Evaluation of soil properties in variously aged Scots pine plantations established on sandy soil

Abstract Pines are widely planted for sand dune stabilization and their cultivation results in the changes in physical, chemical, hydro-physical and water repellency properties. Soil properties were evaluated at three Scots pine plantations (PF1, PF2 and PF3) close to Studienka village, Borská nížina lowland (southwestern Slovakia) during hot and dry summer period. The PF1 site is a newly established plantation, the PF2 site is about 30 years old plantation, and the PF3 site is about 100 years old plantation. Here, we estimated the differences in pH, soil organic carbon content, Cox, particle size distribution, PSD, saturated, ks, and unsaturated, k(–2 cm), hydraulic conductivity, water, Sw , and ethanol, Se , sorptivity, water drop penetration time, WDPT, and repellency index, RI. It was found that Cox varies most significantly with plantation age, and relative differences in PSD and pH were lower than the relative difference in Cox. The PF3 site differs the most from the other two, especially in Cox and in the content of sand fraction. It can be attributed to the older age of the plantation, which represents a more advanced stage of succession accompanied by an accumulation of soil organic matter. Relationships between Cox, k(–2 cm), RI, and WDPT and pine forest age were described by appropriate mathematical models. We found a similarity between k(–2 cm) and RI relationships vs. pine forest age (exponential models), and between Cox and WDPT relationships vs. pine forest age (first and second-order polynomial models). The latter similarity can be supported by the fact that soil water repellency is induced by the hydrophobic and amphiphilic components of soil organic matter.

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Relationships of water repellency to soil properties for different spatial scales of study

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/s97071 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 495 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

I. McKissock ◽

R. J. Gilkes ◽

R. J. Harper ◽

D. J. Carter

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Western Australia ◽

Water Drop ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Water Repellency ◽

General Tendency ◽

The South ◽

South West

In order to predict the occurrence of water repellency, which is a labile property, from field survey data obtained throughout the year, it is necessary to identify predictive relationships between water repellency and commonly measured soil properties. This paper evaluates these relationships for diverse soil assemblages. These soil assemblages include a set of reference soils from the south-west of Western Australia (an area of 250 000 km2), more intensively sampled suites of soils in several smaller soil{landscape associations within the south-west of Western Australia (≅1000 km2), soils from single farms (1-10 km2) and transects (≅0·001 km2), and single soil profiles (≅m2). The severity of water repellency was assessed by measuring water drop penetration time in seconds (WDPT) and was related to intrinsic properties of soils using log-transformed data. For the set of soils from the West Midland Sandplain the type of land use was also considered as a variable. There is a general tendency for WDPT to increase as organic matter content increases and decrease as the content of fine mineral material increases (clay, silt, very fine sand). However, there is no single soil property that is able to predict WDPT adequately. Furthermore, reliability of prediction decreases as the area of sampling increases. There appear to be no systematic differences in the capacity of organic matter from pasture or crop to induce water repellency, but increments of organic matter under bush increase water repellency at a greater rate than does organic matter from crop or pasture.

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Effects of lupin on soil properties and wheat production

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9931971 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 1971 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

KY Chan ◽

DP Heenan

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Water ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Soil Water Storage ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Wagga Wagga ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Wheat Production

Effect of lupin on wheat production and soil properties was evaluated on a red earth, at Wagga Wagga, N.S.W. Soil physical and chemical properties as well as soil surface aggregate stability, soil water distribution and extraction by wheat crops from a 10-year-old wheat/lupin (WL) rotation were compared with those of continuous wheat (WW), with (WW+N) and without (WW-N) nitrogen fertilizer application. Averaged wheat yield over the 1989-1990 period was 4.17, 2.95 and 3.06 t ha-1 respectively for WL, WW-N and WW+N. Despite the higher yield, important changes in soil properties have been detected in the soil under wheat/lupin rotation when compared with that under continuous wheat. The major effect was surface soil acidification and an associated loss of cations. Ten years of WL, compared with WW-N resulted in 0.2 unit reduction in pH (4 -35 v. 4.55) in 0.10-0.15 m with corresponding increases in extractable A1 and losses in exchangeable Ca2+ (17% as present in WW-N) and Mg+2 (12%). In the continuous wheat, annual application of 100 kg N ha-1 as urea resulted in much greater acidification (by 0.48 pH unit from 4.63 to 4.15 at 0.05-0.10 m) and larger losses in Ca2+ (up to 40%) and Mg2+ (up to 52%) in the top 0.2 m. Ten years of WL rotation reduced K+ by 10% in the top 0.2 m layer compared with both of the continuous wheat rotations, presumably due to higher export of K in lupin grains. Inclusion of lupin in the rotation also resulted in differences in the quality of soil organic matter. Despite similar total soil organic carbon content to WW-N, in the top 0.1 m, soil organic matter under WL had lower C/N ratio and higher polysaccharide content. Lower macroaggregate stability was found under WL compared to WW-N, but this did not result in lower soil water storage over the summer fallow during the two seasons of measurement. However, the wheat crop under WW utilized less stored subsoil water than that under WL, even under conditions of moisture stress.

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Soil attributes related to water repellency and the utility of soil survey for predicting its occurrence

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9941109 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 1109 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

RJ Harper ◽

RJ Gilkes

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Water Drop ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Clay Content ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Water Repellency ◽

Soil Survey ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Penetration Time

The incidence and severity of water repellency was related to five soil class (FC I-V), based on the field texture and dry consistence of the soil surface horizons, derived from a soil survey near Jerramungup, Western Australia. Water repellency was most severe on the FC I soils (median clay content 1.5%), with 66% of samples having water repellency based on the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test >10 s. Corresponding values for the FC II and III soils (2.5%, 4.0% clay) were 37% and 20%. Water repellency did not occur on the most clayey FC IV (8.1% clay) and FC V (22.1% clay) soils. Following stratification of Ap horizon soils by 1% increments of clay content, highly significant linear relationships occurred between log [water drop penetration time (WDPT)] and log [organic carbon (OC)] for the 1-2, 2-3 and 3-4% clay classes, these respectively explaining 50, 35 and 37% of the variation in water repellency. The role of organic carbon in promoting water repellency decreases markedly with increasing clay content, with WDPT being proportional to OC4.5, OC3.9 and OC3.0 for each of these clay classes. A multivariate relationship using measures of amorphous iron, clay and organic matter explained 63% of the variation in water repellency, and this multivariate dependency provides an explanation of the poor bivariate relationships between either clay or organic carbon content and water repellency reported in previous studies. There is a strong geomorphic control of the clay content in the soil surface horizons. Given the effect that clay content has on water repellency, the susceptibility of soils to water repellency can be mapped across farms, with the actual expression of water repellency depending on soil organic matter content, and hence land use. Such discrimination will allow the prediction of water erosion hazard and identify soils requiring ameliorative treatments.

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Which Selective Logging Intensity is Most Suitable for the Maintenance of Soil Properties and the Promotion of Natural Regeneration in Highly Continental Scots Pine Forests?–Results 19 Years after Harvest Operations in Mongolia

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10020141 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 141 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gerelbaatar Sukhbaatar ◽

Baatarbileg Nachin ◽

Battulga Purevragchaa ◽

Batsaikhan Ganbaatar ◽

Khishigjargal Mookhor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Pine Forest ◽

Selective Logging ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Scots Pine Forest

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests are one of the main vegetation types in the Asian forest-steppe zone. However, over-harvesting currently threatens the natural regeneration and sustainability of these forests. In this study, we examine the long-term effects of different logging intensities on soil properties and natural regeneration in a natural Scots pine forest in the West Khentii Mountains (Mongolia), 19 years after selective logging. Our experimental design included five treatments: clear cut (CC), treatments with high (HI), medium (MI), low (LI) intensities, and a reference parcel with no logging impact at all (RE). We described and quantified the harvest events and applied ANOVA and LMM modeling to analyze and explain the long-term impacts of the logging intensities on soil properties and natural regeneration. We found that logging has a significant negative influence on the physical and chemical properties of the soil because it increases soil compaction and reduces soil nutrients. The most critical impacts of logging were on soil bulk density, total porosity, organic matter, and total nitrogen and phosphorus. The LMM modeling showed that organic matter (OgM), total nitrogen (TN), available K (AK) and pH values are especially impacted by logging. Our study revealed that the values for all of these variables show a linear decrease with increasing selective logging intensity and have a level of significance of p < 0.05. Another finding of this study is that selective logging with low and medium intensities can promote natural regeneration of Scots pine to numbers above those of the reference site (RE). High intensity logging and clear-cuts, however, limit the regeneration of Scots pine, reduce overall seedling numbers (p < 0.05), and create conditions that are suitable only for the regeneration of deciduous tree species. This underlines the risk of Scots pine forest degradation, either by replacement by broad-leaf trees or by conversion into non-forest ecosystems.

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Soil Organic Matter Fractions under Managed Pine Plantations of the Southeastern USA

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj2004.0950 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 950 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Marietta E. Echeverría ◽

Daniel Markewitz ◽

Lawrence A. Morris ◽

Ronald L. Hendrick

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Pine Plantations ◽

Southeastern Usa ◽

Soil Organic Matter Fractions ◽

Organic Matter Fractions

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Soil water repellency persistence after recurrent forest fires on Mount Carmel, Israel

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf12063 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 515 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Naama Tessler ◽

Lea Wittenberg ◽

Noam Greenbaum

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Water ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Water Drop ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Repellency ◽

Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Soil Water Repellency ◽

Chemical Properties Of Soils

Variations in forest fires regime affect: (1) the natural patterns of community structure and vegetation; (2) the physico-chemical properties of soils and consequently (3) runoff, erosion and sediment yield. In recent decades the Mediterranean ecosystem of Mount Carmel, north-western Israel, is subjected to an increasing number of forest fires, thus, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the long-term effects of single and recurrent fires on soil water repellency (WR) and organic matter (OM) content. Water repellency was studied by applying water drop penetration time (WDPT) tests at sites burnt by single-fire, two fires, three fires and unburnt control sites. Water repellency in the burnt sites was significantly lower than in the unburnt control sites, and the soil maintained its wettability for more than 2 decades, whereas after recurrent fires, the rehabilitation was more complicated and protracted. The OM content was significantly lower after recurrent than after a single fire, causing a clear proportional decrease in WR. The rehabilitation of WR to natural values is highly dependent on restoration of organic matter and revegetation. Recurrent fires may cause a delay in recovery and reduced productivity of the soil for a long period.

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Droplet infiltration dynamics and soil wettability related to soil organic matter of soil aggregate coatings and interiors

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics ◽

10.1515/johh-2016-0021 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 111-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Miroslav Fér ◽

Martin Leue ◽

Radka Kodešová ◽

Horst H. Gerke ◽

Ruth H. Ellerbrock

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Preferential Flow ◽

Water Drop ◽

Soil Aggregates ◽

High Water ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Surface Wettability ◽

Mineral Coatings ◽

Droplet Infiltration

Abstract The organo-mineral coatings of soil aggregates, cracks, and biopores control sorption and macropore-matrix exchange during preferential flow, in particular in the clay-illuvial Bt-horizon of Luvisols. The soil organic matter (SOM) composition has been hypothesized to explain temporal changes in the hydraulic properties of aggregate surfaces. The objective of this research was to find relations between the temporal change in wettability, in terms of droplet infiltration dynamics, and the SOM composition of coated and uncoated aggregate surfaces. We used 20 to 40 mm sized soil aggregates from the Bt2 horizon of a Haplic Luvisol from loess that were (i) coated, (ii) not coated (both intact), and (iii) aggregates from which coatings were removed (cut). The SOM composition of the aggregate surfaces was characterized by infrared spectroscopy in the diffuse reflection mode (DRIFT). A potential wettability index (PWI) was calculated from the ratio of hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups in SOM. The water drop penetration times (WDPT) and contact angles (CA) during droplet infiltration experiments were determined on dry and moist aggregate samples of the three types. The decrease in the CA with time was described using the power function (CA(t) = at−b). For dry aggregates, the WDPT values were larger for coated as compared to uncoated regions on the aggregate surfaces, and increased with increasing PWI value (R2 = 0.75). The a parameter was significantly related to the WDPT (R2 = 0.84) and to the PWI (R2 = 0.64). The relations between the b parameter and the WDPT (R2 = 0.61) and the PWI (R2 = 0.53) were also significant. The WDPT values of wet soil aggregates were higher than those of dry aggregates due to high water contents, which limited the droplet infiltration potential. At the wet aggregate surfaces, the WDPT values increased with the PWI of the SOM (R2 = 0.64). In contrast to dry samples, no significant relationships were found between parameters a or b of CA(t) and WDPT or PWI for wet aggregate surfaces. The results suggest that the effect of the SOM composition of coatings on surface wettability decreases with increasing soil moisture. In addition to the dominant impact of SOM, the wettability of aggregate surfaces could be affected by different mineralogical compositions of clay in coatings and interiors of aggregates. Particularly, wettability of coatings could be decreased by illite which was the dominant clay type in coatings. However, the influence of different clay mineral fractions on surface wettability was not due to small number of measurements (2 and 1 samples from coatings and interiors, respectively) quantified.

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Relationship of soil properties to fractionation, bioavailability and mobility of lead and zinc in soil

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/2201-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 225-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

N. Finžgar ◽

P. Tlustoš ◽

D. Leštan

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Clay Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Matter Content

Sequential extractions, metal uptake by Taraxacum officinale, Ruby’s physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), were used to assess the risk of Pb and Zn in contaminated soils, and to determine relationships among soil characteristics, heavy metals soil fractionation, bioavailability and leachability. Regression analysis using linear and 2nd order polynomial models indicated relationships between Pb and Zn contamination and soil properties, although of small significance (P < 0.05). Statistically highly significant correlations (P < 0.001) were obtained using multiple regression analysis. A correlation between soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter and clay content was expected. The proportion of Pb in the PBET intestinal phase correlated with total soil Pb and Pb bound to soil oxides and the organic matter fraction. The leachable Pb, extracted with TCLP, correlated with the Pb bound to carbonates and soil organic matter content (R2 = 69%). No highly significant correlations (P < 0.001) for Zn with soil properties or Zn fractionation were obtained using multiple regression.

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Quantitative Characterization of Soil Organic Matter and Its Fractionation Products by Solid State High Resolution C-13 (CPMAS) Spectroscopy

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1991-11-1209 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 46 (11-12) ◽

pp. 982-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

R. Fründ ◽

H.-D. Lüdemann

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Solid State ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

High Resolution ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Chemical Information ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Quantitative Characterization

Abstract In a systematic study the organic carbon content of typical Germ an soils was studied by solid state C-13 CPM AS spectroscopy.In order to check the quantitative validity of the standard sodium hydroxide extraction procedure, which fractionates soil organic matter into hum in, humic acid, and fulvic acid also the high resolution solid state spectra of these fractions were determined.The chemical information obtained from these spectra is discussed.

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Adsorption of Five Phenylurea Herbicides by Selected Soils of Czechoslovakia

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500069186 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 368-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Josef Kozak ◽

Jerome B. Weber

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Adsorption Isotherms ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Langmuir Equation ◽

Phenylurea Herbicides ◽

Soil Organic Matter Content ◽

Freundlich Equation

Adsorption of five phenylurea herbicides, metobromuron [3-(p-bromophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], monolinuron [3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxyl-1-methylurea], linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], chlorbromuron [3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], and CGA-15646 [3-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] by eight selected soils of Czechoslovakia were studied. Constants from Freundlich and Langmuir equations were calculated and correlated with the major soil properties. Freundlich K values ranged from 1.84 to 128, and the Freundlich equation was better fitted to the adsorption isotherms than was the Langmuir equation. Soil organic-matter content was the most important factor influencing the range of adsorption.

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