measures was used in this study. Results: Following the DS-WU, participants demonstrated significant improvements in the SEBT composite score post-WU (89.12% [5.54%] vs 87.04% [5.35%]; P < .01) and at 15 minutes post-WU (89.55% [5.28%] vs 87.04%, P < .01) compared with pre-WU. However, no significant difference between these two post-WU scores (post-WU and 15 min post-WU) was found. For the PL-WU, participants demonstrated a significant decrease in the SEBT composite score at post-WU (85.95% [5.49%] vs 87.02% [5.73%]; P < .05); however, these scores increased significantly at 15 minutes post-WU (88.60% [5.42%] vs 87.02% [5.49%]; P < .05) compared with that at pre-WU. The SEBT composite scores are significantly higher in the DS-WU than in the PL-WU at both post-WU sessions (P < .05). Conclusion: Both DS-WU and PL-WU could improve dynamic balance and may be recommended as WUs in athletes with ID; however, particular caution should be exercised immediately after the PL-WU.

scholarly journals Examination of basic motoric characteristics with different stretching exercises in football playersGenç basketbolcularda statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin bazı fiziksel parametrelere etkisi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Murat Akyüz ◽  
Murat Özmaden ◽  
Yeliz Doğru ◽  
Evren Karademir ◽  
Yeşim Aydın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Stretching Exercises

This study was conducted to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching exercises on strength, flexibility, speed and balance in young basketball players. 10 volunteers from the 16 year old male basketball team of Pınar Karsiyaka Sports Club participated in the study. The average age of the athletes is 16 ± 0,0 (year) and the average of the height is 188 ± 0,08 (cm). The study consists of three parts. On the first day, dynamic stretching exercises were performed on the second day and static stretching exercises and performance tests were performed on the third day without performing any exercise. Applied performance tests were hand grip strength, back-leg strength, sit-in flexibility test, 20 m. Sprint test and flamingo balance test. The obtained data were analyzed with the variance analysis (ANOVA test) in the repeated measures using the SPSS 23.0 package program. As a result of the study, the flexibility of the static and dynamic stretching exercises in the data obtained, the difference in the left handed claw strength and the speed of the dynamic stretching exercises were significant (p <0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was found between static and dynamic stretching exercises and back leg strength and balance (p> 0.05). As a result, it can be said that static and dynamic stretching exercises have a positive effect on flexibility, strength and speed. ÖzetBu çalışma genç basketbolcularda statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin kuvvet, esneklik, sürat ve denge üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya Pınar Karşıyaka Spor Kulübünün 16 yaş erkek basketbol takımından 10 gönüllü katılmıştır. Sporcuların yaş ortalamaları 16±0,0 (yıl), boy ortalamaları 188±0,08 (cm)’dir. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci gün herhangi bir egzersiz uygulanmadan, ikinci gün dinamik germe egzersizleri ve üçüncü gün statik germe egzersizleri ile performans testleri uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan performans testleri sırasıyla el kavrama kuvveti, sırt-bacak kuvveti, otur-eriş esneklik testi, 20 m. sprint testi ve flamingo denge testinden oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 paket programı kullanılarak tekrarlı ölçümlerde Varyans Analizi (Anova Testi) ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilerde statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin esnekliğe, dinamik germe egzersizlerinin sol el pençe kuvveti ve sürat üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık meydana gelmiştir (p<0.05). Diğer yandan, statik ve dinamik germe egzersizleri ile sırt bacak kuvveti ve denge üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin esneklik, kuvvet ve sürat üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu söylenebilir.

scholarly journals Efectos agudos de distintas estrategias de calentamiento sobre el rendimiento físico y las habilidades motrices en escolares (Acute effects of different warm-up strategies on physical performance and motor skills in schoolchildren)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez-Álvarez ◽  
Alexander Schweppe-Villa ◽  
Aarón Parra-Gatica ◽  
Falú Cid-Rojas ◽  
Gustavo Pavez-Adasme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

  El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar los efectos de distintos tipos de calentamientos aplicados en escolares sobre la calidad de movimiento de las habilidades motrices y el rendimiento de salto y carrera. La metodología utilizada fue a partir de un diseño estudio cruzado aleatorizado (n=27 escolares), que incluyó tres condiciones experimentales para valorar el efecto agudo de distintos tipos de calentamiento (tradicional, basado en juegos adaptados reducidos y FIFA 11+) sobre el salto vertical, sprint en 20 metros y habilidades motoras de locomoción y control de objetos en niños y niñas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y comparativa a través de ANOVA de medidas repetidas y Friedman con sus pruebas post-hoc según corresponda. Los resultados muestran que todos los tipos de calentamiento mostraron diferencias significativas en sprint, salto vertical y habilidades motoras, respecto al a la condición control sin calentamiento. El calentamiento basado en juegos adaptados reducidos presentó efectos superiores que las otras modalidades en las habilidades motoras de locomoción (p< .05). Las comparaciones entre calentamientos mostraron que la intervención basada en FIFA 11+ mostró ser más eficaz en reducir el tiempo de sprint en 20 metros y aumentar la altura del salto vertical (p< .05). En conclusión, este estudio sugiere que, la selección de una estrategia adecuada basada en una diversidad de experiencias motrices como las ofrecidas por los protocolos de calentamiento FIFA11+ y de juegos adaptados reducidos podría ser clave para mejorar el rendimiento motor y la magnitud de los beneficios asociados al calentamiento.  Abstract: The objective of this research is to assess the effects of different types of warm-ups applied in schoolchildren on the quality of movement of motor skills and jumping and sprint performance. The methodology used was based on a randomized crossover study design (n = 27 schoolchildren), which included three experimental conditions to assess the acute effect of different types of warm-up (traditional, based on reduced adapted games and FIFA 11+) on the vertical jump, sprint in 20 meters and motor skills of locomotion and control of objects in children. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used through repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman with its post-hoc tests as appropriate. The results show that all types of warm-up showed significant differences in sprint, vertical jump and motor skills, compared to the control condition without warm-up. The warm-up based on reduced adapted games presented greater effects than the other modalities on the motor skills of locomotion (p <.05). Comparisons between warm-ups showed that the intervention based on FIFA 11+ was shown to be more effective in reducing sprint time by 20 meters and increasing vertical jump height (p <.05).  In conclusion, this study suggests that the selection of an appropriate strategy based on a diversity of motor experiences such as those offered by the FIFA11 + warm-up protocols and reduced adapted games could be key to improving motor performance and the magnitude of the benefits associated with warm-up.

scholarly journals Αcute Effect of Two Different Post-Activation Potentiation Running Protocols on Sprint Performance of Preadolescent Boys

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Petrakis ◽  
Bassa ◽  
Papavasileiou
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Control Protocol ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Omni Scale

AIM: Forward and backward sprint are two types of locomotion commonly used in sports. The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effect of two post-activation potentiation sprint protocols, including the aforementioned types of locomotion, in subsequent 20-m sprint performance (SP) and the possible fatigue caused by them in preadolescent boys. MATERIAL & METHOD: Fourteen recreationally active preadolescent boys (aged 12.49 ± 0.52 years) volunteered to participate in the study. Boys’ SP was evaluated randomly on three non-consecutive days. SP was evaluated 4 min after (a) a typical warm-up (3 min jogging and dynamic stretching), (b) the typical warm-up followed by 3 x 10 m forward sprint and (c) the typical warm-up followed by 3 × 10 m backward sprint. Τhe Microgate Witty Wireless Training Timer was used for the evaluation of SP and the 10-degree OMNI scale for the evaluation of the rate of perceived exertion. RESULTS: ANOVA with repeated measures indicated no statistically significant effect of protocol on the 0–5, 0–10 and 0–20 m SP (p > 0.05). On the contrary, it was found that the protocols in which 3 × 10 m forward or backward sprint was incorporated caused statistically significant greater fatigue than the control protocol (p < 0.001), without any differences between them. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of three 10-m sprints, either forward or backward, to a standard warm-up does not cause acute improvement in 20-m sprint performance in preadolescent boys, as both protocols cause greater fatigue than a typical warm-up. Therefore, their addition to warm-up of preadolescent boys is not recommended.

scholarly journals Acute effects of different stretching and warm up protocols on some anaerobic motoric tests, flexibility and balance in junior male judokas

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
Özgür Eken ◽  
Mehmet Z. Özkol ◽  
Saadet R. Varol
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strength Improvement

Background and Study Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate acute effects of different warm-up and stretching protocols, on 30 m. sprint, flexibility, vertical jump, strength, balance and anaerobic power performances in junior male judokas. Material and Methods: Twenty sub-elite 11-14 year old judokas who volunteered to participate in the study (age: 12,25±0,96 years; height: 1,52±0,11cm; body mass: 48,06±14,22 kg). This study consist of four different stretching and warm up protocols; without stretching (WS); static stretching (SS); dynamic warm up (DW); dynamic+static warm up (DSW). Results: The effect of the four stretching and warm up protocols were analysed by an ANOVA for repeated measures (WS x SS x DW x DSW). After stretching and warm up protocols, 30 m. sprint values are statistically significance (p<0.05). There was find statistically significant between WS and DSW, SS and DW, DW and DSW (p<0.05). There were no significant difference is found on flexibility values between four stretching and warm up protocols (p>0.05). There was only significant difference is found between WS and SS (p<0.05). Altough leg strength performance wasn’t statistically significant (p>0.05), there was found significant differences between WS and DSW, SS and DSW in favour of DSW (p<0.05). Other parameters like vertical jump, balance and back strength performance weren’t statistically significant after four stretching and warm up protocols. Conclusions: Consequently it is suggested for coaches and judokas that SS are required for developing flexibility performance and DSW can suggest for leg strength improvement.

Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Injury Prevention in High School Soccer Athletes: A Randomized Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Zakaria ◽  
Robert B. Kiningham ◽  
Ananda Sen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Back Injuries ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soccer Teams ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Objective:To determine if there is any benefit to static stretching after performing a dynamic warm-up in the prevention of injury in high school soccer athletes.Design:Prospective cluster randomized nonblinded study.Setting:12 high schools with varsity and junior varsity boys’ soccer teams (24 soccer teams) across the state of Michigan.Participants:Four hundred ninety-nine student-athletes were enrolled, and 465 completed the study. One high school dropped out of the study in the first week, leaving a total of 22 teams.Interventions:Dynamic stretching protocol vs dynamic + static (D+S) stretching protocol.Main Outcome Measures:Lower-extremity, core, or lower-back injuries per team.Results:Twelve teams performed the dynamic stretching protocol and 10 teams performed the D+S stretching protocol. There were 17 injuries (1.42 ± 1.49 injuries/team) among the teams that performed the dynamic stretching protocol and 20 injuries (2.0 ± 1.24 injuries/team) among the teams that performed the D+S protocol. There was no statistically significant difference in injuries between the 2 groups (P = .33).Conclusions:There is no difference between dynamic stretching and D+S stretching in the prevention of lower-extremity, core, and back injuries in high school male soccer athletes. Static stretching does not provide any added benefit to dynamic stretching in the prevention of injury in this population before exercise.

scholarly journals Electromyography Assessments of the Vastus Medialis Muscle during Soccer Instep Kicking between Dynamic and Static Stretching

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadtaghi Amiri-Khorasani ◽  
Noor Osman ◽  
Ashril Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Vastus Medialis Muscle

Electromyography Assessments of the Vastus Medialis Muscle during Soccer Instep Kicking between Dynamic and Static StretchingThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching within a pre-exercise warm-up on vastus medialis muscle activity during instep kicking and ball velocity in soccer players. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from using six synchronized high-speed infra-red cameras at 200 Hz and Electromyography at 100 Hz. There was significant difference in vastus medialis activity after dynamic stretching relative to no stretching condition (0.12 ± 0.06 mV) versus static stretching relative to no stretching condition (-0.21 ± 0.10 mV) with p < 0.001). In addition, there was also a significant difference in ball velocity after dynamic stretching relative to no stretching condition (4.53 ± 2.10 m/s) versus static stretching relative to no stretching condition (-1.48 ± 2.43 m/s) with p < 0.003. We concluded that dynamic stretching during the warm-up, as compared to static stretching, is probably more effective as preparation for optimal muscle activity and finally have high ball velocity which is required in soccer.

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