BIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF 'CATHERINE SEL 1' PEACH CULTIVAR IN SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT

In arid and semi-arid regions, irrigation application is mandatory for modern fruit growing, but the optimal irrigation application requires large amounts of water. In the context of global warming, water saving is a major objective. Therefore, deficit irrigation (DI) is an attractive alternative. The plant studied was thirteen years old ‘Catherine Sel.1’ peach trees. The trees were grafted on franc rootstock and planted in a 4 m x 3 m layout. Soil management was represented by clean cultivation both between tree rows and in the row. Fruit size and weight are important qualities and yield traits in peach (Prunus persica (L) Batsch), but the factors that influence fruit size and weight remain to be explored. The fruit biometrical characteristics was influenced by the irrigation regime, with the irrigated treatment with 100% AHI (T1) showing significantly (P <5%) higher differences versus T2 and T3. As with fruit biometrical characteristics, the fruit weight determined on the fruits of the studied treatments had the same trend. In this study, we investigated the impact of stress hydric on fruit size and weight at 'Catherine sel 1' peach cultivar in 2019-2020 period.

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BIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF 'ORIZONT' APRICOT CULTIVAR UNDER STRESS HYDRIC CONDITIONS

Current Trends in Natural Sciences ◽

10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 387-393

Author(s):

Leinar Septar ◽

Cristina Moale ◽

Larisa Tilinca ◽

Ioan Stoli

Keyword(s):

Arid Regions ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Prunus Armeniaca ◽

Yield Traits ◽

Irrigation Regime ◽

Major Activity ◽

Prunus Armeniaca L ◽

Planting Distance ◽

The Impact

Irrigation is a major activity in arid and semi-arid regions for many crops, including orchards. The deficit irrigation is an alternative in the context of global warming. The crop studied was apricot, 'Orizont' cultivar, 16 years old, grafted on the 'Constanta 14' rootstock. The planting distance was 4 m between the rows and 5 m between trees in the row. Fruit size and weight are important qualities and yield traits in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), but the factors that influence fruit size and weight remain to be explored. The fruit biometrical characteristics was influenced by the irrigation regime, with the irrigated treatment with 100% AHI (T1) showing significantly (P <5%) higher differences versus T2 and T3. As with fruit biometrical characteristics, the fruit weight determined on the fruits of the studied treatments had the same trend. In this study, we investigated the impact of stress hydric on fruit size and weight at 'Orizont' apricot cultivar in 2019-2020 period.

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L-PEACH: A Computer-based Model to Understand How Peach Trees Grow

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/hortsci.20.6.983 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 983-990 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Gerardo Lopez ◽

Romeo R. Favreau ◽

Colin Smith ◽

Theodore M. DeJong

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Total Yield ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Time Step ◽

Fruit Thinning ◽

Computer Based ◽

Peach Trees

L-PEACH is a computer-based model that simulates the growth of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees. The model integrates important concepts related to carbon assimilation, distribution, and use in peach trees. It also includes modeling of the responses to horticultural practices such as tree pruning and fruit thinning. While running L-PEACH, three-dimensional (3D) depictions of simulated growing trees can be displayed on the computer screen and the user can easily interact with the model. Quantitative data generated during a simulation can be saved to a file or printed for visualization and analysis. L-PEACH is a powerful tool for understanding how peach trees function in the field environment, and it can be used as an innovative method for dissemination of knowledge related with carbohydrate assimilation and partitioning. In this study, we describe the version of L-PEACH that runs on a daily time-step (L-PEACH-d) and how users can run the model and interact with it. To demonstrate how L-PEACH-d works, different pruning and fruit thinning strategies were analyzed. Regarding pruning, model outputs showed 3D depictions of unpruned trees and pruned trees trained to a perpendicular V system. For the fruit thinning studies, we simulated different intensities and dates of fruit thinning in mature peach trees. Total simulated yield increased with crop load but the opposite was observed for average fruit weight. An optimal balance between simulated total yield and average fruit weight was obtained by leaving 150 fruit per tree. Simulating different dates of fruit thinning indicated that fruit weight at harvest was higher on earlier compared with later-thinned trees. The model indicates that fruit thinning should be therefore carried out early in the season to maximize fruit size. The simulation results demonstrate that L-PEACH-d can be used as an educational tool and facilitate the adoption of suitable cultural practices for efficient production.

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Mechanical Thinning of Peaches is Effective Postbloom

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.8.850 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 850-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. Michael Glenn ◽

Donald L. Peterson ◽

Daniela Giovannini ◽

Miklos Faust

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Fruit Size ◽

High Density ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Tree Damage ◽

Fruit Thinning ◽

Small Fruit ◽

Mechanical Thinning ◽

Peach Trees ◽

The Impact

Hand-thinning (Prunus persica L. Batsch) “Y”-trained peach trees at bloom and 51 days after full bloom (DAFB) was compared to mechanical fruit thinning 51 DAFB using a spiked-drum and an impact shaker. The spiked-drum shaker removed more fruit from horizontal branches than from vertical branches, yet did not selectively remove either large or small fruit. Bloom thinning by hand increased fruit size compared to postbloom thinning 51 DAFB, and both postbloom mechanical thinning techniques were as effective as postbloom hand thinning. The spiked-drum shaker may be a better thinning technique than the impact shaker because it transfers less shaking energy to the fruit, can be used in high-density plantings, and does not contact the trunk, lessening the potential for tree damage.

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Early performance of micropropagated trees of several Malus and Prunus cultivars on their own roots

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-111 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 847-855 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. A. Quamme ◽

R. T. Brownlee

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Flesh Firmness ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Early Performance ◽

Peach Trees

Early performance (6–8 yr) of Macspur McIntosh, Golden Delicious, and Spartan apple (Malus domestica Borkh.); Fairhaven peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.]; Montmorency sour cherry (P. cerasus L.); and Lambert sweet cherry (P. avium L.) trees, tissue cultured (TC) on their own roots, was compared with that of the same cultivars budded on commercially used rootstocks. TC trees of all apple cultivars were similar in size to trees budded on Antonovka seedling or M.4 and exceeded the size of trees budded on M.26. They were delayed in flowering and in cropping compared with trees budded on M.26 and M.4. No difference in titratable acidity, soluble solids, flesh firmness, weight, flavor, and color between fruit from TC trees and from trees on M.4 and Antonovka seedlings was detected in 1 yr of measurement. However, fruit from TC Golden Delicious was more russeted and fruit from TC Spartan had more soluble solids. The difference in fruit appearance between TC and budded trees may result from a root-stock effect or a difference in budwood source, because Spartan fruit from trees on M.4 was more russeted than Spartan fruit from TC trees, but was not different from Spartan fruit from trees on Antonovka seedling. Trees of Macspur McIntosh on TC M.26 and on stool-layered M.26 were similar in size and yield efficiency. TC Fairhaven was larger in size than Fairhaven on Siberian C seedling, but was less yield efficient. No difference in fruit size, flesh firmness, or color was detected between fruit harvested from peach trees on the different roots. Montmorency and Lambert TC and on F12/1 were similar in tree size, respectively, but Montmorency and Lambert TC were more yield efficient than on F12/1. Fruit of TC Lambert was lighter in color and had higher titratable acidity than that of Lambert on F12/1, perhaps a result of earlier fruit maturity. Key words: Apple, peach, sweet cherry, sour cherry, self-rooted, rootstocks

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Heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits on 'BRS Kampai' peach trees

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017001100006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

pp. 1006-1016 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paula Duarte de Oliveira ◽

Gilmar Arduino Bettio Marodin ◽

Gustavo Klamer de Almeida ◽

Mateus Pereira Gonzatto ◽

Daniel Chamorro Darde

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Production ◽

No Production ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Fruit Thinning ◽

Heading Control ◽

Peach Trees

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of shoot heading and of hand thinning in different development stages of flowers and fruits on the fruit production and quality of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) trees. The experiment was performed during three crop years, under the conditions of the “Depressão Central” region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the treatments were: T1, heading of half of the mixed shoot; T2, heading of one third of the mixed shoot; T3, flower thinning in the pink bud stage; T4, thinning at full bloom; T5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm; T6, thinning of fruit with 20 mm; and T7, no thinning or heading (control). Fruit production and quality were evaluated. Plants with no thinning were more productive, but showed high frequency of fruits with a diameter smaller than 60 mm. Shoot heading reduced production per tree and resulted in small-sized fruit. Thinning time did not affect production, and fruit size was greater when thinning was performed at the bloom stage. 'BRS Kampai' peach trees can be thinned starting at bloom, which provides greater fruit size, with no production loss.

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Flowering period and fruit quality of peach trees selections and cultivars in the metropolitan region of Curitiba

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452018991 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Giselda Alves ◽

Jhulia Gelain ◽

Gloria Soriano Vidal ◽

Cristiano Nunes Nesi ◽

Louise Larissa May De Mio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Peach Trees

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the flowering period and the physicochemical characteristics of peaches, aiming to find those most promising for the diversification of the peach crop in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná State. We evaluated 8 selections and three cultivars in Porto Amazonas and 10 cultivars in Araucaria for flowering period, fruit set, diameter and height of fruit, average fruit weight, the skin color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio SS/ TA, hydrogen potential (pH). The flowering period occurred between late June and late September ranging from 16 to 25 days. The fruit set rate was greater than 50% for ‘Cascata 1513’, ‘Cascata 1429’, ‘Cascata 1577’, ‘Cascata 1743’ and for all cultivars in Araucaria. There were significant differences for the other variables assessed. It was concluded that in Araucária, ‘Charme’ and ‘Chimarrita’ are good planting options, have the same duration of the cycle (111 days), being ‘Charme’ a little later. Besides these, ‘Douradão’ and ‘Rubimel’ have good fruit size, moderate acidity and best SS/TA ratio, being earlier than the previous ones. ‘PS 25399’ is the earliest and showed reddish epidermis and great consumer interest. In Porto Amazonas, selections and cultivars tested produced little fruit of small size, being required more studies to be recommended in these area.

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Pecan Shell Mulch Impact on ‘Loring’ Peach Tree Establishment and First Harvest

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/hortsci.19.4.775 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 775-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eric T. Stafne ◽

Charles T. Rohla ◽

Becky L. Carroll

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Tree Mortality ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Waste Product ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Research Station ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Waste Products ◽

Peach Trees

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) shells are waste products that are occasionally used for mulch in ornamental landscape settings, yet most shell waste is left in piles near the shelling facility or discarded by other methods. If another use for this waste product could be developed, it may add income for pecan producers and provide peach (Prunus persica) growers with another option for weed control. A block of ‘Loring’ peach trees grafted onto ‘Halford’ rootstocks was planted at a spacing of 18 × 22 ft in Feb. 2005 at the Cimarron Valley Research Station near Perkins, OK, to determine the effect of pecan shell mulch on peach trees. Five treatments were imposed: no weed control except mowing (MOW), weed-free 6- × 6-ft area maintained with glyphosate herbicide (SPRAY), 6-ft × 6-ft × 2-inch deep mulch (TWO), 6-ft × 6-ft × 4-inch deep mulch (FOUR), and 6-ft × 6-ft × 6-inch deep mulch (SIX). Yields in 2008 were poorest in the MOW treatment (13.2 kg/tree and 93 fruit/tree). All other treatments did not differ. Soluble solids concentration as a measure of fruit quality and fruit weight was unaffected by treatment. Tree height, pruning weights, and trunk cross-sectional area were similar with the exception that MOW was lower for all three growth measurements beginning in 2007. Pecan mulch appears to have the potential to reduce soil pH. Foliar analysis for nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) showed treatment differences in 2006. No treatment differences were evident in 2007 and 2008 for K and Zn, but in 2008, FOUR had greater N than MOW. Tree mortality increased with pecan mulch depth. MOW, SPRAY, and TWO had little tree loss (0%–5%), whereas FOUR and SIX had 15% and 35% mortality, respectively. Tree mortality was attributed to record rains in 2007 coupled with longer soil moisture retention under the deeper mulch.

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THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION STRATEGIES ON PEACH FRUIT GROWTH AND FINAL SIZE

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.572e ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 572e-572

Author(s):

R. Scott Johnson ◽

Claude Phene ◽

Charles Medawar

Keyword(s):

Growth Stage ◽

Water Status ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Canopy Temperature ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Final Size ◽

Peach Fruit ◽

Early Stages ◽

Peach Trees

Six irrigation strategies were imposed on a block of O'Henry peach trees irrigated by fanjets. Treatments received different percentages of ET during the various stages of fruit growth and postharvest. ET was estimated by a large weighing lysimeter containing 2 trees and located in the center of the block. Fruit diameters were measured weekly and final fruit weights were determined at harvest. Adjusted fruit weights were estimated by statistically adjusting each treatment to the same fruit load. Adjusted fruit weight correlated well with soil water content during the month before harvest but not during early stages of fruit growth. Treatments which applied 50% ET during early stages of fruit growth showed reduced fruit size at that time. However, with applications of 150% ET during the final fruit growth stage, fruit size recovered. Adjusted fruit weight also correlated with measures of tree water status including midday leaf water potential and canopy temperature.

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Effects of Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae) population densities on Golden Delicious apple production

Acarologia ◽

10.24349/acarologia/20184276 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (Suppl) ◽

pp. 134-144

Author(s):

Sauro Simoni ◽

Gino Angeli ◽

Mario Baldessari ◽

Carlo Duso

Keyword(s):

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Seasonal Abundance ◽

Population Increase ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Return Bloom ◽

The Impact ◽

Aculus Schlechtendali

Field trials were carried out in order to evaluate the seasonal abundance and the impact on yields of the Apple Rust Mite (ARM) Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae) in an experimental fruit orchard located in northern Italy (Trentino region). The effect of ARM on yield and market quality parameters were assessed on Golden Delicious apple fruits. Fruit size, fruit weight, round colour hue, presence of russet as well as inside quality, i.e. soluble solids, acidity and Perlim index, were evaluated over two seasons considering three population levels of ARM that were determined applying different pesticide strategies. Effects of rust mites on return bloom and yield efficiency were also evaluated. ARM seasonal abundance showed a peak in mid-summer. Relationships between ARM and predatory mites were weak. Moderate to high ARM densities affected fruits size, fruit weight, and round colour hue of Golden Delicious fruits. In contrast, ARM populations did not affect russet on fruits, return bloom and yield efficiency. Additional studies were conducted in the laboratory, on detached Golden Delicious apple leaves, to evaluate the potential for population increase at temperatures close to those recorded in field conditions. These studies evidenced a high potential for population increase.

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Influence of Different Training Systems on the Beginning of Domestic Plum Production and Yield

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/prolas-2019-0039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 244-251

Author(s):

Ilze Grāvīte ◽

Edīte Kaufmane ◽

Laila Ikase ◽

Edgars Cirša

Keyword(s):

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Training System ◽

State Institute ◽

Training Systems ◽

Prunus Cerasifera ◽

Cross Section Area ◽

Section Area ◽

Two Systems ◽

Fruit Growing

Abstract All growers prefer to obtain a first harvest as soon as possible. The aim of this study was to identify an effective tree training system for new Latvian plum cultivars, which provides the highest yield and fruit quality. The trial was established in 2012 at the Institute of Horticulture (formerly Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing) and included cultivars ‘Ance’, ‘Adelyn’, and ‘Sonora’; and the controls ‘Victoria’ and ‘Jubileum’. Planting distances were 4 × 2.5 m, and the rootstock was Prunus cerasifera. Tree training was done using four systems: two systems with branch bending (Heka espalier and spindle); and two systems without bending (standard (round) and flat crown). Evaluation of average fruit weight and yield per trunk cross section area (TCSA) was done from 2015 to 2017. The Heka espalier and spindle systems had first yield in 2015, but systems without bending had first yield only in 2016. Average yield per TCSA was significantly higher for the Heka espalier system (0.49 kg·cm−2) than for the spindle system (0.24 kg·cm−2), standard crown system (0.17 kg·cm−2), and flat crown system (0.30 kg·cm−2). Cultivar ‘Victoria’ had the highest yield among all systems. Average fruit size showed the same results: the biggest fruits were obtained with the Heka espalier system, and the smallest for systems without bending in the standard crown.

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