Rola Avarského Kaganátu Pri Vzniku Slovenčiny

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-236
Author(s):  
Martin Braxatoris ◽  
Michal Ondrejčík
Keyword(s):  
Slavic Language ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
North Edge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Slovak Language

Abstract The paper proposes a basis of theory with the aim of clarifying the casual nature of the relationship between the West Slavic and non-West Slavic Proto-Slavic base of the Slovak language. The paper links the absolute chronology of the Proto-Slavic language changes to historical and archaeological information about Slavs and Avars. The theory connects the ancient West Slavic core of the Proto-Slavic base of the Slovak language with Sclaveni, and non-West Slavic core with Antes, which are connected to the later population in the middle Danube region. It presumes emergence and further expansion of the Slavic koiné, originally based on the non-West Slavic dialects, with subsequent influence on language of the western Slavic tribes settled in the north edge of the Avar Khaganate. The paper also contains a periodization of particular language changes related to the situation in the Khaganate of that time.

scholarly journals German-Slavic toponymic contacts in East Germany

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 434-443
Author(s):  
Andrei N. Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
East Germany ◽  
Slavic Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
The West ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Relationship

We consider the issues of the relationship between the German language and the Sorbian language. The material of the study is the toponyms that are common in the territory that extends in the east to the course of the rivers Bober, Quays and Oder, in the north – to the vicinity of Berlin, and in the west goes beyond the Saale River. The relevance of the study is due to the desire for a more in-depth study of German-Slavic language contacts issues. The novelty of the work lies in the consideration of the issue in various aspects: language levels, sociolinguistic, areal. We study the mechanisms and properties of adaptation of Slavic toponyms at all linguistic levels, clarify the methodology for describing the integration process of borrowed toponyms, describe the phase’s characteristic of the integration process. We show that among the Slavs and Germans, semantic parallelism in the acts of nomination is often noted, due to the geographical environment. We establish that the linguo-geographic relations that developed during the German-Lusatian to-ponymic interaction are heterogeneous in nature. We conclude that interlanguage contacts in the field of toponymy were complex and did not have a monolithic character, as was previously be-lieved. As a prospect for further research, it is planned to study the Slavic Germanic place names in the Slavic languages.

Conquering and Ruling Premodern Afghanistan

Afghanistan ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Barfield
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

This chapter examines Afghanistan's premodern patterns of political authority and the groups that wielded it. During this period nation-states did not exist and regions found themselves as parts of various empires. During its premodern history, the territory of today's Afghanistan was conquered and ruled by foreign invaders. Located on a fracture zone linking Iran in the west, central Asia in the north, and south Asia in the east, it was the route of choice for armies moving across the Hindu Kush (or south of it) toward the plains of India. For the same reason, empires based in India saw the domination of this region as their first line of defense. This chapter focuses on how (and what kinds of) territory was conquered, how conquerors legitimated their rule, and the relationship of such states with peoples at their margins.

The occurrence of shearwaters (Puffinus spp.) off the west coast of Canada

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2064-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan R. Guzman ◽  
M. T. Myres
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
West Coast ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Washington State ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The North Pacific

Shearwaters, Puffinus spp., were studied off the west coast of Canada from 1975 to 1978. Sooty shearwaters, P. griseus, were the most abundant shearwaters off British Columbia in both May and September–October. Pink-footed shearwaters, P. creatopus, also occurred in both spring and fall. Flesh-footed shearwaters, P. carneipes, were found only in May. Buller's shearwaters, P. bulleri, were encountered in June and July during cruises across the Gulf of Alaska and in September and October off British Columbia. The recent increase of Buller's shearwater in the North Pacific is documented. A review of records of the short-tailed shearwater, P. tenuirostris, shows that it is usually rare and irregular off the coast of British Columbia. One black-vented shearwater, P. opisthomelas, was seen in the Gulf of Alaska. Sooty shearwaters occur off British Columbia in far lower numbers than off northern California, Oregon or Washington State. The manner in which sooty shearwaters migrate is described. The relationship between shearwater distributions and depths of water over the continental shelf are examined.

Excavations at Rams Hill, Uffington, Berks.

1940 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Piggott ◽  
C. M. Piggott
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
White Horse ◽  
North Edge ◽  
The Hill

Rams Hill is an inconspicuous knoll of the Berkshire Downs (Berks. O.S. 6 in. XIX, NW. and NE.) on the ridge overlooking the Vale of the White Horse. It lies within the 700-ft. contour, with the ground sloping gently to the south and falling steeply to 400 ft. on the northern escarpment. To the west, a mile away, the land rises to White Horse Hill, a bluff over 800 ft. high, crowned by the hill-fort of Uffington Castle and with the eponymous turf-cut Horse on the westward slope slightly below.The Ridgeway runs along the crest of the downs, south of Uffington Castle but on the north edge of Rams Hill, while along the bottom of the escarpment the Ickneild Way winds in and out of the coombes between the 400- and 500-ft. contours.

Sacerdotal Subversion in Saint-Domingue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Rey
Keyword(s):  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Catholic Priests ◽  
The West ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jesuit Mission ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter, “Sacerdotal Subversion in Saint-Domingue,” provides important historical, political, and religious context for understanding the relationship between the priest and the prophetess, between Romaine-la-Prophétesse and Abbé Ouvière. Based on extensive archival research, some of which is entirely original, it does so by first outlining the history of the Jesuit mission in Saint-Domingue and the reasons for which the Society of Jesus was banished from the colony; in a word, because they were perceived by local planters and colonial administrators as fomenting revolt among slaves. It proceeds by closely analyzing the activities of eight French Catholic priests during the 1791–1792 insurgencies, four among rebelling slaves in the North Province and four among insurgent free coloreds in the West. Though scholars have analyzed the four in the North previously, none of those in the West have ever before been the subjects of academic study.

scholarly journals “Applied Orientalism” in British India and Tsarist Turkestan

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Morrison
Keyword(s):  
North India ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
British India ◽  
State Support ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anglo Indian ◽  
North Western ◽  
Sir William Jones

Writing in 1872, Sir Alfred Lyall, Governor of the North-Western Provinces of British India, was talking about the reluctance amongst many of the old Muslim scholarly class of North India to embrace the modern, enlightened learning of the West. For Lyall, to be an “Orientalist” was to be one of those Anglo-Indian advocates of state support for “Oriental Learning”—the study of Arabic, Persian, and Sanskrit—in the tradition established by Warren Hastings and Sir William Jones, who had been worsted by the “Anglicists” led by Lord Macaulay in 1835. To adopt the meaning popularized by Edward Said, we might say that while Lyall makes a classic “Orientalist” judgment about the value of Eastern civilization, he is also making an observation about the relationship between knowledge and power that still resonates today. Lyall is consciously echoing Macaulay's notorious statement, “A single shelf of a good European Library was worth the whole literature of India and Arabia,” which has often been taken as a byword for the arrogance of Europeans confronted with an Orient to which they felt themselves superior. The obvious point is that Macaulay had no interest in Oriental knowledge or knowledge of the Orient: he was not an Orientalist at all. Perhaps this is why Said dealt with him only tangentially.

Belarusian

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sonya Bird ◽  
Natallia Litvin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slavic Language ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Republic

Belarusian (ISO 639-3 BEL) is an Eastern Slavic language spoken by roughly seven million people in the Republic of Belarus (Zaprudski 2007, Census of the Republic of Belarus 2009), a land-locked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest (Figure 1). Within the Belarusian language, the two main dialects are North Eastern and South Western (Avanesaǔ et al. 1963, Lapkoǔskaya 2008, Smolskaya 2011). Two additional regional forms of Belarusian can be distinguished: the Middle Belarusian dialectal group, incorporating some features of North Eastern and South Western dialects together with certain characteristics of its own, and the West-Polesian (or Brest-Pinsk) dialectal group. The latter group is more distinct linguistically from the other Belarusian dialects and is in many respects close to the Ukrainian language (Lapkoǔskaya 2008, Smolskaya 2011). The focus of this illustration is Standard Belarusian, which is based on Middle Belarusian speech varieties. For details on the phonetic differences across dialects, the reader is referred to Avanesaǔ et al. (1963) and Lapkoǔskaya (2008).

Late Bronze Age Lynchet-Settlements on Plumpton Plain, Sussex

1935 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 16-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Holleyman ◽  
E. Cecil Curwen
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Primary Object ◽  
North Edge ◽  
North And South

Plumpton plain is situated on the top of the South Downs, roughly 600 feet above sea level, six miles north-east of Brighton and four miles north-west of Lewes (fig. 1). From its western end a broad spur slopes gently southwards from the northern escarpment of the Downs, lying between Moustone Valley on the south-east and Faulkners Bottom on the west. Most of this Downland is covered with a dense scrub of gorse, thorn and bramble, and with large patches of bracken and heather. A series of broad paths running roughly at right angles with one another has been cut through this vegetation to facilitate the preservation of game. Along the main ridge of the spur running north and south is a broad gallop which, at a height of 600 feet O.D., passes through a group of earthworks situated 1500 feet from the north edge of the Downs and 2300 feet east of Streathill Farm. This group was the primary object of bur investigations and will be referred to as Site A (fig. 2).Site B (fig. 3) lies a quarter of a mile to the south-east of Site A on a small lateral spur jutting between the twin heads of Moustone Bottom. The only visible evidence of prehistoric occupation was a quantity of coarse gritty sherds and calcined flints on the surface to the south-east of a low bank and ditch which runs across the spur.Several groups of lynchets enclosing square Celtic fields are to be seen in the neighbourhood of these two sites. They lie principally to the south-east of Site A and to the south of Site B.

scholarly journals Análisis espacio-temporal de los eventos de nevadas en el Pirineo español y su relación con la circulación atmosférica

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Navarro-Serrano ◽  
J.I. López-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Snow Depth ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
The West ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
The North ◽  
Spanish Pyrenees ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Events Data

In this study we analyzed the annual and seasonal variability of snowfall events in the Spanish Pyrenees, and the relationship between different weather types and normal (between P30 and P80) and intense (> P80) snowfall events. Data for the hydrological years 2008-2013 were obtained from 10 telenivometers (TNMs) managed by the ERHIN Program network. The TNMs were classified and clustered using principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means classification procedures.The results indicated that there was significant variability in annual snow depth amongst both TNMs and years, with the eastern TNMs showing the most inter-annual variability. The western TNMs recorded most annual accumulation in the winter months (December, January, February), whereas those located eastward showed more homogenous accumulation over winter, spring, and late autumn. Analysis of the frequency and intensity of snowfall did not show clear spatial patterns. No relationship was found between geographical variables (elevation, longitude, latitude) and the frequency of snowfall greater than 5 cm. However, a relationship between longitude and snowfall greater than 25 cm was found, showing that western areas are more likely to receive heavy snowfall. Snowfall of medium intensity (P30-P80) was associated with weather types from the northwest, north, and west, while for heavy snowfall events (> P80) the dominant types were from the northwest, followed by the north, and to a lesser extent the west. The western TNMs recorded that Atlantic Ocean weather types brought the most frequent snowfall, while the eastern TNMs showed that Mediterranean weather types were more important.This study indicates that snowfall differs among Pyrenean valleys, with weather types responsible for much of the variability, particularly with respect to normal and extraordinary snowfall events. However, the elevation of the TNMs may have had an effect, necessitating further research to enable quantification of the effects of snowfall gradients in the Pyrenees.

Contemporary Qur'anic Studies in Iran and its Relationship with Qur'anic Studies in the West

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72
Author(s):  
Morteza Karimi-Nia
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The West ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Religious Learning ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The status of tafsīr and Qur'anic studies in the Islamic Republic of Iran has changed significantly during recent decades. The essay provides an overview of the state of Qur'anic studies in Iran today, aiming to examine the extent of the impact of studies by Western scholars on Iranian academic circles during the last three decades and the relationship between them. As in most Islamic countries, the major bulk of academic activity in Iran in this field used to be undertaken by the traditional ʿulamāʾ; however, since the beginning of the twentieth century and the establishment of universities and other academic institutions in the Islamic world, there has been increasing diversity and development. After the Islamic Revolution, many gradual changes in the structure and approach of centres of religious learning and universities have occurred. Contemporary advancements in modern sciences and communications technologies have gradually brought the institutions engaged in the study of human sciences to confront the new context. As a result, the traditional Shīʿī centres of learning, which until 50 years ago devoted themselves exclusively to the study of Islamic law and jurisprudence, today pay attention to the teaching of foreign languages, Qur'anic sciences and exegesis, including Western studies about the Qur'an, to a certain extent, and recognise the importance of almost all of the human sciences of the West.

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