From Readiness to Action: How Motivation Works

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie W. Kruglanski ◽  
Marina Chernikova ◽  
Noa Schori-Eyal
Keyword(s):  
General Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Animal Learning ◽  
First Order ◽  
Motivational Readiness ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Order Factor

Abstract We present a new theoretical construct labeled motivational readiness. It is defined as the inclination, whether or not ultimately implemented, to satisfy a desire. A general model of readiness is described which builds on the work of prior theories, including animal learning models and personality approaches, and which aims to integrate a variety of research findings across different domains of motivational research. Components of this model include the Want state (that is, an individual’s currently active desire), and the Expectancy of being able to satisfy that Want. We maintain that the Want concept is the critical ingredient in motivational readiness: without it, readiness cannot exist. In contrast, some motivational readiness can exist without Expectancy. We also discuss the role of incentive in motivational readiness. Incentive is presently conceived of in terms of a Match between a Want and a Perceived Situational Affordance. Whereas in classic models incentive was portrayed as a first order determinant of motivational readiness, here we describe it as a second order factor which affects readiness by influencing Want, Expectancy, or both. The new model’s relation to its theoretical predecessors, and its implications for future research, also are discussed.

Conclusion and Recommendations

2014 ◽  
pp. 226-238
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Financial Sector Development ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Potential Channels

This book started with a brief review of different outlooks on the role of financial sector development in the process of economic growth. Then it highlighted the fact that recent studies, particularly those originating from modern growth theory, suggest that financial intermediation affects growth through various channels. To test this proposition, an empirical model was built, data were obtained, empirical tests were carried out, and results were discussed. The final chapter in this book, therefore, summarises key research findings and discusses the potential channels through which financial sector development affects the economic growth process. The chapter further highlights contributions of this research to growth studies, discusses policy implications arising from the findings of this research, and provides directions for future research and analysis.

Drug abuse and developmental psychopathology

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEYER D. GLANTZ ◽  
ALAN I. LESHNER
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Findings

Drug abuse research and theory has become much more sophisticated over the last 2 decades, and some of the advancements parallel concepts that are part of the developmental psychopathology approach. The application of the developmental psychopathology perspective to recent drug abuse research findings can provide a greater understanding of that information and point to important areas of future research. Among the drug abuse research areas discussed here and viewed from this perspective are antecedent and co-occurring psychopathological conditions and other problem behaviors; the diversity of the nature of, paths to, and processes and outcomes related to drug abuse; the role of intermediary influences; the interaction of individual and environmental predisposing and protective factors; the role of families and other social institutions in intervention; and developmental stage characteristics. Directions for future research are also discussed.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Interconnections Between Statistical Learning and Dyslexia: A Review of Recent Empirical Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Singh ◽  
Christopher M. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Structured Information ◽  
Learning Impairment

One important aspect of human cognition involves the learning of structured information encountered in our environment, a phenomenon known as statistical learning. A growing body of research suggests that learning to read print is partially guided by learning the statistical contingencies existing between the letters within a word, and also between the letters and sounds to which the letters refer. Research also suggests that impairments to statistical learning ability may at least partially explain the difficulties experienced by individuals diagnosed with dyslexia. However, the findings regarding impaired learning are not consistent, perhaps partly due to the varied use of methodologies across studies – such as differences in the learning paradigms, stimuli used, and the way that learning is assessed – as well as differences in participant samples such as age and extent of the learning disorder. In this review, we attempt to examine the purported link between statistical learning and dyslexia by assessing a set of the most recent and relevant studies in both adults and children. Based on this review, we conclude that although there is some evidence for a statistical learning impairment in adults with dyslexia, the evidence for an impairment in children is much weaker. We discuss several suggestive trends that emerge from our examination of the research, such as issues related to task heterogeneity, possible age effects, the role of publication bias, and other suggestions for future research such as the use of neural measures and a need to better understand how statistical learning changes across typical development. We conclude that no current theoretical framework of dyslexia fully captures the extant research findings on statistical learning.

scholarly journals Oil terrorism-militancy link: Mediating role of moral disengagement in emergency and crisis management

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwasoye Patrick Mafimisebi, PhD Student ◽  
Sara Thorne, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Rational Choices ◽  
Research Findings

The controversial issues of terrorism and militancy have generated contemporary interests and different interpretations have emerged on how to combat and manage these dangerous events. This study widens understanding of moral disengagement mechanism application in the perpetuation of inhumanities within the context of oil terrorist and militant behaviors. The research findings and model are explicit on how people form moral evaluations of agents who are forced to make morally relevant decisions over times in context of crisis situations. Quite crucially, understanding the context of terrorism and militancy provides policymakers, emergency and crisis managers better analysis and response to such events. The research fundamental purpose was to investigate the mediating role of moral disengagement on delinquency of oil terrorism and militancy; and considered implications for emergency and crisis management practices. The study found that situational-induced crises such as oil terrorism and militancy were sufficient to account for an individual's misdeeds and unethical or inhumane decisions made under frustration and agitation may be perceived as less indicative of one's fundamental character. Findings suggest that more repugnant delinquencies could have been committed in the name of justice than in the name of injustice, avenues for future research. In context, the result of the moral disengagement scale shows that morality of delinquency (oil terrorism and militancy) is accomplished by cognitively redefining the morality of such acts. The main finding is that people in resistance movements are rational actors making rational choices. The authors argue that theorists, policymakers, and practitioners must give meaningful attention to understanding the multidimensional nature of emergency, crisis and disaster management for better strength of synthesis between theory and practice. The research is concluded by thorough examination of the implication and limitations for future research and practice.

scholarly journals Musical Memos in Qualitative Inquiry: Creating Artful, Embodied and Salient Reflections

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Boyle ◽  
Lynn Butler-Kisber
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reflective Process ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Psychology Course

This article presents musical memoing as an arts-based reflective process and as a way to engage with and represent data in qualitative inquiry. Used in conjunction with more well-known approaches to data analysis (constant comparison and narrative analysis), musical memos serve to pull forth and highlight salient understandings emerging in the analyses. Moreover, musical memoing allows for the creation of concise yet holistic representations of the data, which can be performed in an embodied manner to enhance understanding of phenomena. The role of musical memoing is discussed within the context of a research study carried out at McGill University entitled, “Exploring a University Teacher’s Approach to Incorporating Music in a Cognition Psychology Course.” A brief overview of the research findings is presented, as well as the methodological implications musical memoing has for future research.

Suicide, Serotonin, and the Brain

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. van Heeringen
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Biological Psychiatry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Serotonergic Function ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Serotonergic Dysfunction

Summary: The involvement of impaired serotonergic functioning in the development of suicidal behavior is one of the best documented findings in biological psychiatry. It is, however, less clear in which way this dysfunction contributes to the occurrence of suicidal behavior. Correlational studies have demonstrated associations between peripheral measures of serotonergic function and characteristics such as impulsivity, disinhibition, anxiety, and/or behavioral inhibition. Postmortem and neuroimaging studies have provided insight in the localization of serotonergic dysfunction in the central nervous system. Nevertheless, results in this area of research have also been contradictory. Following a short overview of recent research findings on serotonin and suicidal behavior, this paper focuses on the involvement of the prefrontal cortex of the brain in the development of suicidal behavior and on the role of serotonin in its executive functions. Based on these considerations, suggestions for future research are discussed.

Family and Personal Networks in International Migration: Recent Developments and New Agendas

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Personal Networks ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Migration System ◽  
Migration Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Research Findings

Family, friendship and community networks underlie much of the recent migration to industrial nations. Current interest in these networks accompany the development of a migration system perspective and the growing awareness of the macro and micro determinants of migration. This article presents an overview of research findings on the determinants and consequences of personal networks. In addition, it calls for greater specification of the role of networks in migration research and for the inclusion of women in future research.

Human reproductive strategies: An emerging synthesis?

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn the first part of this response, commentators' critiques to the target article are reviewed and addressed. The main discussion topics are the role of attachment in developmental plasticity; the relationship between attachment, mating, and reproductive strategies; the existence, magnitude, and developmental timing of sex differences in attachment; the adaptiveness of insecure styles; and the neurobiology of attachment and reproduction. The model's assumptions are clarified, and a number of methodological issues that can confound the interpretation of research findings are examined. In the second part, various proposals made by commentators are synthesized, and directions for future research and theoretical improvement are outlined. In addition, the issue of disorganized and fearful attachment is tentatively addressed. It is argued that different theoretical perspectives are converging toward a consistent and comprehensive theory of human reproductive strategies.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF WORK DISCIPLINE, WORK MOTIVATION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION ON NURSING PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-848
Author(s):  
Kusni Ingsih ◽  
◽  
Rini Laksmi Yanuardan ◽  
Suhana Suhana ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The City

This study aimed to determine the effect of work discipline, work motivation, organizational commitment on job satisfaction in improving nursing performance. The research respondents were nurses in the city of Semarang. The sample used in this study was determined by a non-probability sampling method, which obtained a sample of 190 respondents. The data in this study were obtained using a questionnaire method, which was filled independently. The analysis used in this study used multiple linear regression. This study proves and concludes that work discipline, work motivation, and organizational commitment positively affect job satisfaction. work discipline and organizational commitment positively affect nursing performance. However, work motivation and job satisfaction do not affect nursing performance. The research findings can be used as management consideration to improve the nursing performance in Semarang Indonesia and other countries with similar characteristics by applying the model to increase performance. The research is an original one. The findings add a discourse concerning the effect of work discipline, work motivation, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction on performance in nursing institutions in a developing country, Indonesia. Nursing institutions can consider the model to enhance nursing performance. Researchers can widen the scope of research for future research to overcome the problem of the generalization of research findings.

Factor Structure of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire–Revised

Assessment ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1547-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa D. Latham ◽  
Paul Dudgeon ◽  
Marie B. H. Yap ◽  
Julian G. Simmons ◽  
Michelle L. Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Large Representative

Early adolescence (typically aged 9-15 years) is a period of dramatic developmental change, and individual differences in temperament is likely to be an important predictor of the success with which individuals negotiate this period of life. Moreover, early adolescent temperament cannot be adequately captured by measures designed for other age groups. This study examined the empirical validity of the proposed temperament factors of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire–Revised (EATQ-R) in a large representative sample of 2,453 early adolescents aged between 10 and 12 years of age, and compared it with models that include cross-loadings between items and first-order factors, as well as first- and second-order factors. Furthermore, the reproducibility of the factor structure established by using a cross validation approach. Adding cross-loadings to the EATQ-R fit the data substantially better, resulting in an overall good fit that the original EATQ-R model did not achieve. However, the conceptual interpretation of the first- and second-order factor structures were not substantially altered even with this addition of cross-loadings. Future research should establish the construct validity of the first- and second-order factors as measured by this empirically based factor structure.

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